See roughness on Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "macroroughness" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "microroughness" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "nanoroughness" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "roughness length" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "roughnes" }, "expansion": "Middle English roughnes", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "rough", "3": "ness" }, "expansion": "rough + -ness", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "hrēohnes", "t": "roughtness" }, "expansion": "Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”)", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English roughnes, roughnesse, equivalent to rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”).", "forms": [ { "form": "roughnesses", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "roughness (countable and uncountable, plural roughnesses)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "The roughness of the road made me wonder if my car would fall apart.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "The property of being rough, coarseness." ], "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-EqRaq1P~", "links": [ [ "rough", "rough" ], [ "coarseness", "coarseness" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "bcl", "lang": "Bikol Central", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "ragkot" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "grapavost", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "грапавост" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "neravnost", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "неравност" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "hrubost" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "maltrankvileco" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Rauheit" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Grobheit" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "trakhútēs", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "τραχύτης" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "asperitās" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "raupjums" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "negludums" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "rupjums" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "rupjība" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "asprime" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "asperitate" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šeroxovátostʹ", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "шерохова́тость" }, { "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "aspereza" } ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "2003, Klaus Bange, “Surfaces of Substrate Glasses”, in Thin Films on Glass, Springer Science & Business Media, page 101:", "text": "A variety of suitable methods for surface inspection are available to detect topographical defects induced by surface roughnesses such as scratches, digs, inclusions and spatters.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Something that is rough; a rough spot." ], "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-lOCi-a6G", "links": [ [ "rough", "rough" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "American English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "3 3 43 38 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1855, Southern Cultivator, volume 13, page 258:", "text": "With this latter implement, the corn stalk fodder, shucks, oats, hay and other \"roughness\" may be finely cut up […]", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Roughage; coarse fodder." ], "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-AGP9gbdp", "links": [ [ "Roughage", "roughage" ], [ "coarse", "coarse" ], [ "fodder", "fodder" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(US) Roughage; coarse fodder." ], "tags": [ "US", "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Scottish English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "1 1 31 50 17", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 35 49 12", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ness", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 12 75 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 19 63 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 12 71 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 3 43 38 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 0 13 80 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 33 55 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 34 53 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Czech translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 34 56 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 3 18 68 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 16 69 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Latin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 33 54 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Latvian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 33 54 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Romanian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 15 72 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 1 13 75 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Abundance, especially of food." ], "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-HppPneQT", "links": [ [ "Abundance", "abundance" ], [ "food", "food" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(Scotland) Abundance, especially of food." ], "tags": [ "Scotland", "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Engineering", "orig": "en:Engineering", "parents": [ "Applied sciences", "Technology", "Sciences", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "3 3 43 38 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "The surface roughness was low.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface" ], "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-NptwCZBG", "links": [ [ "engineering", "engineering#Noun" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable, engineering) A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface" ], "tags": [ "countable" ], "topics": [ "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-roughness.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "roughness" ], "word": "roughness" }
{ "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms suffixed with -ness", "English uncountable nouns", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Bikol Central translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations" ], "derived": [ { "word": "macroroughness" }, { "word": "microroughness" }, { "word": "nanoroughness" }, { "word": "roughness length" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "roughnes" }, "expansion": "Middle English roughnes", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "rough", "3": "ness" }, "expansion": "rough + -ness", "name": "suf" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "hrēohnes", "t": "roughtness" }, "expansion": "Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”)", "name": "ncog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English roughnes, roughnesse, equivalent to rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”).", "forms": [ { "form": "roughnesses", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "roughness (countable and uncountable, plural roughnesses)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "The roughness of the road made me wonder if my car would fall apart.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "The property of being rough, coarseness." ], "links": [ [ "rough", "rough" ], [ "coarseness", "coarseness" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2003, Klaus Bange, “Surfaces of Substrate Glasses”, in Thin Films on Glass, Springer Science & Business Media, page 101:", "text": "A variety of suitable methods for surface inspection are available to detect topographical defects induced by surface roughnesses such as scratches, digs, inclusions and spatters.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Something that is rough; a rough spot." ], "links": [ [ "rough", "rough" ] ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "American English", "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1855, Southern Cultivator, volume 13, page 258:", "text": "With this latter implement, the corn stalk fodder, shucks, oats, hay and other \"roughness\" may be finely cut up […]", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Roughage; coarse fodder." ], "links": [ [ "Roughage", "roughage" ], [ "coarse", "coarse" ], [ "fodder", "fodder" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(US) Roughage; coarse fodder." ], "tags": [ "US", "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "Scottish English" ], "glosses": [ "Abundance, especially of food." ], "links": [ [ "Abundance", "abundance" ], [ "food", "food" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(Scotland) Abundance, especially of food." ], "tags": [ "Scotland", "countable", "uncountable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with usage examples", "en:Engineering" ], "examples": [ { "text": "The surface roughness was low.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface" ], "links": [ [ "engineering", "engineering#Noun" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(countable, engineering) A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface" ], "tags": [ "countable" ], "topics": [ "engineering", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-roughness.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-roughness.wav.ogg" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "bcl", "lang": "Bikol Central", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "ragkot" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "grapavost", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "грапавост" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "neravnost", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "неравност" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "hrubost" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "maltrankvileco" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Rauheit" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Grobheit" }, { "code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "trakhútēs", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "τραχύτης" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "asperitās" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "raupjums" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "negludums" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "rupjums" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "rupjība" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "asprime" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "property of being rough", "word": "asperitate" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "šeroxovátostʹ", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "шерохова́тость" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "property of being rough", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "aspereza" } ], "wikipedia": [ "roughness" ], "word": "roughness" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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