"shad" meaning in English

See shad in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ʃæd/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shad.wav Forms: shad [plural], shads [plural]
Rhymes: -æd Etymology: From Middle English shadde, from Old English sceadd, possibly from Celtic (compare Scottish Gaelic sgadan (“herring”), Welsh ysgadan) or from Scandinavian/North Germanic (compare dialectal Norwegian skadd (“small whitefish”), Old Norse skata (“kind of fish”)), but the order of borrowing is unclear and the ultimate origin of these words is obscure. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|shadde}} Middle English shadde, {{inh|en|ang|sceadd}} Old English sceadd, {{der|en|cel|-}} Celtic, {{cog|gd|sgadan||herring}} Scottish Gaelic sgadan (“herring”), {{cog|cy|ysgadan}} Welsh ysgadan, {{der|en|gmq|-}} North Germanic, {{cog|no|skadd||small whitefish}} Norwegian skadd (“small whitefish”), {{cog|non|skata|t=kind of fish}} Old Norse skata (“kind of fish”) Head templates: {{en-noun|shad|s}} shad (plural shad or shads)
  1. Any one of several species of food fishes that make up the genus Alosa in the family Clupeidae, to which the herrings also belong; river herring. Categories (lifeform): Herrings, Percoid fish Translations (fishes of the herring family): شَابُل (šābul) [masculine] (Arabic), карагьоз (karagjoz) [masculine] (Bulgarian), alosa [feminine] (Catalan), elft [masculine] (Dutch), täpläsilli (Finnish), silli (Finnish), alose (French), sable [masculine] (Galician), Maifisch [masculine] (German), amerikai alóza (Hungarian), amerikai vándorhering (Hungarian), fint (Hungarian), sead f2 (Irish), agone [masculine] (Italian), alosa [feminine] (Italian), alsė (Lithuanian), Els [feminine] (Luxembourgish), Meefësch [masculine] (Luxembourgish), msamu [animate] (Mi'kmaq), samu [animate] (Mi'kmaq), sceadd (Old English), aloza (Polish), sável [masculine] (Portuguese), шэд (šɛd) [masculine] (Russian), alosa [feminine] (Spanish), sábalo [masculine] (Spanish), majfisk [common-gender] (Swedish), cá trích đầy mình (Vietnamese), gwangen [feminine] (Welsh), gwengyn [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-shad-en-noun-Uea3kuHA Disambiguation of Herrings: 70 30 Disambiguation of Percoid fish: 67 33 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Luxembourgish translations, Terms with Mi'kmaq translations, Terms with Old English translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Welsh translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 60 40 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 62 38 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 61 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 58 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 62 38 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 59 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 57 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 60 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 61 39 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 65 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 58 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 61 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 61 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Luxembourgish translations: 59 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Mi'kmaq translations: 59 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Old English translations: 57 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 64 36 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 61 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 64 36 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 63 37 Disambiguation of 'fishes of the herring family': 96 4
  2. (South Africa) Any bluefish of species Pomatomus saltatrix. Tags: South-Africa
    Sense id: en-shad-en-noun-grgjAx6b Categories (other): South African English, Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Swedish translations Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 44 56 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 55 45
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: Agrakhan shad (taxonomic: Alosa sphaerocephala), Alabama shad (taxonomic: Alosa alabamae), allis shad (taxonomic: Alosa alosa), American shad (taxonomic: Alosa sapidissima), Astrabad shad (taxonomic: Alosa caspia persica), Azov shad (taxonomic: Alosa tanaica), Black Sea shad (taxonomic: Alosa maeotica), Caspian anadromous shad (taxonomic: Alosa kessleri), Caspian marine shad (taxonomic: Alosa braschnikowi), Caspian shad (taxonomic: Alosa caspia caspia), Enzeli shad (taxonomic: Alosa caspia knipowitschi), European shad (taxonomic: Alosa fallax), gizzard shad (alt: Dorosoma spp. et al.), hickory shad (taxonomic: Alosa mediocris), Killarney shad (taxonomic: Alosa killarnensis), Kura shad (taxonomic: Alosa curensis), Laotian shad (taxonomic: Tenualosa thibaudeaui), Macedonia shad (taxonomic: Alosa macedonica), North African shad (taxonomic: Alosa algeriensis), Pontic shad (taxonomic: Alosa immaculata), Reeves' shad (taxonomic: Tenualosa reevesii), river shad (taxonomic: Alosa spp.), Saposhnikovi shad (taxonomic: Alosa saposchnikowii), shadbird, shadbush, shad bush (taxonomic: Amelanchier spp.), shad frog (taxonomic: Rana halecina), shad-spirit, shad-waiter (taxonomic: Prosopium cylindraceum), skipjack shad (taxonomic: Alosa chrysochloris), Toli shad (taxonomic: Tenualosa toli), Thracian shad (taxonomic: Alosa vistonica), twait shad, twaite shad (taxonomic: Alosa fallax), Volga shad (taxonomic: Alosa volgensis)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa sphaerocephala",
      "word": "Agrakhan shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa alabamae",
      "word": "Alabama shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa alosa",
      "word": "allis shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa sapidissima",
      "word": "American shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa caspia persica",
      "word": "Astrabad shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa tanaica",
      "word": "Azov shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa maeotica",
      "word": "Black Sea shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa kessleri",
      "word": "Caspian anadromous shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa braschnikowi",
      "word": "Caspian marine shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa caspia caspia",
      "word": "Caspian shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa caspia knipowitschi",
      "word": "Enzeli shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa fallax",
      "word": "European shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "Dorosoma spp. et al.",
      "word": "gizzard shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa mediocris",
      "word": "hickory shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa killarnensis",
      "word": "Killarney shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa curensis",
      "word": "Kura shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Tenualosa thibaudeaui",
      "word": "Laotian shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa macedonica",
      "word": "Macedonia shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa algeriensis",
      "word": "North African shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa immaculata",
      "word": "Pontic shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Tenualosa reevesii",
      "word": "Reeves' shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa spp.",
      "word": "river shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa saposchnikowii",
      "word": "Saposhnikovi shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "shadbird"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "shadbush"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Amelanchier spp.",
      "word": "shad bush"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Rana halecina",
      "word": "shad frog"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "shad-spirit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Prosopium cylindraceum",
      "word": "shad-waiter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa chrysochloris",
      "word": "skipjack shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Tenualosa toli",
      "word": "Toli shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa vistonica",
      "word": "Thracian shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "twait shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa fallax",
      "word": "twaite shad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Alosa volgensis",
      "word": "Volga shad"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "shadde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English shadde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sceadd"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sceadd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Celtic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "sgadan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "herring"
      },
      "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic sgadan (“herring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ysgadan"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ysgadan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmq",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "North Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "skadd",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small whitefish"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian skadd (“small whitefish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skata",
        "t": "kind of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skata (“kind of fish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English shadde, from Old English sceadd, possibly from Celtic (compare Scottish Gaelic sgadan (“herring”), Welsh ysgadan) or from Scandinavian/North Germanic (compare dialectal Norwegian skadd (“small whitefish”), Old Norse skata (“kind of fish”)), but the order of borrowing is unclear and the ultimate origin of these words is obscure.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shad",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shads",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "shad",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "shad (plural shad or shads)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "60 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
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          "_dis": "60 40",
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          "_dis": "61 39",
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          "_dis": "56 44",
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          "_dis": "65 35",
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          "_dis": "58 42",
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          "_dis": "61 39",
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          "_dis": "61 39",
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        {
          "_dis": "64 36",
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        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
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        {
          "_dis": "61 39",
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          "_dis": "64 36",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Herrings",
          "orig": "en:Herrings",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Otocephalan fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Percoid fish",
          "orig": "en:Percoid fish",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2003, Gabriel García Márquez, chapter 1, in Edith Grossman, transl., Living to Tell the Tale:",
          "text": "Each river had its village and its iron bridge that the train crossed with a blast of its whistle, and the girls bathing in the icy water leaped like shad as it passed, unsettling travelers with their fleeting breasts.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any one of several species of food fishes that make up the genus Alosa in the family Clupeidae, to which the herrings also belong; river herring."
      ],
      "id": "en-shad-en-noun-Uea3kuHA",
      "links": [
        [
          "Alosa",
          "Alosa#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Clupeidae",
          "Clupeidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "herring",
          "herring"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šābul",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "شَابُل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "karagjoz",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "карагьоз"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "alosa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "elft"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "täpläsilli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "silli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "alose"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sable"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Maifisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "amerikai alóza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "amerikai vándorhering"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "fint"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "sead f2"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "agone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "alosa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "alsė"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Els"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Meefësch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mic",
          "lang": "Mi'kmaq",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "animate"
          ],
          "word": "msamu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mic",
          "lang": "Mi'kmaq",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "animate"
          ],
          "word": "samu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "sceadd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "aloza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sável"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "šɛd",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шэд"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "alosa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sábalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "majfisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "word": "cá trích đầy mình"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gwangen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gwengyn"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "South African English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any bluefish of species Pomatomus saltatrix."
      ],
      "id": "en-shad-en-noun-grgjAx6b",
      "links": [
        [
          "bluefish",
          "bluefish"
        ],
        [
          "Pomatomus saltatrix",
          "Pomatomus saltatrix#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(South Africa) Any bluefish of species Pomatomus saltatrix."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "South-Africa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃæd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shad"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms derived from Celtic languages",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/æd",
    "Rhymes:English/æd/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
    "Terms with Mi'kmaq translations",
    "Terms with Old English translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "en:Herrings",
    "en:Percoid fish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa sphaerocephala",
      "word": "Agrakhan shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa alabamae",
      "word": "Alabama shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa alosa",
      "word": "allis shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa sapidissima",
      "word": "American shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa caspia persica",
      "word": "Astrabad shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa tanaica",
      "word": "Azov shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa maeotica",
      "word": "Black Sea shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa kessleri",
      "word": "Caspian anadromous shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa braschnikowi",
      "word": "Caspian marine shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa caspia caspia",
      "word": "Caspian shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa caspia knipowitschi",
      "word": "Enzeli shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa fallax",
      "word": "European shad"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Dorosoma spp. et al.",
      "word": "gizzard shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa mediocris",
      "word": "hickory shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa killarnensis",
      "word": "Killarney shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa curensis",
      "word": "Kura shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Tenualosa thibaudeaui",
      "word": "Laotian shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa macedonica",
      "word": "Macedonia shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa algeriensis",
      "word": "North African shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa immaculata",
      "word": "Pontic shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Tenualosa reevesii",
      "word": "Reeves' shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa spp.",
      "word": "river shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa saposchnikowii",
      "word": "Saposhnikovi shad"
    },
    {
      "word": "shadbird"
    },
    {
      "word": "shadbush"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Amelanchier spp.",
      "word": "shad bush"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Rana halecina",
      "word": "shad frog"
    },
    {
      "word": "shad-spirit"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Prosopium cylindraceum",
      "word": "shad-waiter"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa chrysochloris",
      "word": "skipjack shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Tenualosa toli",
      "word": "Toli shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa vistonica",
      "word": "Thracian shad"
    },
    {
      "word": "twait shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa fallax",
      "word": "twaite shad"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Alosa volgensis",
      "word": "Volga shad"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "shadde"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English shadde",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sceadd"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sceadd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Celtic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "sgadan",
        "3": "",
        "4": "herring"
      },
      "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic sgadan (“herring”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ysgadan"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ysgadan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmq",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "North Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "skadd",
        "3": "",
        "4": "small whitefish"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian skadd (“small whitefish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skata",
        "t": "kind of fish"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skata (“kind of fish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English shadde, from Old English sceadd, possibly from Celtic (compare Scottish Gaelic sgadan (“herring”), Welsh ysgadan) or from Scandinavian/North Germanic (compare dialectal Norwegian skadd (“small whitefish”), Old Norse skata (“kind of fish”)), but the order of borrowing is unclear and the ultimate origin of these words is obscure.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "shad",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shads",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "shad",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "shad (plural shad or shads)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2003, Gabriel García Márquez, chapter 1, in Edith Grossman, transl., Living to Tell the Tale:",
          "text": "Each river had its village and its iron bridge that the train crossed with a blast of its whistle, and the girls bathing in the icy water leaped like shad as it passed, unsettling travelers with their fleeting breasts.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any one of several species of food fishes that make up the genus Alosa in the family Clupeidae, to which the herrings also belong; river herring."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Alosa",
          "Alosa#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Clupeidae",
          "Clupeidae#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "herring",
          "herring"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "South African English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any bluefish of species Pomatomus saltatrix."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bluefish",
          "bluefish"
        ],
        [
          "Pomatomus saltatrix",
          "Pomatomus saltatrix#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(South Africa) Any bluefish of species Pomatomus saltatrix."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "South-Africa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃæd/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-shad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-shad.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æd"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šābul",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "شَابُل"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "karagjoz",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "карагьоз"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "alosa"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "elft"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "täpläsilli"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "silli"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "alose"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sable"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Maifisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "amerikai alóza"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "amerikai vándorhering"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "fint"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "sead f2"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "agone"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "alosa"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "alsė"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Els"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Meefësch"
    },
    {
      "code": "mic",
      "lang": "Mi'kmaq",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "animate"
      ],
      "word": "msamu"
    },
    {
      "code": "mic",
      "lang": "Mi'kmaq",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "animate"
      ],
      "word": "samu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "sceadd"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "aloza"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sável"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "šɛd",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шэд"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "alosa"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sábalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "majfisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "word": "cá trích đầy mình"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gwangen"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "fishes of the herring family",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gwengyn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "shad"
}

Download raw JSONL data for shad meaning in English (9.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Irish: 'sead f2', originally 'sead f2'",
  "path": [
    "shad"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "shad",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "translations/611",
  "msg": "suspicious translation with ' f2': {'lang': 'Irish', 'code': 'ga', 'sense': 'fishes of the herring family', 'word': 'sead f2'}",
  "path": [
    "shad"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "shad",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.