See repulse in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chemorepulse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "repulser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "repulsor"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:repulsen<ety:lbor<la:repulsus<ety:from<repellō>>>>",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "re-",
"6": "pulse",
"id": "to repel",
"text": "*"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"again\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wre-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"push, drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pelh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nasal infix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-né-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pelnō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repulsus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"repulsen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*wre-<id:again>\", \"id\" : \"back\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pulse\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"repulse\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to repel\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"repulse\" id=\"English:_to_repel\">\nInherited from Middle English repulsen, a learned borrowing from Latin repulsus, from repellō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English repulsen, a learned borrowing from Latin repulsus, from repellō.\nFor spelling, as in pulse, the -e (on -lse) is so the end is pronounced /ls/, rather than /lz/ as in pulls, and does not change the vowel (‘u’). Compare else, false, convulse.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "repulses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "repulsing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "repulsed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "repulsed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "repulse (third-person singular simple present repulses, present participle repulsing, simple past and past participle repulsed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"re",
"pulse"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "repulsor beam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "repulsor ray"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "43 29 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with re-",
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{
"_dis": "45 29 27",
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{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
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"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 31 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 28 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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3,
10
],
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26,
33
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],
"tags": [
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],
"text": "to repulse an assault; to repulse the enemy",
"type": "example"
},
{
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14,
21
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179,
186
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],
"ref": "1939 December 5, J. W. Studebaker, Democracy Shall Not Be Plowed Under, page 9:",
"text": "If we fail to repulse the enemy within the gates--unemployment, poverty, disorganized agriculture and the like--from whence may we expect the united strength and clear purpose to repulse any outside force?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repel or drive back."
],
"id": "en-repulse-en-verb-oonoqvPX",
"links": [
[
"repel",
"repel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To repel or drive back."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otbivam",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "отбивам"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otblǎskvam",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "отблъсквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "fi",
"english": "to repel",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"translation": "to repel",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "fi",
"english": "to drive back",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"translation": "to drive back",
"word": "karkottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ekkroúō",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "ἐκκρούω"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "ruaig"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "repellō"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "prōturbō"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "taiari"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "taieri"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otražátʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отража́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otrazítʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отрази́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otbivátʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отбива́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otbítʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отби́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "davátʹ otpór",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дава́ть отпо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 2 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "datʹ otpór",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "дать отпо́р"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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3,
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"tags": [
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"text": "to repulse a suitor",
"type": "example"
},
{
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132,
140
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],
"ref": "1850, T. S. Arthur, “Happy on a Little”, in Sketches of Life and Character, Philadelphia: J. W. Bradley, →OCLC, page 89:",
"text": "At the end of a week, she could bear the suspense no longer, and so went humbly to her old home and sought forgiveness. She was not repulsed, but her reception was cold; and this hurt her almost as badly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reject or rebuff."
],
"id": "en-repulse-en-verb-FrIGXwz0",
"links": [
[
"reject",
"reject"
],
[
"rebuff",
"rebuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reject or rebuff."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "othvǎrljam",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "отхвърлям"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ne priemam",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "не приемам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "repellō"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "whakahoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "whakapeka"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otkázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отка́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otkazátʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отказа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otvergátʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отверга́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "reject",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otvérgnutʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"translation": "reject",
"word": "отве́ргнуть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
34
]
],
"text": "The smell of rotting food repulsed me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
54,
62
],
[
86,
94
]
],
"text": "I find your conduct reprehensible, disgusting, and it repulses me, the way a mongoose repulses a snake.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause revulsion in; to repel."
],
"id": "en-repulse-en-verb-FOjlMz5E",
"links": [
[
"revulsion",
"revulsion"
],
[
"repel",
"repel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause revulsion in; to repel."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "inhottaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakarihariha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakahiaruaki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakarikarika"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakahouhou"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "mi",
"english": "Towards food",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"translation": "Towards food",
"word": "pūkanekane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakaanuanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ottálkivatʹ",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отта́лкивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ottolknútʹ",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оттолкну́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "repulsar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rĭ-pŭls′"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpʌls/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-repulse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹəˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾɪˈpəls/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌls"
}
],
"word": "repulse"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:repulse<ety:bor<fro:repousse<alt:repulse><ety:inh<la:repulsa<alt:repulsa (petītiō)><ety:from<repellō>>>>>>",
"id": "act of repulsing",
"text": "*"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"repulse\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"repulsa (petītiō)\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"again\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wre-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"push, drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pelh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nasal infix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-né-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pelnō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repulsa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"repousse\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"repulse\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"repulse\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"act of repulsing\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"repulse\" id=\"English:_act_of_repulsing\">\nInherited from Middle English repulse, borrowed from Old French repulse, from Latin repulsa (petītiō), from repellō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English repulse, borrowed from Old French repulse, from Latin repulsa (petītiō), from repellō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "repulses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "repulse (plural repulses)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "repel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "repellent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "repulsion"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "repulsive"
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pulse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 16 20 11 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-repulse-en-noun-TocifxfH",
"links": [
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[
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},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-repulse-en-noun-Oey9tNHg",
"links": [
[
"Refusal",
"refusal#English"
],
[
"rejection",
"rejection"
],
[
"repulsion",
"repulsion"
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rĭ-pŭls′"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpʌls/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-repulse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹəˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾɪˈpəls/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌls"
}
],
"word": "repulse"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (drive)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with re-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:English/ʌls",
"Rhymes:English/ʌls/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chemorepulse"
},
{
"word": "repulser"
},
{
"word": "repulsor"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:repulsen<ety:lbor<la:repulsus<ety:from<repellō>>>>",
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"5": "re-",
"6": "pulse",
"id": "to repel",
"text": "*"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"again\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wre-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"push, drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pelh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nasal infix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-né-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pelnō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repulsus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"repulsen\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*wre-<id:again>\", \"id\" : \"back\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pulse\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"repulse\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to repel\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"repulse\" id=\"English:_to_repel\">\nInherited from Middle English repulsen, a learned borrowing from Latin repulsus, from repellō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English repulsen, a learned borrowing from Latin repulsus, from repellō.\nFor spelling, as in pulse, the -e (on -lse) is so the end is pronounced /ls/, rather than /lz/ as in pulls, and does not change the vowel (‘u’). Compare else, false, convulse.",
"forms": [
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"form": "repulses",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "repulsing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "repulsed",
"tags": [
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"past"
]
},
{
"form": "repulsed",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "repulsor beam"
},
{
"word": "repulsor ray"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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33
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"text": "to repulse an assault; to repulse the enemy",
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179,
186
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"ref": "1939 December 5, J. W. Studebaker, Democracy Shall Not Be Plowed Under, page 9:",
"text": "If we fail to repulse the enemy within the gates--unemployment, poverty, disorganized agriculture and the like--from whence may we expect the united strength and clear purpose to repulse any outside force?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repel or drive back."
],
"links": [
[
"repel",
"repel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To repel or drive back."
],
"tags": [
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},
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132,
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],
"ref": "1850, T. S. Arthur, “Happy on a Little”, in Sketches of Life and Character, Philadelphia: J. W. Bradley, →OCLC, page 89:",
"text": "At the end of a week, she could bear the suspense no longer, and so went humbly to her old home and sought forgiveness. She was not repulsed, but her reception was cold; and this hurt her almost as badly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reject or rebuff."
],
"links": [
[
"reject",
"reject"
],
[
"rebuff",
"rebuff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reject or rebuff."
],
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"examples": [
{
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],
"text": "The smell of rotting food repulsed me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
54,
62
],
[
86,
94
]
],
"text": "I find your conduct reprehensible, disgusting, and it repulses me, the way a mongoose repulses a snake.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause revulsion in; to repel."
],
"links": [
[
"revulsion",
"revulsion"
],
[
"repel",
"repel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cause revulsion in; to repel."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rĭ-pŭls′"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpʌls/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-repulse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹəˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾɪˈpəls/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌls"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otbivam",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "отбивам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "otblǎskvam",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "отблъсквам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "to repel",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"translation": "to repel",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "to drive back",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"translation": "to drive back",
"word": "karkottaa"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ekkroúō",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "ἐκκρούω"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "ruaig"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "repellō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "prōturbō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "taiari"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"word": "taieri"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otražátʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отража́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otrazítʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отрази́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otbivátʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отбива́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otbítʹ",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отби́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "davátʹ otpór",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дава́ть отпо́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "datʹ otpór",
"sense": "to repel or drive back",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "дать отпо́р"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "othvǎrljam",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "отхвърлям"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ne priemam",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "не приемам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "torjua"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "repellō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "whakahoe"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"word": "whakapeka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otkázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отка́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otkazátʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отказа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otvergátʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отверга́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "reject",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otvérgnutʹ",
"sense": "to reject or rebuff",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"translation": "reject",
"word": "отве́ргнуть"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "inhottaa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakarihariha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakahiaruaki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakarikarika"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakahouhou"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "Towards food",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"translation": "Towards food",
"word": "pūkanekane"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "whakaanuanu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ottálkivatʹ",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отта́лкивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ottolknútʹ",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оттолкну́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to cause revulsion",
"word": "repulsar"
}
],
"word": "repulse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (drive)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pelh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Rhymes:English/ʌls",
"Rhymes:English/ʌls/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:repulse<ety:bor<fro:repousse<alt:repulse><ety:inh<la:repulsa<alt:repulsa (petītiō)><ety:from<repellō>>>>>>",
"id": "act of repulsing",
"text": "*"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"repulse\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"repulsa (petītiō)\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"again\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wre-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"re-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"push, drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to approach\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pel-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pelh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"nasal infix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-né-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pelnō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repellō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"repulsa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"repousse\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"repulse\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"repulse\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"act of repulsing\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"repulse\" id=\"English:_act_of_repulsing\">\nInherited from Middle English repulse, borrowed from Old French repulse, from Latin repulsa (petītiō), from repellō.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English repulse, borrowed from Old French repulse, from Latin repulsa (petītiō), from repellō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "repulses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "repulse (plural repulses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"re",
"pulse"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "repel"
},
{
"word": "repellent"
},
{
"word": "repulsion"
},
{
"word": "repulsive"
},
{
"word": "pulse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The act of repulsing or the state of being repulsed."
],
"links": [
[
"repulsing",
"repulsing"
],
[
"repulsed",
"repulsed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Refusal, rejection or repulsion."
],
"links": [
[
"Refusal",
"refusal#English"
],
[
"rejection",
"rejection"
],
[
"repulsion",
"repulsion"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "rĭ-pŭls′"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpʌls/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-repulse.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-repulse.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹɪˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɹəˈpɐls/",
"tags": [
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɾɪˈpəls/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌls"
}
],
"word": "repulse"
}
Download raw JSONL data for repulse meaning in English (18.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.