See roughness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for roughness meaning in English (6.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "macroroughness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "microroughness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nanoroughness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "roughness length"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "roughnes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roughnes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roughnesse"
},
"expansion": "roughnesse",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "rough + -ness",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēohnes",
"t": "roughtness"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roughnes, roughnesse, equivalent to rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roughnesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "roughness (countable and uncountable, plural roughnesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The roughness of the road made me wonder if my car would fall apart."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The property of being rough, coarseness."
],
"id": "en-roughness-en-noun-EqRaq1P~",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"coarseness",
"coarseness"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "ragkot"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grapavost",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грапавост"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neravnost",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "неравност"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrubost"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "maltrankvileco"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rauheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Grobheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trakhútēs",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τραχύτης"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asperitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raupjums"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "negludums"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "rupjums"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rupjība"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asprime"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "asperitate"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátostʹ",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шерохова́тость"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aspereza"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Klaus Bange, “Surfaces of Substrate Glasses”, in Thin Films on Glass, Springer Science & Business Media, page 101",
"text": "A variety of suitable methods for surface inspection are available to detect topographical defects induced by surface roughnesses such as scratches, digs, inclusions and spatters.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something that is rough; a rough spot."
],
"id": "en-roughness-en-noun-lOCi-a6G",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Southern Cultivator, volume 13, page 258",
"text": "With this latter implement, the corn stalk fodder, shucks, oats, hay and other \"roughness\" may be finely cut up […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Roughage; coarse fodder."
],
"id": "en-roughness-en-noun-AGP9gbdp",
"links": [
[
"Roughage",
"roughage"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"fodder",
"fodder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) Roughage; coarse fodder."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 33 47 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 37 47 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Abundance, especially of food."
],
"id": "en-roughness-en-noun-HppPneQT",
"links": [
[
"Abundance",
"abundance"
],
[
"food",
"food"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Abundance, especially of food."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Engineering",
"orig": "en:Engineering",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The surface roughness was low."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface"
],
"id": "en-roughness-en-noun-NptwCZBG",
"links": [
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, engineering) A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface"
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-roughness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roughness"
],
"word": "roughness"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "macroroughness"
},
{
"word": "microroughness"
},
{
"word": "nanoroughness"
},
{
"word": "roughness length"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "roughnes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roughnes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roughnesse"
},
"expansion": "roughnesse",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "rough + -ness",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrēohnes",
"t": "roughtness"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English roughnes, roughnesse, equivalent to rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "roughnesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "roughness (countable and uncountable, plural roughnesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "The roughness of the road made me wonder if my car would fall apart."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The property of being rough, coarseness."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"coarseness",
"coarseness"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Klaus Bange, “Surfaces of Substrate Glasses”, in Thin Films on Glass, Springer Science & Business Media, page 101",
"text": "A variety of suitable methods for surface inspection are available to detect topographical defects induced by surface roughnesses such as scratches, digs, inclusions and spatters.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something that is rough; a rough spot."
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Southern Cultivator, volume 13, page 258",
"text": "With this latter implement, the corn stalk fodder, shucks, oats, hay and other \"roughness\" may be finely cut up […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Roughage; coarse fodder."
],
"links": [
[
"Roughage",
"roughage"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"fodder",
"fodder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US) Roughage; coarse fodder."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"Abundance, especially of food."
],
"links": [
[
"Abundance",
"abundance"
],
[
"food",
"food"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) Abundance, especially of food."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Engineering"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The surface roughness was low."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface"
],
"links": [
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, engineering) A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface"
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-roughness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "ragkot"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grapavost",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грапавост"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neravnost",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "неравност"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hrubost"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "maltrankvileco"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rauheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Grobheit"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trakhútēs",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τραχύτης"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asperitās"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raupjums"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "negludums"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "rupjums"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rupjība"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "asprime"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"word": "asperitate"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátostʹ",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шерохова́тость"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "property of being rough",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aspereza"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"roughness"
],
"word": "roughness"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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