See underlie in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for underlie meaning in English (7.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "underlien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English underlien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "underliggen"
},
"expansion": "underliggen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "underliċġan",
"t": "to underlie, to be subject to, give way to"
},
"expansion": "Old English underliċġan (“to underlie, to be subject to, give way to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "lie"
},
"expansion": "under- + lie",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "onderliggen",
"t": "to lie below, lie on the bottom of"
},
"expansion": "Dutch onderliggen (“to lie below, lie on the bottom of”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "unterliegen",
"t": "to lie under, be subject to, succumb"
},
"expansion": "German unterliegen (“to lie under, be subject to, succumb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English underlien, underliggen, from Old English underliċġan (“to underlie, to be subject to, give way to”), equivalent to under- + lie. Cognate with Dutch onderliggen (“to lie below, lie on the bottom of”), German unterliegen (“to lie under, be subject to, succumb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underlies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "underlying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "underlay",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "underlain",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "underlies",
"2": "underlying",
"3": "underlay",
"4": "underlain"
},
"expansion": "underlie (third-person singular simple present underlies, present participle underlying, simple past underlay, past participle underlain)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 17 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 12 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lie in a position directly beneath something."
],
"id": "en-underlie-en-verb-pzqo8fC~",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To lie in a position directly beneath something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 25 12 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lie under or beneath."
],
"id": "en-underlie-en-verb-YAx-IOdK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lie under or beneath."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 17 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 12 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a doctrine underlying a theory"
},
{
"ref": "1941, Emily Carr, chapter 6, in Klee Wyck",
"text": "[…] she was carved into the bole of a red cedar tree. Sun and storm had bleached the wood, moss here and there softened the crudeness of the modelling; sincerity underlay every stroke.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4",
"text": "Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of."
],
"id": "en-underlie-en-verb-HbV2~1Sr",
"links": [
[
"serve",
"serve"
],
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "underpin"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stoja v osnovata na",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "стоя в основата на"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "构成基础"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "ten grondslag liggen aan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "olla perustana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "zugrunde liegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "mendasari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "melandasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiso to naru",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "基礎となる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "subyacer"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 17 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 12 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge."
],
"id": "en-underlie-en-verb-KnzTNYL2",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"liable",
"liable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 8 17 27 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 4 17 23 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 25 12 21 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To underlay."
],
"id": "en-underlie-en-verb-KCc6jHwr",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"underlay",
"underlay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) To underlay."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dɚˈlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌan.dəˈlɑɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underlie.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "underlie"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪ/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "underlien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English underlien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "underliggen"
},
"expansion": "underliggen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "underliċġan",
"t": "to underlie, to be subject to, give way to"
},
"expansion": "Old English underliċġan (“to underlie, to be subject to, give way to”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "lie"
},
"expansion": "under- + lie",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "onderliggen",
"t": "to lie below, lie on the bottom of"
},
"expansion": "Dutch onderliggen (“to lie below, lie on the bottom of”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "unterliegen",
"t": "to lie under, be subject to, succumb"
},
"expansion": "German unterliegen (“to lie under, be subject to, succumb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English underlien, underliggen, from Old English underliċġan (“to underlie, to be subject to, give way to”), equivalent to under- + lie. Cognate with Dutch onderliggen (“to lie below, lie on the bottom of”), German unterliegen (“to lie under, be subject to, succumb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "underlies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "underlying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "underlay",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "underlain",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "underlies",
"2": "underlying",
"3": "underlay",
"4": "underlain"
},
"expansion": "underlie (third-person singular simple present underlies, present participle underlying, simple past underlay, past participle underlain)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To lie in a position directly beneath something."
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To lie in a position directly beneath something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A stratum of clay underlies the surface gravel."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lie under or beneath."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lie under or beneath."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a doctrine underlying a theory"
},
{
"ref": "1941, Emily Carr, chapter 6, in Klee Wyck",
"text": "[…] she was carved into the bole of a red cedar tree. Sun and storm had bleached the wood, moss here and there softened the crudeness of the modelling; sincerity underlay every stroke.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4",
"text": "Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of."
],
"links": [
[
"serve",
"serve"
],
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To serve as a basis of; form the foundation of."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "underpin"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge."
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"liable",
"liable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To be subject to; be liable to answer, as a charge or challenge."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"To underlay."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"underlay",
"underlay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) To underlay."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌn.dɚˈlaɪ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌan.dəˈlɑɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underlie.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underlie.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stoja v osnovata na",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "стоя в основата на"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "构成基础"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "ten grondslag liggen aan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "olla perustana"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "zugrunde liegen"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "mendasari"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "melandasi"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiso to naru",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "基礎となる"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to serve as a basis of",
"word": "subyacer"
}
],
"word": "underlie"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.