"run-in" meaning in All languages combined

See run-in on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

Audio: en-us-run-in.ogg Forms: more run-in [comparative], most run-in [superlative]
Etymology: Derived from the verb run in. Head templates: {{en-adj|-|more|sup=most run-in}} run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)
  1. (participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text. Tags: adjective, error-misspelling, not-comparable, participle, usually Categories (topical): Typography
    Sense id: en-run-in-en-adj-FnwEtRtL Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 51 31 16 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 56 23 20 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 62 20 18 1 Topics: communications, editing, journalism, literature, media, publishing, typography, writing
  2. (participial adjective; mechanical, engineering) (sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts. Tags: adjective, error-misspelling, not-comparable, participle, usually Categories (topical): Engineering Synonyms: broken in
    Sense id: en-run-in-en-adj-Gry8qaTC Topics: engineering, mechanical, mechanical-engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [English]

Audio: en-us-run-in.ogg Forms: run-ins [plural]
Etymology: Derived from the verb run into. For the meaning "end-phase", it presumably comes a marathon race, where in the final part the runners run into the stadium and complete a lap. Head templates: {{en-noun}} run-in (plural run-ins)
  1. An encounter; a scrape or brush, especially one involving trouble or difficulty. Translations (an encounter; a scrape or brush): ittafama (Chickasaw), сты́чка (stýčka) [feminine] (Russian), encontronazo (Spanish), roce [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-run-in-en-noun-EkaDbTGM Categories (other): Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Chickasaw translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 87 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Chickasaw translations: 82 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 86 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 85 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 90 10 Disambiguation of 'an encounter; a scrape or brush': 99 1
  2. The end-phase of a competition etc. Translations (end-phase of a competition): finale [feminine] (Dutch)
    Sense id: en-run-in-en-noun-Hc18k7DI Disambiguation of 'end-phase of a competition': 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run into.\nFor the meaning \"end-phase\", it presumably comes a marathon race, where in the final part the runners run into the stadium and complete a lap.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "run-ins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "run-in (plural run-ins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Chickasaw translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004, Pamela Morsi, Suburban Renewal, page 95:",
          "text": "During that time he had two more run-ins with the law. One involved the sale of stolen property. The other was for a series of hot checks.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An encounter; a scrape or brush, especially one involving trouble or difficulty."
      ],
      "id": "en-run-in-en-noun-EkaDbTGM",
      "links": [
        [
          "encounter",
          "encounter"
        ],
        [
          "scrape",
          "scrape"
        ],
        [
          "brush",
          "brush"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "difficulty",
          "difficulty"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cic",
          "lang": "Chickasaw",
          "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
          "word": "ittafama"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stýčka",
          "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "сты́чка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
          "word": "encontronazo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "roce"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Yahoo Sport's Leicester City blogger Helen Nutter gets ready for the Premier League run-in knowing her side - incredibly - still have a great chance of being crowned champions",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704:",
          "text": "But despite its plague of tunnels, the run-in on this route is of unusual interest to the locomotive enthusiast: besides the hordes of self-important saddle-tanks shunting in the extensive yards, there was at one time the chance of seeing those slender little North London engines, with their large outside cylinders and no visible storage place for coal, and also an occasional South Eastern locomotive sporting a lot of polished brass.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The end-phase of a competition etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-run-in-en-noun-Hc18k7DI",
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "phase",
          "phase"
        ],
        [
          "competition",
          "competition"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "end-phase of a competition",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "finale"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "run-in"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run in.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more run-in",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most run-in",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "more",
        "sup": "most run-in"
      },
      "expansion": "run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "free-hanging"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Typography",
          "orig": "en:Typography",
          "parents": [
            "Printing",
            "Writing",
            "Industries",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Business",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "51 31 16 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 23 20 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 20 18 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "These headings are of the run-in type because a free-hanging style would just be a waste of column inches.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
      ],
      "id": "en-run-in-en-adj-FnwEtRtL",
      "links": [
        [
          "participial adjective",
          "participial adjective"
        ],
        [
          "typography",
          "typography"
        ],
        [
          "comparable",
          "comparable#English:_grammar"
        ],
        [
          "run in",
          "#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "error-misspelling",
        "not-comparable",
        "participle",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "communications",
        "editing",
        "journalism",
        "literature",
        "media",
        "publishing",
        "typography",
        "writing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Engineering",
          "orig": "en:Engineering",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "A well run-in engine is likelier to consume less crankcase oil over the course of its working life.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
      ],
      "id": "en-run-in-en-adj-Gry8qaTC",
      "links": [
        [
          "participial adjective",
          "participial adjective"
        ],
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "comparable",
          "comparable#English:_grammar"
        ],
        [
          "run in",
          "#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(participial adjective; mechanical, engineering) (sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "broken in"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "error-misspelling",
        "not-comparable",
        "participle",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "mechanical",
        "mechanical-engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "run-in"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English nouns",
    "English phrasal nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Terms with Chickasaw translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run into.\nFor the meaning \"end-phase\", it presumably comes a marathon race, where in the final part the runners run into the stadium and complete a lap.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "run-ins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "run-in (plural run-ins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2004, Pamela Morsi, Suburban Renewal, page 95:",
          "text": "During that time he had two more run-ins with the law. One involved the sale of stolen property. The other was for a series of hot checks.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An encounter; a scrape or brush, especially one involving trouble or difficulty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "encounter",
          "encounter"
        ],
        [
          "scrape",
          "scrape"
        ],
        [
          "brush",
          "brush"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "difficulty",
          "difficulty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Yahoo Sport's Leicester City blogger Helen Nutter gets ready for the Premier League run-in knowing her side - incredibly - still have a great chance of being crowned champions",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704:",
          "text": "But despite its plague of tunnels, the run-in on this route is of unusual interest to the locomotive enthusiast: besides the hordes of self-important saddle-tanks shunting in the extensive yards, there was at one time the chance of seeing those slender little North London engines, with their large outside cylinders and no visible storage place for coal, and also an occasional South Eastern locomotive sporting a lot of polished brass.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The end-phase of a competition etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ],
        [
          "phase",
          "phase"
        ],
        [
          "competition",
          "competition"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cic",
      "lang": "Chickasaw",
      "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
      "word": "ittafama"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stýčka",
      "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "сты́чка"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
      "word": "encontronazo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "an encounter; a scrape or brush",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "roce"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "end-phase of a competition",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "finale"
    }
  ],
  "word": "run-in"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English phrasal nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_text": "Derived from the verb run in.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more run-in",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most run-in",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "more",
        "sup": "most run-in"
      },
      "expansion": "run-in (not generally comparable, comparative more run-in, superlative most run-in)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "free-hanging"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Typography"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "These headings are of the run-in type because a free-hanging style would just be a waste of column inches.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "participial adjective",
          "participial adjective"
        ],
        [
          "typography",
          "typography"
        ],
        [
          "comparable",
          "comparable#English:_grammar"
        ],
        [
          "run in",
          "#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(participial adjective; editing, typography) (not comparable) Having been run in before or behind previous text."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "error-misspelling",
        "not-comparable",
        "participle",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "communications",
        "editing",
        "journalism",
        "literature",
        "media",
        "publishing",
        "typography",
        "writing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Engineering"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "A well run-in engine is likelier to consume less crankcase oil over the course of its working life.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "(sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "participial adjective",
          "participial adjective"
        ],
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "comparable",
          "comparable#English:_grammar"
        ],
        [
          "run in",
          "#Verb"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(participial adjective; mechanical, engineering) (sometimes comparable) Having been run in to seat the parts."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "broken in"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "error-misspelling",
        "not-comparable",
        "participle",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "mechanical",
        "mechanical-engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-us-run-in.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg/En-us-run-in.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/En-us-run-in.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "run-in"
}

Download raw JSONL data for run-in meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.