See purl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for purl meaning in English (21.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pirl",
"3": "",
"4": "twist, ripple, whirl, spin"
},
"expansion": "pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pirlo"
},
"expansion": "pirlo",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; apparently related to Scots and dialect pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”), and possibly to Older Scots pyrl (\"thrust or poke at\"). Compare Venetian pirlo, an embellishment where the woven threads are twisted together. May be unrelated to purfle, though the meanings are similar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A particular stitch in knitting; an inversion of stitches giving the work a ribbed or waved appearance."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-arCO8Vme",
"links": [
[
"knitting",
"knitting"
],
[
"inversion",
"inversion"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opako",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опако"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"word": "averecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"word": "nurja silmukka"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linke Masche"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lúb iompaithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rovescio"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"word": "punto rovescio"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 2",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lhoob bun ry skyn"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The edge of lace trimmed with loops."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-5dUryicD"
},
{
"glosses": [
"An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-4SMmiGnn"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pirl",
"3": "",
"4": "twist, ripple, whirl, spin"
},
"expansion": "pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pirlo"
},
"expansion": "pirlo",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; apparently related to Scots and dialect pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”), and possibly to Older Scots pyrl (\"thrust or poke at\"). Compare Venetian pirlo, an embellishment where the woven threads are twisted together. May be unrelated to purfle, though the meanings are similar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (third-person singular simple present purls, present participle purling, simple past and past participle purled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Needlework purled with gold."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To decorate with fringe or embroidered edge"
],
"id": "en-purl-en-verb-F6AaPZmW"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Knitting",
"orig": "en:Knitting",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Knit one, purl two."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use an inverted stitch producing ribbing etc."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-verb-1RkTEUGx",
"links": [
[
"knitting",
"knitting#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(knitting) To use an inverted stitch producing ribbing etc."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"knitting",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pirle",
"4": "",
"5": "whirligig"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pirle (“whirligig”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "pirla",
"4": "",
"5": "whipping top"
},
"expansion": "Italian pirla (“whipping top”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "from Middle English pirle (“whirligig”), Middle Italian pirla (“whipping top”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a heavy or headlong fall; an upset."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-O4-nOcoo"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pirle",
"4": "",
"5": "whirligig"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pirle (“whirligig”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "pirla",
"4": "",
"5": "whipping top"
},
"expansion": "Italian pirla (“whipping top”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "from Middle English pirle (“whirligig”), Middle Italian pirla (“whipping top”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (third-person singular simple present purls, present participle purling, simple past and past participle purled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The huntsman was purled from his horse."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To upset, to spin, capsize, fall heavily, fall headlong."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-verb-aN13sgex",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To upset, to spin, capsize, fall heavily, fall headlong."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "purler"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "purla",
"4": "",
"5": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse purla (“to babble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "polder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch polder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "puldra",
"3": "",
"4": "to gush"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian puldra (“to gush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pulla",
"3": "",
"4": "to bubble"
},
"expansion": "pulla (“to bubble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "polr",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Old English polr (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse purla (“to babble”), possibly ultimately from an imitative Germanic base related to Dutch polder, Norwegian puldra (“to gush”) and pulla (“to bubble”), Old English polr (“marsh”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (third-person singular simple present purls, present participle purling, simple past and past participle purled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 5 19 16 8 5 6 3 4 4 11 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "en:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846 October, Alfred B[illings] Street, “A Day’s Hunting about the Mongaup”, in George R[ex] Graham, editor, Graham’s American Monthly Magazine of Literature and Art, volume XXIX, number 4, Philadelphia, Pa.: George R. Graham & Co., […], →OCLC, page 190",
"text": "There is a water-break formed by a small terrace of rock in mid-stream, and purling with a hollow, delicious monotone—an island of pebbles is above, with here and there smaller ones near the \"forks.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 23, Murr Brewster, “Grizzlies and caribou and wolves, oh my! Savoring Denali’s delights.”, in The Christian Science Monitor",
"text": "[T]he road purled out ahead of us for miles, all prospect and promise, like the beginning of a long, good friendship.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To flow with a murmuring sound in swirls and eddies."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-verb-ffT4Lafy",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To flow with a murmuring sound in swirls and eddies."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "romolja",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "ромоля"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "lirli"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "hīwawā"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žurčatʹ",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "журчать"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dzjurčáty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дзюрча́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dzjurkotáty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дзюркота́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dzjurkotíty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дзюркоті́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žurčáty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "журча́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 10 4 3 7 11 1 7 7 9 5 1 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 24 13 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 19 6 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-verb-0~Yntdxa"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "purla",
"4": "",
"5": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse purla (“to babble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "polder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch polder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "puldra",
"3": "",
"4": "to gush"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian puldra (“to gush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pulla",
"3": "",
"4": "to bubble"
},
"expansion": "pulla (“to bubble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "polr",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Old English polr (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse purla (“to babble”), possibly ultimately from an imitative Germanic base related to Dutch polder, Norwegian puldra (“to gush”) and pulla (“to bubble”), Old English polr (“marsh”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 5 19 16 8 5 6 3 4 4 11 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "en:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A circle made by the motion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-4ou3GpiB",
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"motion",
"motion#Noun"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid#Noun"
],
[
"eddy",
"eddy#Noun"
],
[
"ripple",
"ripple#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 5 19 16 8 5 6 3 4 4 11 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "en:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the purl of a brook",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gentle murmuring sound, such as that produced by the running of a liquid among obstructions."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-Nra6Bry8",
"links": [
[
"gentle",
"gentle"
],
[
"murmuring",
"murmuring#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"produced",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"running",
"running#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"obstruction",
"obstruction"
]
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Possibly from the pearl-like appearance caused by bubbles on the surface of the liquid.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "purl (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 6 3 11 6 21 11 4 4 7 3 1 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Beer",
"orig": "en:Beer",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1711, The Spectator, number 88",
"text": "A double mug of purle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ale or beer spiced with wormwood or other bitter herbs, regarded as a tonic."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-87BnY9HT",
"links": [
[
"Ale",
"ale"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"spice",
"spice"
],
[
"wormwood",
"wormwood"
],
[
"tonic",
"tonic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Ale or beer spiced with wormwood or other bitter herbs, regarded as a tonic."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-hFOKRh1n",
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"gin",
"gin"
],
[
"sugar",
"sugar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 6 1 1 5 7 1 43 5 6 2 1 20",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Terns",
"orig": "en:Terns",
"parents": [
"Seabirds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A tern."
],
"id": "en-purl-en-noun-Y7BxbqAD",
"links": [
[
"tern",
"tern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) A tern."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pirl",
"3": "",
"4": "twist, ripple, whirl, spin"
},
"expansion": "pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pirlo"
},
"expansion": "pirlo",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; apparently related to Scots and dialect pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”), and possibly to Older Scots pyrl (\"thrust or poke at\"). Compare Venetian pirlo, an embellishment where the woven threads are twisted together. May be unrelated to purfle, though the meanings are similar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A particular stitch in knitting; an inversion of stitches giving the work a ribbed or waved appearance."
],
"links": [
[
"knitting",
"knitting"
],
[
"inversion",
"inversion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The edge of lace trimmed with loops."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opako",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опако"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"word": "averecht"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"word": "nurja silmukka"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "linke Masche"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lúb iompaithe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rovescio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"word": "punto rovescio"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "a particular stitch in knitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lhoob bun ry skyn"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pirl",
"3": "",
"4": "twist, ripple, whirl, spin"
},
"expansion": "pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pirlo"
},
"expansion": "pirlo",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; apparently related to Scots and dialect pirl (“twist, ripple, whirl, spin”), and possibly to Older Scots pyrl (\"thrust or poke at\"). Compare Venetian pirlo, an embellishment where the woven threads are twisted together. May be unrelated to purfle, though the meanings are similar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (third-person singular simple present purls, present participle purling, simple past and past participle purled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Needlework purled with gold."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To decorate with fringe or embroidered edge"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Knitting"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Knit one, purl two."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use an inverted stitch producing ribbing etc."
],
"links": [
[
"knitting",
"knitting#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(knitting) To use an inverted stitch producing ribbing etc."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"knitting",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pirle",
"4": "",
"5": "whirligig"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pirle (“whirligig”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "pirla",
"4": "",
"5": "whipping top"
},
"expansion": "Italian pirla (“whipping top”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "from Middle English pirle (“whirligig”), Middle Italian pirla (“whipping top”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a heavy or headlong fall; an upset."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pirle",
"4": "",
"5": "whirligig"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pirle (“whirligig”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "pirla",
"4": "",
"5": "whipping top"
},
"expansion": "Italian pirla (“whipping top”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "from Middle English pirle (“whirligig”), Middle Italian pirla (“whipping top”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (third-person singular simple present purls, present participle purling, simple past and past participle purled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "purler"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The huntsman was purled from his horse."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To upset, to spin, capsize, fall heavily, fall headlong."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To upset, to spin, capsize, fall heavily, fall headlong."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English dialectal terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "purla",
"4": "",
"5": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse purla (“to babble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "polder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch polder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "puldra",
"3": "",
"4": "to gush"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian puldra (“to gush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pulla",
"3": "",
"4": "to bubble"
},
"expansion": "pulla (“to bubble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "polr",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Old English polr (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse purla (“to babble”), possibly ultimately from an imitative Germanic base related to Dutch polder, Norwegian puldra (“to gush”) and pulla (“to bubble”), Old English polr (“marsh”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "purling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "purled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (third-person singular simple present purls, present participle purling, simple past and past participle purled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846 October, Alfred B[illings] Street, “A Day’s Hunting about the Mongaup”, in George R[ex] Graham, editor, Graham’s American Monthly Magazine of Literature and Art, volume XXIX, number 4, Philadelphia, Pa.: George R. Graham & Co., […], →OCLC, page 190",
"text": "There is a water-break formed by a small terrace of rock in mid-stream, and purling with a hollow, delicious monotone—an island of pebbles is above, with here and there smaller ones near the \"forks.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 October 23, Murr Brewster, “Grizzlies and caribou and wolves, oh my! Savoring Denali’s delights.”, in The Christian Science Monitor",
"text": "[T]he road purled out ahead of us for miles, all prospect and promise, like the beginning of a long, good friendship.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To flow with a murmuring sound in swirls and eddies."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To flow with a murmuring sound in swirls and eddies."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "romolja",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "ромоля"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "lirli"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "hīwawā"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žurčatʹ",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"word": "журчать"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dzjurčáty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дзюрча́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dzjurkotáty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дзюркота́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dzjurkotíty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "дзюркоті́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "žurčáty",
"sense": "to make the sound of gently running water",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "журча́ти"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English dialectal terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "purla",
"4": "",
"5": "to babble"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse purla (“to babble”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "polder"
},
"expansion": "Dutch polder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "puldra",
"3": "",
"4": "to gush"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian puldra (“to gush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pulla",
"3": "",
"4": "to bubble"
},
"expansion": "pulla (“to bubble”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "polr",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Old English polr (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse purla (“to babble”), possibly ultimately from an imitative Germanic base related to Dutch polder, Norwegian puldra (“to gush”) and pulla (“to bubble”), Old English polr (“marsh”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A circle made by the motion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple."
],
"links": [
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"motion",
"motion#Noun"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid#Noun"
],
[
"eddy",
"eddy#Noun"
],
[
"ripple",
"ripple#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the purl of a brook",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gentle murmuring sound, such as that produced by the running of a liquid among obstructions."
],
"links": [
[
"gentle",
"gentle"
],
[
"murmuring",
"murmuring#Adjective"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
],
[
"produced",
"produce#Verb"
],
[
"running",
"running#Noun"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#Noun"
],
[
"obstruction",
"obstruction"
]
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "Possibly from the pearl-like appearance caused by bubbles on the surface of the liquid.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "purl (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1711, The Spectator, number 88",
"text": "A double mug of purle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ale or beer spiced with wormwood or other bitter herbs, regarded as a tonic."
],
"links": [
[
"Ale",
"ale"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"spice",
"spice"
],
[
"wormwood",
"wormwood"
],
[
"tonic",
"tonic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Ale or beer spiced with wormwood or other bitter herbs, regarded as a tonic."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices."
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"gin",
"gin"
],
[
"sugar",
"sugar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)l/1 syllable",
"en:Beer",
"en:Sounds",
"en:Terns"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"forms": [
{
"form": "purls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "purl (plural purls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A tern."
],
"links": [
[
"tern",
"tern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect) A tern."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɜːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰəːɫ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɝl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɝɫ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)l"
},
{
"homophone": "pearl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-purl.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-purl.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "purl"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.