"roughness" meaning in All languages combined

See roughness on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-roughness.wav Forms: roughnesses [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English roughnes, roughnesse, equivalent to rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|roughnes}} Middle English roughnes, {{suf|en|rough|ness}} rough + -ness, {{ncog|ang|hrēohnes|t=roughtness}} Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} roughness (countable and uncountable, plural roughnesses)
  1. The property of being rough, coarseness. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (property of being rough): τραχύτης (trakhútēs) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), ragkot (Bikol Central), грапавост (grapavost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), неравност (neravnost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), hrubost [feminine] (Czech), maltrankvileco (Esperanto), Rauheit [feminine] (German), Grobheit [feminine] (German), asperitās [feminine] (Latin), raupjums [masculine] (Latvian), negludums [masculine] (Latvian), rupjums (Latvian), rupjība [feminine] (Latvian), asprime [feminine] (Romanian), asperitate (Romanian), шерохова́тость (šeroxovátostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), aspereza [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-roughness-en-noun-EqRaq1P~ Disambiguation of 'property of being rough': 70 15 5 0 9
  2. Something that is rough; a rough spot. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-roughness-en-noun-lOCi-a6G
  3. (US) Roughage; coarse fodder. Tags: US, countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-roughness-en-noun-AGP9gbdp Categories (other): American English, Terms with Ancient Greek translations Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 3 3 43 38 13
  4. (Scotland) Abundance, especially of food. Tags: Scotland, countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-roughness-en-noun-HppPneQT Categories (other): Scottish English, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ness, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Bikol Central translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 31 50 17 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ness: 2 2 35 49 12 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 2 2 12 75 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 2 2 19 63 15 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 2 12 71 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 3 3 43 38 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Bikol Central translations: 0 0 13 80 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 2 2 33 55 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 2 2 34 53 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 2 2 34 56 7 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 3 3 18 68 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 2 2 16 69 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 2 2 33 54 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 2 2 33 54 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 2 2 15 72 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 1 1 13 75 9
  5. (countable, engineering) A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface Tags: countable Categories (topical): Engineering
    Sense id: en-roughness-en-noun-NptwCZBG Categories (other): Terms with Ancient Greek translations Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 3 3 43 38 13 Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: macroroughness, microroughness, nanoroughness, roughness length

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "macroroughness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "microroughness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nanoroughness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "roughness length"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "enm",
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      "expansion": "Middle English roughnes",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rough",
        "3": "ness"
      },
      "expansion": "rough + -ness",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hrēohnes",
        "t": "roughtness"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English roughnes, roughnesse, equivalent to rough + -ness. Compare Old English hrēohnes (“roughtness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "roughnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "name": "en-noun"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The roughness of the road made me wonder if my car would fall apart.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
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        "The property of being rough, coarseness."
      ],
      "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-EqRaq1P~",
      "links": [
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "coarseness",
          "coarseness"
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      ],
      "tags": [
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        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "bcl",
          "lang": "Bikol Central",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "word": "ragkot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "grapavost",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "грапавост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "neravnost",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "неравност"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "hrubost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "word": "maltrankvileco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Rauheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Grobheit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "trakhútēs",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "τραχύτης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "asperitās"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "raupjums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "negludums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "word": "rupjums"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rupjība"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "asprime"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "word": "asperitate"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "šeroxovátostʹ",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "шерохова́тость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 15 5 0 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "property of being rough",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aspereza"
        }
      ]
    },
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        {
          "ref": "2003, Klaus Bange, “Surfaces of Substrate Glasses”, in Thin Films on Glass, Springer Science & Business Media, page 101:",
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          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
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        "Something that is rough; a rough spot."
      ],
      "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-lOCi-a6G",
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          "rough"
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          "text": "With this latter implement, the corn stalk fodder, shucks, oats, hay and other \"roughness\" may be finely cut up […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Roughage; coarse fodder."
      ],
      "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-AGP9gbdp",
      "links": [
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          "Roughage",
          "roughage"
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        [
          "coarse",
          "coarse"
        ],
        [
          "fodder",
          "fodder"
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) Roughage; coarse fodder."
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      "glosses": [
        "Abundance, especially of food."
      ],
      "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-HppPneQT",
      "links": [
        [
          "Abundance",
          "abundance"
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        [
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          "food"
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Scotland) Abundance, especially of food."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Scotland",
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
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          "orig": "en:Engineering",
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            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
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            "Fundamental"
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        {
          "text": "The surface roughness was low.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface"
      ],
      "id": "en-roughness-en-noun-NptwCZBG",
      "links": [
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, engineering) A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
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  "wikipedia": [
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  "word": "roughness"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ness",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
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    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Bikol Central translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "macroroughness"
    },
    {
      "word": "microroughness"
    },
    {
      "word": "nanoroughness"
    },
    {
      "word": "roughness length"
    }
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          "type": "example"
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        "The property of being rough, coarseness."
      ],
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        "Something that is rough; a rough spot."
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        "uncountable"
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Roughage; coarse fodder."
      ],
      "links": [
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          "Roughage",
          "roughage"
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        [
          "coarse",
          "coarse"
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) Roughage; coarse fodder."
      ],
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        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
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        "(Scotland) Abundance, especially of food."
      ],
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        "countable",
        "uncountable"
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    },
    {
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        "en:Engineering"
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          "text": "The surface roughness was low.",
          "type": "example"
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      "glosses": [
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      ],
      "links": [
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        "(countable, engineering) A measure of how rough something is, such as a surface"
      ],
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        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
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  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bcl",
      "lang": "Bikol Central",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "word": "ragkot"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "grapavost",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "грапавост"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "neravnost",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "неравност"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "hrubost"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "word": "maltrankvileco"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Rauheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Grobheit"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "trakhútēs",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "τραχύτης"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "asperitās"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "raupjums"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "negludums"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "word": "rupjums"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rupjība"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "asprime"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "word": "asperitate"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "šeroxovátostʹ",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "шерохова́тость"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "property of being rough",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aspereza"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "roughness"
  ],
  "word": "roughness"
}

Download raw JSONL data for roughness meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.