See thinking in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for thinking meaning in English (8.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thinking",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thynkynge"
},
"expansion": "thynkynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thenkyng"
},
"expansion": "thenkyng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "think",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "think + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thinking, thynkynge, thenkyng, equivalent to think + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thinkings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "thinking (usually uncountable, plural thinkings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"think‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "group-thinking"
},
{
"word": "quick-thinking"
},
{
"word": "smart thinking"
},
{
"word": "thinking cap"
},
{
"word": "thinking man"
},
{
"word": "way of thinking"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "What is your thinking on this subject?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847",
"text": "But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure. Yet this is the level of organisation that does the actual thinking—and is, presumably, the seat of consciousness.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 March 8, David Clough, “The long road that led to Beeching”, in RAIL, number 978, page 43",
"text": "When BR \"back-checked\" (BR's term) the financial results of steam replacement across 49 schemes, where DMUs had been substituted on the London Midland Region, only one was now profitable. BR thinking on such substitutions referred to \"betterment\", not profit or loss.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thought; gerund of think."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "critical thinking"
},
{
"word": "lean thinking"
},
{
"word": "wishful thinking"
}
],
"id": "en-thinking-en-noun-4cvXreGj",
"links": [
[
"Thought",
"thought"
],
[
"gerund",
"gerund#English"
],
[
"think",
"think#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtacoġutʻyun",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "մտածողություն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "misǎl",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мисъл"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmišlenie",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размишление"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "myšlení"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "přemýšlení"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "ajattelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "ajatteleminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "miete"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "mietintä"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pensamento"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "opinión"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ansicht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Denken"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mislenje",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мислење"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tenkning"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tenking"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "myšlenije",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мышление"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "citta",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "चित्त"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "talacuṭa",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "తలచుట"
},
{
"code": "xto",
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "mem"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "maim"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkɪŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thinking.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg/En-us-thinking.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "thinking"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thenkinge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thenkinge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þinkynge"
},
"expansion": "þinkynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þenkynge"
},
"expansion": "þenkynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þenchinde"
},
"expansion": "þenchinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þenċende"
},
"expansion": "Old English þenċende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þankijandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þankijandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þankijaną",
"t": "to think"
},
"expansion": "*þankijaną (“to think”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "think",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "think + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "denkend",
"t": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "Dutch denkend (“thinking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "denkend",
"t": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "German denkend (“thinking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tänkande",
"t": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tänkande (“thinking”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thenkinge, þinkynge, þenkynge, þenchinde, from Old English þenċende, from Proto-Germanic *þankijandz, present participle of *þankijaną (“to think”), equivalent to think + -ing. Cognate with Dutch denkend (“thinking”), German denkend (“thinking”), Swedish tänkande (“thinking”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "thinking",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"think‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'm thinking about inventing a new perpetual-motion machine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "think"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of think"
],
"id": "en-thinking-en-verb-kJ5QQ~NR",
"links": [
[
"think",
"think#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "big-sky thinking"
},
{
"word": "blue-sky thinking"
},
{
"word": "design thinking"
},
{
"word": "entrained thinking"
},
{
"word": "forward-thinking"
},
{
"word": "free-thinking"
},
{
"word": "good thinking"
},
{
"word": "hard of thinking"
},
{
"word": "lateral thinking"
},
{
"word": "magical thinking"
},
{
"word": "negativity thinking"
},
{
"word": "new political thinking"
},
{
"word": "new thinking"
},
{
"word": "not bear thinking about"
},
{
"word": "positive thinking"
},
{
"word": "right-thinking"
},
{
"word": "self-thinking"
},
{
"word": "thinking-cap"
},
{
"word": "thinking distance"
},
{
"word": "thinking machine"
},
{
"word": "thinking man's crumpet"
},
{
"word": "to one's way of thinking"
},
{
"word": "train of thinking"
},
{
"word": "tree thinking"
},
{
"word": "what was someone thinking"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkɪŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thinking.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg/En-us-thinking.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "thinking"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "group-thinking"
},
{
"word": "quick-thinking"
},
{
"word": "smart thinking"
},
{
"word": "thinking cap"
},
{
"word": "thinking man"
},
{
"word": "way of thinking"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thinking",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thynkynge"
},
"expansion": "thynkynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thenkyng"
},
"expansion": "thenkyng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "think",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "think + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thinking, thynkynge, thenkyng, equivalent to think + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thinkings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "thinking (usually uncountable, plural thinkings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"think‧ing"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "critical thinking"
},
{
"word": "lean thinking"
},
{
"word": "wishful thinking"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "What is your thinking on this subject?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847",
"text": "But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure. Yet this is the level of organisation that does the actual thinking—and is, presumably, the seat of consciousness.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 March 8, David Clough, “The long road that led to Beeching”, in RAIL, number 978, page 43",
"text": "When BR \"back-checked\" (BR's term) the financial results of steam replacement across 49 schemes, where DMUs had been substituted on the London Midland Region, only one was now profitable. BR thinking on such substitutions referred to \"betterment\", not profit or loss.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thought; gerund of think."
],
"links": [
[
"Thought",
"thought"
],
[
"gerund",
"gerund#English"
],
[
"think",
"think#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkɪŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thinking.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg/En-us-thinking.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mtacoġutʻyun",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "մտածողություն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "misǎl",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мисъл"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmišlenie",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "размишление"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "myšlení"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "přemýšlení"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "ajattelu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "ajatteleminen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "miete"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "mietintä"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pensamento"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "opinión"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ansicht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Denken"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mislenje",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мислење"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tenkning"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tenking"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "myšlenije",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мышление"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "citta",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "चित्त"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "talacuṭa",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "తలచుట"
},
{
"code": "xto",
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "mem"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "thinking, thought",
"word": "maim"
}
],
"word": "thinking"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -ing",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪŋkɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thenkinge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thenkinge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þinkynge"
},
"expansion": "þinkynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þenkynge"
},
"expansion": "þenkynge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þenchinde"
},
"expansion": "þenchinde",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þenċende"
},
"expansion": "Old English þenċende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þankijandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þankijandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þankijaną",
"t": "to think"
},
"expansion": "*þankijaną (“to think”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "think",
"3": "ing"
},
"expansion": "think + -ing",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "denkend",
"t": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "Dutch denkend (“thinking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "denkend",
"t": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "German denkend (“thinking”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tänkande",
"t": "thinking"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tänkande (“thinking”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thenkinge, þinkynge, þenkynge, þenchinde, from Old English þenċende, from Proto-Germanic *þankijandz, present participle of *þankijaną (“to think”), equivalent to think + -ing. Cognate with Dutch denkend (“thinking”), German denkend (“thinking”), Swedish tänkande (“thinking”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "thinking",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"think‧ing"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "big-sky thinking"
},
{
"word": "blue-sky thinking"
},
{
"word": "design thinking"
},
{
"word": "entrained thinking"
},
{
"word": "forward-thinking"
},
{
"word": "free-thinking"
},
{
"word": "good thinking"
},
{
"word": "hard of thinking"
},
{
"word": "lateral thinking"
},
{
"word": "magical thinking"
},
{
"word": "negativity thinking"
},
{
"word": "new political thinking"
},
{
"word": "new thinking"
},
{
"word": "not bear thinking about"
},
{
"word": "positive thinking"
},
{
"word": "right-thinking"
},
{
"word": "self-thinking"
},
{
"word": "thinking-cap"
},
{
"word": "thinking distance"
},
{
"word": "thinking machine"
},
{
"word": "thinking man's crumpet"
},
{
"word": "to one's way of thinking"
},
{
"word": "train of thinking"
},
{
"word": "tree thinking"
},
{
"word": "what was someone thinking"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I'm thinking about inventing a new perpetual-motion machine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "think"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of think"
],
"links": [
[
"think",
"think#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋkɪŋ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thinking.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg/En-us-thinking.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-thinking.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "thinking"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.