See step- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for step- meaning in English (10.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English step-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stēop-",
"4": "",
"5": "deprived of a relative, step-",
"pos": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "Old English stēop- (“deprived of a relative, step-”, prefix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*steupa-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *steupa-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*steupa-",
"4": "",
"5": "orphaned, step-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push, strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, strike”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "step-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Scots step- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stiep-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stiep- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stief-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stief- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "steef-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Low German steef- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stief-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "German stief- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "styv-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish styv- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stjúp-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stjúp- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stīepan",
"3": "",
"4": "to deprive, bereave"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīepan (“to deprive, bereave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "step"
},
"expansion": "step",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English step-, from Old English stēop- (“deprived of a relative, step-”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *steupa-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, strike”).\nCognate with Scots step- (“step-”), West Frisian stiep- (“step-”), Dutch stief- (“step-”), Low German steef- (“step-”), German stief- (“step-”), Swedish styv- (“step-”), Icelandic stjúp- (“step-”). Related to Old English stīepan (“to deprive, bereave”). Not, however, related to the familiar English noun or verb step.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "step-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "step-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bashkir terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent."
],
"id": "en-step--en-prefix-FoH2ZpNV",
"links": [
[
"blood relative",
"blood relative"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xortʿ",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "խորթ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ögey"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ügəy",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "үгәй"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-astre"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hòu",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "后"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biǎo",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "表"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ögey"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "sted-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "stief- (e.g. stiefdochter, stiefmoeder, stiefvader, stiefzoon)",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stjúk-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "-puoli (e.g. velipuoli)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "beau-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "bel-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "belle-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stief-"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chorég",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חורג"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "choréget",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חורגת"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sautelā",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "सौतेला"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sautelī",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "सौतेली"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stjúp-"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stif-"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stifa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "tiri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "leas-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-astro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astra"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-astra"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "kuwalon"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ögei",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "өгей"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "whakaangi"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ögaj",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ӧгай"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ste-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ste-"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stjúp-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-asto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-asta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "vitreg"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "(no prefix exists, there are special words)",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "for siblings",
"roman": "svódnyj",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "сво́дный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-astro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-astra"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "kambo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "styv-"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ügi",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "үги"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "üvey"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "öweý"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtif-",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "שטיפֿ־"
}
]
}
],
"word": "step-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English step-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stēop-",
"4": "",
"5": "deprived of a relative, step-",
"pos": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "Old English stēop- (“deprived of a relative, step-”, prefix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*steupa-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *steupa-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*steupa-",
"4": "",
"5": "orphaned, step-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push, strike"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, strike”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "step-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Scots step- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stiep-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stiep- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stief-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stief- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "steef-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Low German steef- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stief-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "German stief- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "styv-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Swedish styv- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stjúp-",
"3": "",
"4": "step-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stjúp- (“step-”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stīepan",
"3": "",
"4": "to deprive, bereave"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīepan (“to deprive, bereave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "step"
},
"expansion": "step",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English step-, from Old English stēop- (“deprived of a relative, step-”, prefix), from Proto-West Germanic *steupa-, from Proto-Germanic *steupa- (“orphaned, step-”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to push, strike”).\nCognate with Scots step- (“step-”), West Frisian stiep- (“step-”), Dutch stief- (“step-”), Low German steef- (“step-”), German stief- (“step-”), Swedish styv- (“step-”), Icelandic stjúp- (“step-”). Related to Old English stīepan (“to deprive, bereave”). Not, however, related to the familiar English noun or verb step.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "step-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "step-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bashkir terms with redundant script codes",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent."
],
"links": [
[
"blood relative",
"blood relative"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xortʿ",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "խորթ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ögey"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "ügəy",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "үгәй"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-astre"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hòu",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "后"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "biǎo",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "表"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ögey"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "sted-"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"note": "stief- (e.g. stiefdochter, stiefmoeder, stiefvader, stiefzoon)",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stjúk-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "-puoli (e.g. velipuoli)"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "beau-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "bel-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "belle-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stief-"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "chorég",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חורג"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "choréget",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חורגת"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sautelā",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "सौतेला"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sautelī",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "सौतेली"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stjúp-"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stif-"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stifa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "tiri"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "leas-"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-astro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astra"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-astra"
},
{
"code": "jv",
"lang": "Javanese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "kuwalon"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ögei",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "өгей"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "whakaangi"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ögaj",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ӧгай"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ste-"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "ste-"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "stjúp-"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-asto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-asta"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "vitreg"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "(no prefix exists, there are special words)",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "for siblings",
"roman": "svódnyj",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "сво́дный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-astro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-astra"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "kambo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "styv-"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "ügi",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "үги"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "üvey"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "öweý"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shtif-",
"sense": "prefix used to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative",
"word": "שטיפֿ־"
}
],
"word": "step-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (ee658f9 and be4df6b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.