See rafter in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rafter meaning in English (17.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jack rafter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "packed to the rafters"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rafter snapper"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ræfter"
},
"expansion": "Old English ræfter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raft"
},
"expansion": "raft",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ræfter, of Germanic origin, related to the origin of raft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rafters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rafter (plural rafters)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "en:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 24 18 9 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Timber industry",
"orig": "en:Timber industry",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads."
],
"id": "en-rafter-en-noun-JLTJZJON",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"sloped",
"sloped"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
],
[
"perimeter",
"perimeter"
],
[
"eave",
"eave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cpeġ",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "ծպեղ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mertek",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мертек"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biga"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jàssena"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jàssera"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuán",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "椽"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánzi",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "椽子"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krokev"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trua"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spær"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tagspær"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dakspant"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "ĉevrono"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kattopiiru"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "piiru"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chevron"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cango"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tesoira"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Sparren"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Tilbaum"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "strōtḗr",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "στρωτήρ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kua"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "oʻa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "tetőgerenda"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "szarufa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachta"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passafuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trave"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puntone"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"alt": "たるき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taruki",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "垂木"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũitĩrĩro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seokkarae",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "서까래"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "karîte",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "کاریتە"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "karîte"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trabs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gegnė"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "splav",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сплав"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skele",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скеле"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čatma",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чатма"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kasau"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kasaw"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "heke"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "nehe"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "sparre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crévon"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabiron"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mertek",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "مرتك"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baulkjen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Spoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Dakspoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krokiew"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caibro"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viga"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trave"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "căprior"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stropílo",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стропи́ло"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "beam",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bálka",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́лка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viga"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jácena"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "taksparre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sparre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "balakilan"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vāsamu",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "వాసము"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "jan-tan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "จันทัน"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "mertek"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "krokva",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кроква"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulath"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceibren"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 24 18 9 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Timber industry",
"orig": "en:Timber industry",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flock of turkeys."
],
"id": "en-rafter-en-noun-tkqxPq8N",
"links": [
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"turkey",
"turkey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) A flock of turkeys."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæftəɹ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rafter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rafter"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ræfter"
},
"expansion": "Old English ræfter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raft"
},
"expansion": "raft",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ræfter, of Germanic origin, related to the origin of raft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rafters",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raftering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raftered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raftered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rafter (third-person singular simple present rafters, present participle raftering, simple past and past participle raftered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 24 18 9 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Timber industry",
"orig": "en:Timber industry",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (timber, etc.) into rafters."
],
"id": "en-rafter-en-verb-Gt1mRCIg",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (timber, etc.) into rafters."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To furnish (a building) with rafters."
],
"id": "en-rafter-en-verb-4D7gItts",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To furnish (a building) with rafters."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 24 18 9 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Timber industry",
"orig": "en:Timber industry",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To plough so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unploughed ridge; to ridge."
],
"id": "en-rafter-en-verb-v5PJDXFx",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"plough",
"plough"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"furrow",
"furrow"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, agriculture) To plough so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unploughed ridge; to ridge."
],
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæftəɹ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rafter.wav",
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"tags": [
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"word": "rafter"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raft",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "raft + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "raft + -er",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rafters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rafter (plural rafters)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 20 26 13 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 31 12 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 26 11 16 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Construction",
"orig": "en:Construction",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 19 35 9 11 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 24 18 9 26",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Timber industry",
"orig": "en:Timber industry",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 21 30 13 15 9",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fowls",
"orig": "en:Fowls",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A raftsman."
],
"id": "en-rafter-en-noun-mKkK0ZNA",
"links": [
[
"raftsman",
"raftsman"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæftəɹ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æftə(ɹ)"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rafter"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/æftə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːftə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːftə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Construction",
"en:Fowls",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Timber industry"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "jack rafter"
},
{
"word": "packed to the rafters"
},
{
"word": "rafter snapper"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ræfter"
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"expansion": "Old English ræfter",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raft"
},
"expansion": "raft",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ræfter, of Germanic origin, related to the origin of raft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rafters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rafter (plural rafters)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Architecture"
],
"glosses": [
"One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"sloped",
"sloped"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
],
[
"perimeter",
"perimeter"
],
[
"eave",
"eave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A flock of turkeys."
],
"links": [
[
"flock",
"flock"
],
[
"turkey",
"turkey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) A flock of turkeys."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæftəɹ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æftə(ɹ)"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "cpeġ",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "ծպեղ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mertek",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мертек"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "biga"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jàssena"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jàssera"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuán",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "椽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuánzi",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "椽子"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krokev"
},
{
"code": "dlm",
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trua"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "spær"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tagspær"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dakspant"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "ĉevrono"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kattopiiru"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "piiru"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chevron"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cango"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tesoira"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Sparren"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Tilbaum"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "strōtḗr",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "στρωτήρ"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kua"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "oʻa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "tetőgerenda"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "szarufa"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rachta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "passafuori"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trave"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puntone"
},
{
"alt": "たるき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "taruki",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "垂木"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũitĩrĩro"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seokkarae",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "서까래"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "karîte",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "کاریتە"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "karîte"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trabs"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gegnė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "splav",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сплав"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "skele",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "скеле"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čatma",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чатма"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kasau"
},
{
"code": "msk",
"lang": "Mansaka",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "kasaw"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "heke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "nehe"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "sparre"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crévon"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabiron"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mertek",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "مرتك"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Baulkjen"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Spoa"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Dakspoa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krokiew"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "caibro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trave"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "căprior"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stropílo",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стропи́ло"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "beam",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bálka",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ба́лка"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viga"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jácena"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "taksparre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "sparre"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "balakilan"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "vāsamu",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "వాసము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "jan-tan",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "จันทัน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"word": "mertek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "krokva",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кроква"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tulath"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "one of a series of sloped beams",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceibren"
}
],
"word": "rafter"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/æftə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːftə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːftə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Construction",
"en:Fowls",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Timber industry"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ræfter"
},
"expansion": "Old English ræfter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raft"
},
"expansion": "raft",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ræfter, of Germanic origin, related to the origin of raft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rafters",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raftering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raftered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raftered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rafter (third-person singular simple present rafters, present participle raftering, simple past and past participle raftered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make (timber, etc.) into rafters."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (timber, etc.) into rafters."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To furnish (a building) with rafters."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To furnish (a building) with rafters."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"en:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"To plough so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unploughed ridge; to ridge."
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"plough",
"plough"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"furrow",
"furrow"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, agriculture) To plough so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an unploughed ridge; to ridge."
],
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæftəɹ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rafter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rafter"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/æftə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːftə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːftə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:Construction",
"en:Fowls",
"en:Occupations",
"en:Timber industry"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "raft",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "raft + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "raft + -er",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rafters",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rafter (plural rafters)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A raftsman."
],
"links": [
[
"raftsman",
"raftsman"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹæftəɹ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æftə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rafter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rafter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rafter"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.