See umbo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbonal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "umbonic"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"umbō",
"umbo#Latin"
],
[
"umbone",
"umbone#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃nebʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "umbō",
"4": "",
"5": "a shield boss"
},
"expansion": "Latin umbō (“a shield boss”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "umbone"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of umbone",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin umbō (“a shield boss”). Doublet of umbone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umbones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umboes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "umbones",
"2": "s",
"3": "es"
},
"expansion": "umbo (plural umbones or umbos or umboes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "boss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 30 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "en:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
137
]
],
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page xii:",
"text": "It is thirteen inches diameter, made of wood covered with leather, and an iron plate decorated with nails and mouldings; the boss or umbo projects four inches.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"ref": "2023 March 21, Virginia Heffernan, “I Saw the Face of God in a Semiconductor Factory”, in WIRED:",
"text": "serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
],
"id": "en-umbo-en-noun-IUAJK7Sh",
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
],
[
"project",
"project"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 39 20 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 36 17 12 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 39 18 11 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 30 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "en:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
],
"id": "en-umbo-en-noun-juNqifH~",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"projection",
"projection"
],
[
"tympanic membrane",
"tympanic membrane"
],
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(anatomy) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 30 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "en:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"id": "en-umbo-en-noun-G9F0bF-~",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"lateral",
"lateral"
],
[
"prominence",
"prominence"
],
[
"hinge",
"hinge"
],
[
"bivalve",
"bivalve"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(zoology) One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mycology",
"orig": "en:Mycology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 30 28 28",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Armor",
"orig": "en:Armor",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
],
"id": "en-umbo-en-noun-rwlgDKfB",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"mycology",
"mycology"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"protrusion",
"protrusion"
],
[
"cap",
"cap"
],
[
"mushroom",
"mushroom"
],
[
"toadstool",
"toadstool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(mycology) A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"mycology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌm.bəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-umbo.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌm.boʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌmbəʊ"
}
],
"word": "umbo"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃nebʰ-",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌmbəʊ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌmbəʊ/2 syllables",
"en:Armor"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "umbonal"
},
{
"word": "umbonic"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"umbō",
"umbo#Latin"
],
[
"umbone",
"umbone#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃nebʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "umbō",
"4": "",
"5": "a shield boss"
},
"expansion": "Latin umbō (“a shield boss”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "umbone"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of umbone",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin umbō (“a shield boss”). Doublet of umbone.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "umbones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umbos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "umboes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "umbones",
"2": "s",
"3": "es"
},
"expansion": "umbo (plural umbones or umbos or umboes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "boss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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133,
137
]
],
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page xii:",
"text": "It is thirteen inches diameter, made of wood covered with leather, and an iron plate decorated with nails and mouldings; the boss or umbo projects four inches.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
18
]
],
"ref": "2023 March 21, Virginia Heffernan, “I Saw the Face of God in a Semiconductor Factory”, in WIRED:",
"text": "serves as the umbo of the region’s so-called Silicon Shield",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
],
"links": [
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
],
[
"project",
"project"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) The boss of a shield, at or near the middle and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy",
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"projection",
"projection"
],
[
"tympanic membrane",
"tympanic membrane"
],
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(anatomy) An inward projection of the tympanic membrane of the ear."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology",
"en:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"lateral",
"lateral"
],
[
"prominence",
"prominence"
],
[
"hinge",
"hinge"
],
[
"bivalve",
"bivalve"
],
[
"shell",
"shell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(zoology) One of the lateral prominences just above the hinge of a bivalve shell."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology",
"en:Mycology"
],
"glosses": [
"A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"palate",
"palate"
],
[
"disk",
"disk"
],
[
"membrane",
"membrane"
],
[
"mycology",
"mycology"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"protrusion",
"protrusion"
],
[
"cap",
"cap"
],
[
"mushroom",
"mushroom"
],
[
"toadstool",
"toadstool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane.",
"(mycology) A bump or protrusion on the cap of a mushroom or toadstool."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"mycology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌm.bəʊ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-umbo.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-umbo.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌm.boʊ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌmbəʊ"
}
],
"word": "umbo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for umbo meaning in English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.