"progenitor" meaning in English

See progenitor in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /pɹəʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tə/ [UK], /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tə/ [UK], /pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tɚ/ [US], /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tɚ/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav [Southern-England] Forms: progenitors [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English, from Middle French progeniteur (Modern French progéniteur), from Latin progenitor, from progenitus, perfect participle of progignere (“to beget”), itself from pro- (“forth”) + gignere (“to beget”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-|*ǵenh₁-}}, {{der|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|frm|progeniteur}} Middle French progeniteur, {{m|fr|progéniteur}} progéniteur, {{der|en|la|progenitor}} Latin progenitor, {{m|la|progenitus}} progenitus, {{m|la|progignere||to beget}} progignere (“to beget”), {{m|la|pro-||forth}} pro- (“forth”), {{m|la|gignere||to beget}} gignere (“to beget”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} progenitor (plural progenitors)
  1. A forefather, any of a person's direct ancestors. Categories (topical): Family members, People Synonyms: ancestor, forefather Translations (any of a person's direct ancestors): πρόγονος (prógonos) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), предшественик (predšestvenik) [masculine] (Bulgarian), progenitor [masculine] (Catalan), progenitora [feminine] (Catalan), giliwatan (Cebuano), 祖先 (zǔxiān) (Chinese Mandarin), 先祖 (xiānzǔ) (Chinese Mandarin), ecdat (Crimean Tatar), předek [masculine] (Czech), praotec [masculine] (Czech), forfader [common-gender] (Danish), voorouder [masculine] (Dutch), voorvader [masculine] (Dutch), esi-isä (Finnish), kantaisä (Finnish), Ahn [masculine] (German), Vorfahr [masculine] (German), Vorfahre [masculine] (German), πρόγονος (prógonos) [masculine] (Greek), γεννήτορας (gennítoras) [masculine] (Greek), sinsear [masculine] (Irish), progenitor [masculine] (Latin), uretū (Maori), stamfar [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), stamfar [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), przodek (Polish), progenitor [masculine] (Portuguese), strămoș [masculine] (Romanian), străbun [masculine] (Romanian), strămoașă [feminine] (Romanian), străbună [feminine] (Romanian), прароди́тель (prarodítelʹ) [masculine] (Russian), пре́док (prédok) [masculine] (Russian), gineadair [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), прародитељ [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), progenitor [feminine, masculine] (Spanish), ata (Turkish), cet (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-progenitor-en-noun-FqDgXfkb Disambiguation of Family members: 27 26 17 6 14 10 Disambiguation of People: 25 27 2 12 10 24 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 23 22 4 24 6 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 28 27 3 14 5 Disambiguation of "any of a person's direct ancestors": 73 15 2 2 5 3
  2. A person from whom one or more people (dynasty, tribe, nation…) are descended. Categories (topical): Family members, People Translations (an individual from which (a) people(s) descend): πρόγονος (prógonos) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), прародител (praroditel) [masculine] (Bulgarian), giliwatan (Cebuano), stamfader [common-gender] (Danish), patriarch [masculine] (Dutch), stamvader [masculine] (Dutch), Stammvater [masculine] (German), Urahn [masculine] (German), Vorfahr [masculine] (German), Vorfahre [masculine] (German), πρόγονος (prógonos) [masculine] (Greek), πατριάρχης (patriárchis) [masculine] (Greek), sinsear [masculine] (Irish), uretū (Maori), tipuna (Maori), progenitor [masculine] (Portuguese), cet (Turkish), dede (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-progenitor-en-noun-rsk5dolW Disambiguation of Family members: 27 26 17 6 14 10 Disambiguation of People: 25 27 2 12 10 24 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 23 22 4 24 6 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 28 27 3 14 5 Disambiguation of 'an individual from which (a) people(s) descend': 19 45 10 6 5 15
  3. (biology) An ancestral form of a species. Categories (topical): Biology, Family members Translations (an ancestral form of a species): предшественик (predšestvenik) [masculine] (Bulgarian), stamvorm (Dutch), Vorfahr [masculine] (German), Vorfahre [masculine] (German), πρόγονος (prógonos) [masculine] (Greek), sinsear [masculine] (Irish), ata (Turkish), cet (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-progenitor-en-noun-jGufScj2 Disambiguation of Family members: 27 26 17 6 14 10 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 23 22 4 24 6 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 28 27 3 14 5 Topics: biology, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'an ancestral form of a species': 3 2 93 1 0 1
  4. (figuratively) A predecessor of something, especially if also a precursor or model. Tags: figuratively Categories (topical): People Translations (a predecessor of something): предше́ственик (predšéstvenik) [masculine] (Bulgarian), předchůdce [masculine] (Czech), voorloper [masculine] (Dutch), voorafbeelding [masculine] (Dutch), edeltäjä (Finnish), Vorläufer [masculine] (German), πρόγονος (prógonos) [masculine] (Greek), poprzednik (Polish), progenitor [masculine] (Portuguese), predecesor [masculine, neuter] (Romanian), precursor [masculine, neuter] (Romanian), предте́ча (predtéča) [feminine, masculine] (Russian), предше́ственник (predšéstvennik) [masculine] (Russian), ro-theachdaire [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), претеча [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), öncü (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-progenitor-en-noun-nJzhi8cG Disambiguation of People: 25 27 2 12 10 24 Disambiguation of 'a predecessor of something': 22 6 2 64 2 4
  5. (figuratively) Someone who originates something. Tags: figuratively Categories (topical): Family members Translations (someone who originates something): основател (osnovatel) [masculine] (Bulgarian), zakladatel [masculine] (Czech), stifter [common-gender] (Danish), grundlægger [common-gender] (Danish), stichter [masculine] (Dutch), grondlegger [masculine] (Dutch), isä (Finnish), Erzeuger [masculine] (German), Erzeugerin [feminine] (German), γεννήτορας (gennítoras) [masculine] (Greek), prekursor (Polish), pomysłodawca (Polish), созда́тель (sozdátelʹ) [masculine] (Russian), основа́тель (osnovátelʹ) [masculine] (Russian), neach-stèidheachaidh [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), оснивач [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), творац [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), üretici (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-progenitor-en-noun-iM1oViJ9 Disambiguation of Family members: 27 26 17 6 14 10 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 20 23 22 4 24 6 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 23 28 27 3 14 5 Disambiguation of 'someone who originates something': 5 5 2 1 85 2
  6. A founder. Categories (topical): Family members, People
    Sense id: en-progenitor-en-noun-ZubdvV63 Disambiguation of Family members: 27 26 17 6 14 10 Disambiguation of People: 25 27 2 12 10 24
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: progenitour [obsolete] Derived forms: legendary progenitor, progenitor cell Related terms: progenitive, progeny

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for progenitor meaning in English (22.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "legendary progenitor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "progenitor cell"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "4": "*ǵenh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "progeniteur"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French progeniteur",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "progéniteur"
      },
      "expansion": "progéniteur",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "progenitor"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin progenitor",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "progenitus"
      },
      "expansion": "progenitus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "progignere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to beget"
      },
      "expansion": "progignere (“to beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pro-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forth"
      },
      "expansion": "pro- (“forth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gignere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to beget"
      },
      "expansion": "gignere (“to beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English, from Middle French progeniteur (Modern French progéniteur), from Latin progenitor, from progenitus, perfect participle of progignere (“to beget”), itself from pro- (“forth”) + gignere (“to beget”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "progenitors",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "progenitor (plural progenitors)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "progenitive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "progeny"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 23 22 4 24 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 28 27 3 14 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 17 6 14 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Family members",
          "orig": "en:Family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 2 12 10 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A forefather, any of a person's direct ancestors."
      ],
      "id": "en-progenitor-en-noun-FqDgXfkb",
      "links": [
        [
          "forefather",
          "forefather"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "ancestor",
          "ancestor"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ancestor"
        },
        {
          "word": "forefather"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "predšestvenik",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "предшественик"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "progenitor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "progenitora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ceb",
          "lang": "Cebuano",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "giliwatan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zǔxiān",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "祖先"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiānzǔ",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "先祖"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "ecdat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "předek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "praotec"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "forfader"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "voorouder"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "voorvader"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "esi-isä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "kantaisä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Ahn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorfahr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorfahre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "prógonos",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πρόγονος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "gennítoras",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "γεννήτορας"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "prógonos",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πρόγονος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sinsear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "progenitor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "uretū"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stamfar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stamfar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "przodek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "progenitor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "strămoș"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "străbun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "strămoașă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "străbună"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prarodítelʹ",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прароди́тель"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prédok",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пре́док"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gineadair"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прародитељ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "progenitor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "ata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "73 15 2 2 5 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
          "word": "cet"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 23 22 4 24 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 28 27 3 14 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 17 6 14 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Family members",
          "orig": "en:Family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 2 12 10 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Abraham, alias Ibrahim, is the presumed progenitor of both the Jewish and Arab peoples.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person from whom one or more people (dynasty, tribe, nation…) are descended."
      ],
      "id": "en-progenitor-en-noun-rsk5dolW",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "praroditel",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "прародител"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "ceb",
          "lang": "Cebuano",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "word": "giliwatan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "stamfader"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "patriarch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stamvader"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Stammvater"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Urahn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorfahr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorfahre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "prógonos",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πρόγονος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "patriárchis",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πατριάρχης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "prógonos",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πρόγονος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sinsear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "word": "uretū"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "word": "tipuna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "progenitor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "word": "cet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "19 45 10 6 5 15",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
          "word": "dede"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 23 22 4 24 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 28 27 3 14 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 17 6 14 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Family members",
          "orig": "en:Family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An ancestral form of a species."
      ],
      "id": "en-progenitor-en-noun-jGufScj2",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "ancestral",
          "ancestral"
        ],
        [
          "species",
          "species"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) An ancestral form of a species."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "predšestvenik",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "предшественик"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "word": "stamvorm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorfahr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorfahre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "prógonos",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πρόγονος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sinsear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "word": "ata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 93 1 0 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
          "word": "cet"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 2 12 10 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ARPANET was the progenitor of the Internet.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Are neural progenitor cells infected by Zika virus?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A predecessor of something, especially if also a precursor or model."
      ],
      "id": "en-progenitor-en-noun-nJzhi8cG",
      "links": [
        [
          "predecessor",
          "predecessor"
        ],
        [
          "precursor",
          "precursor"
        ],
        [
          "model",
          "model"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) A predecessor of something, especially if also a precursor or model."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "predšéstvenik",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "предше́ственик"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "předchůdce"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "voorloper"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "voorafbeelding"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "word": "edeltäjä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vorläufer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "prógonos",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "πρόγονος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "word": "poprzednik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "progenitor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "predecesor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "precursor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "predtéča",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "предте́ча"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "predšéstvennik",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "предше́ственник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ro-theachdaire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "претеча"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 6 2 64 2 4",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "a predecessor of something",
          "word": "öncü"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 23 22 4 24 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 28 27 3 14 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 17 6 14 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Family members",
          "orig": "en:Family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who originates something."
      ],
      "id": "en-progenitor-en-noun-iM1oViJ9",
      "links": [
        [
          "originate",
          "originate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Someone who originates something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "osnovatel",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "основател"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "zakladatel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "stifter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "grundlægger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stichter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grondlegger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "word": "isä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Erzeuger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Erzeugerin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "gennítoras",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "γεννήτορας"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "word": "prekursor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "word": "pomysłodawca"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sozdátelʹ",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "созда́тель"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "osnovátelʹ",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "основа́тель"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "neach-stèidheachaidh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "оснивач"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "творац"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 5 2 1 85 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "someone who originates something",
          "word": "üretici"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 26 17 6 14 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Family members",
          "orig": "en:Family members",
          "parents": [
            "Family",
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 27 2 12 10 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A founder."
      ],
      "id": "en-progenitor-en-noun-ZubdvV63",
      "links": [
        [
          "founder",
          "founder"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "progenitour"
    }
  ],
  "word": "progenitor"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Requests for review of Dutch translations",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "en:Family members",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "legendary progenitor"
    },
    {
      "word": "progenitor cell"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "4": "*ǵenh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "progeniteur"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French progeniteur",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "progéniteur"
      },
      "expansion": "progéniteur",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "progenitor"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin progenitor",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "progenitus"
      },
      "expansion": "progenitus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "progignere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to beget"
      },
      "expansion": "progignere (“to beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pro-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forth"
      },
      "expansion": "pro- (“forth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gignere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to beget"
      },
      "expansion": "gignere (“to beget”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English, from Middle French progeniteur (Modern French progéniteur), from Latin progenitor, from progenitus, perfect participle of progignere (“to beget”), itself from pro- (“forth”) + gignere (“to beget”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "progenitors",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "progenitor (plural progenitors)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "progenitive"
    },
    {
      "word": "progeny"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A forefather, any of a person's direct ancestors."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "forefather",
          "forefather"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "ancestor",
          "ancestor"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ancestor"
        },
        {
          "word": "forefather"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Abraham, alias Ibrahim, is the presumed progenitor of both the Jewish and Arab peoples.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person from whom one or more people (dynasty, tribe, nation…) are descended."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An ancestral form of a species."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "ancestral",
          "ancestral"
        ],
        [
          "species",
          "species"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) An ancestral form of a species."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ARPANET was the progenitor of the Internet.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Are neural progenitor cells infected by Zika virus?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A predecessor of something, especially if also a precursor or model."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "predecessor",
          "predecessor"
        ],
        [
          "precursor",
          "precursor"
        ],
        [
          "model",
          "model"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) A predecessor of something, especially if also a precursor or model."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who originates something."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "originate",
          "originate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Someone who originates something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A founder."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "founder",
          "founder"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tə/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-progenitor.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "progenitour"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predšestvenik",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "предшественик"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "progenitor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "progenitora"
    },
    {
      "code": "ceb",
      "lang": "Cebuano",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "giliwatan"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zǔxiān",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "祖先"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiānzǔ",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "先祖"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "ecdat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "předek"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "praotec"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "forfader"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "voorouder"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "voorvader"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "esi-isä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "kantaisä"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Ahn"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorfahr"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorfahre"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "prógonos",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πρόγονος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "gennítoras",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "γεννήτορας"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "prógonos",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πρόγονος"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sinsear"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "progenitor"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "uretū"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stamfar"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stamfar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "przodek"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "progenitor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "strămoș"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "străbun"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "strămoașă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "străbună"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prarodítelʹ",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прароди́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prédok",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пре́док"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gineadair"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прародитељ"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "progenitor"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "ata"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "any of a person's direct ancestors",
      "word": "cet"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "praroditel",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "прародител"
    },
    {
      "code": "ceb",
      "lang": "Cebuano",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "word": "giliwatan"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "stamfader"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "patriarch"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stamvader"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Stammvater"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Urahn"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorfahr"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorfahre"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "prógonos",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πρόγονος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "patriárchis",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πατριάρχης"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "prógonos",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πρόγονος"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sinsear"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "word": "uretū"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "word": "tipuna"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "progenitor"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "word": "cet"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "an individual from which (a) people(s) descend",
      "word": "dede"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predšestvenik",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "предшественик"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "word": "stamvorm"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorfahr"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorfahre"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "prógonos",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πρόγονος"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sinsear"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "word": "ata"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "an ancestral form of a species",
      "word": "cet"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predšéstvenik",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "предше́ственик"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "předchůdce"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "voorloper"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "voorafbeelding"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "word": "edeltäjä"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vorläufer"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "prógonos",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "πρόγονος"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "word": "poprzednik"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "progenitor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "predecesor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "precursor"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "predtéča",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "предте́ча"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "predšéstvennik",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "предше́ственник"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ro-theachdaire"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "претеча"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "word": "öncü"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "a predecessor of something",
      "word": "öncü"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "osnovatel",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "основател"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "zakladatel"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "stifter"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "grundlægger"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stichter"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grondlegger"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "word": "isä"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Erzeuger"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Erzeugerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "gennítoras",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "γεννήτορας"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "word": "prekursor"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "word": "pomysłodawca"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sozdátelʹ",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "созда́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "osnovátelʹ",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "основа́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "neach-stèidheachaidh"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "оснивач"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "творац"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "someone who originates something",
      "word": "üretici"
    }
  ],
  "word": "progenitor"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.