See run-in in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for run-in meaning in English (6.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run into"
},
"expansion": "run into",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run into.\nFor the meaning \"end-phase\", it presumably comes a marathon race, where in the final part the runners run into the stadium and complete a lap.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "run-ins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "run-in (plural run-ins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Pamela Morsi, Suburban Renewal, page 95",
"text": "During that time he had two more run-ins with the law. One involved the sale of stolen property. The other was for a series of hot checks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An encounter; a scrape or brush, especially one involving trouble or difficulty."
],
"id": "en-run-in-en-noun-EkaDbTGM",
"links": [
[
"encounter",
"encounter"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
],
[
"brush",
"brush"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cic",
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
"word": "ittafama"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stýčka",
"sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сты́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
"word": "encontronazo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Yahoo Sport's Leicester City blogger Helen Nutter gets ready for the Premier League run-in knowing her side - incredibly - still have a great chance of being crowned champions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704",
"text": "But despite its plague of tunnels, the run-in on this route is of unusual interest to the locomotive enthusiast: besides the hordes of self-important saddle-tanks shunting in the extensive yards, there was at one time the chance of seeing those slender little North London engines, with their large outside cylinders and no visible storage place for coal, and also an occasional South Eastern locomotive sporting a lot of polished brass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The end-phase of a competition etc."
],
"id": "en-run-in-en-noun-Hc18k7DI",
"links": [
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"phase",
"phase"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "end-phase of a competition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finale"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "run-in"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run in"
},
"expansion": "run in",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run in.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more run-in",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most run-in",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "more",
"sup": "most run-in"
},
"expansion": "run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "free-hanging"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Typography",
"orig": "en:Typography",
"parents": [
"Printing",
"Writing",
"Industries",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Business",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Economics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 32 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 36 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 36 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These headings are of the run-in type because a free-hanging style would just be a waste of column inches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
],
"id": "en-run-in-en-adj-FnwEtRtL",
"links": [
[
"participial adjective",
"participial adjective"
],
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"comparable",
"comparable#English:_grammar"
],
[
"run in",
"#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"error-misspelling",
"not-comparable",
"participle",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"editing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"typography",
"writing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Engineering",
"orig": "en:Engineering",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A well run-in engine is likelier to consume less crankcase oil over the course of its working life.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
],
"id": "en-run-in-en-adj-Gry8qaTC",
"links": [
[
"participial adjective",
"participial adjective"
],
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"comparable",
"comparable#English:_grammar"
],
[
"run in",
"#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(participial adjective; mechanical, engineering) (sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "broken in"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"error-misspelling",
"not-comparable",
"participle",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"mechanical",
"mechanical-engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "run-in"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English phrasal nouns",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run into"
},
"expansion": "run into",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run into.\nFor the meaning \"end-phase\", it presumably comes a marathon race, where in the final part the runners run into the stadium and complete a lap.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "run-ins",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "run-in (plural run-ins)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Pamela Morsi, Suburban Renewal, page 95",
"text": "During that time he had two more run-ins with the law. One involved the sale of stolen property. The other was for a series of hot checks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An encounter; a scrape or brush, especially one involving trouble or difficulty."
],
"links": [
[
"encounter",
"encounter"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
],
[
"brush",
"brush"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Yahoo Sport's Leicester City blogger Helen Nutter gets ready for the Premier League run-in knowing her side - incredibly - still have a great chance of being crowned champions",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704",
"text": "But despite its plague of tunnels, the run-in on this route is of unusual interest to the locomotive enthusiast: besides the hordes of self-important saddle-tanks shunting in the extensive yards, there was at one time the chance of seeing those slender little North London engines, with their large outside cylinders and no visible storage place for coal, and also an occasional South Eastern locomotive sporting a lot of polished brass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The end-phase of a competition etc."
],
"links": [
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"phase",
"phase"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cic",
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
"word": "ittafama"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stýčka",
"sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сты́чка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
"word": "encontronazo"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "end-phase of a competition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "finale"
}
],
"word": "run-in"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English phrasal nouns",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "run in"
},
"expansion": "run in",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run in.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more run-in",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most run-in",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "more",
"sup": "most run-in"
},
"expansion": "run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "free-hanging"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Typography"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These headings are of the run-in type because a free-hanging style would just be a waste of column inches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
],
"links": [
[
"participial adjective",
"participial adjective"
],
[
"typography",
"typography"
],
[
"comparable",
"comparable#English:_grammar"
],
[
"run in",
"#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"error-misspelling",
"not-comparable",
"participle",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"editing",
"journalism",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"typography",
"writing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Engineering"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A well run-in engine is likelier to consume less crankcase oil over the course of its working life.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
],
"links": [
[
"participial adjective",
"participial adjective"
],
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
],
[
"comparable",
"comparable#English:_grammar"
],
[
"run in",
"#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(participial adjective; mechanical, engineering) (sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "broken in"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"error-misspelling",
"not-comparable",
"participle",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"mechanical",
"mechanical-engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "run-in"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.