See profound in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*ǵʰewd-"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "profound"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
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"expansion": "Anglo-Norman profound",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
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"expansion": "Old French profont",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "profundus"
},
"expansion": "Latin profundus",
"name": "der"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English profound, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, from Latin profundus, from pro + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more profound",
"tags": [
"comparative"
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{
"form": "most profound",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to great depth; deep."
],
"id": "en-profound-en-adj-EgYGqWUa",
"links": [
[
"Descending",
"descend"
],
[
"below",
"below"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
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[
"open",
"open"
],
[
"reach",
"reach"
],
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"deep",
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]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "diep"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlbok",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "дълбок"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "diep"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "diepgaand"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "syvä"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profond"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "tiefgehend"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vathýs",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βαθύς"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "mély"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "mélységes"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "profondo"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dlabok",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "длабок"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "deriñ",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "دریڭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'amiq",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "عمیق"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profund"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "care e în adânc"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubókij",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "глубо́кий"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "derin"
},
{
"_dis1": "73 2 9 8 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "dwfn"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Very deep; very serious"
],
"id": "en-profound-en-adj-~jMD5TDA"
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{
"text": "a profound investigation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a profound scholar",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "profound wisdom",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1819, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, English Writers on America:",
"text": "Where no motives of interest or pride intervene, none can equal them for profound and philosophical views of society, ….",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough"
],
"id": "en-profound-en-adj-zaKpcaNq",
"links": [
[
"Intellectually",
"intellectual"
],
[
"subjects",
"subjects"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "wys"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proniknoven",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "проникновен"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hluboký"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "oduševnělý"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "wijs"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "syvällinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "syväluotaava"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profond"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "tiefgehend"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vathystóchastos",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "βαθυστόχαστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perispoúdastos",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "περισπούδαστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "emvrithís",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "εμβριθής"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gahan",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "गहन"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "beható"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "magvas"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "profondo"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "simohan",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "심오한"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "mendalam"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "hōhonu"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "deriñ",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "دریڭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'amiq",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "عمیق"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "deep (nds)"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "głęboki"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profund"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "adânc"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubókij",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "глубо́кий"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnovatelʹnyj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "основательный"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "múdryj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "му́дрый"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "derin"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hlybókyj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "глибо́кий"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "gruntóvnyj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "ґрунто́вний"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 9 55 5 6",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "dwfn"
}
]
},
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{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "How now! which of your hips has the most profound sciatica?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Henry Hart Milman, History of Latin Christianity : including that of the popes to the pontificate of Nicholas V.:",
"text": "Of the profound corruption of this class there can be no doubt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Shelina Janmohamed, “Long before Shamima Begum, Muslim women were targets”, in Guardian:",
"text": "It’s probably one of the reasons the Shamima Begum case is having such a profound impact; one-dimensional stereotypes about Muslim women already run so deep.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"ref": "2023 September 20, Nigel Harris, “Comment Special: And it's goodbye from me...”, in RAIL, number 992, page 3:",
"text": "I visited the wreckage at Ladbroke Grove, Hatfield. Potters Bar and Heck, and the experiences had a profound effect on me - especially Ladbroke Grove.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading"
],
"id": "en-profound-en-adj-NSg1rCih",
"links": [
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
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"pervade"
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlbok",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "дълбок"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "diepgaand"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "perusteellinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éntonos",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "έντονος"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "alapos"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "profondo"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "profund"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubókij",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "глубо́кий"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 1 5 78 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "dwfn"
}
]
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:",
"text": "And with this, and a profound bow to his patrons, the Manager retires, and the curtain rises.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1662, Brian Duppa, Holy Rules and Helps to Devotion, published 1683:",
"text": "What humble gestures! What profound reverence!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly; submissive"
],
"id": "en-profound-en-adj-yV2TprNY",
"links": [
[
"humility",
"humility"
],
[
"lowly",
"lowly"
],
[
"submissive",
"submissive"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 5 8 5 74",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vathýs",
"sense": "bending low",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βαθύς"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 8 5 74",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bending low",
"word": "mély"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 8 5 74",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nízkij",
"sense": "bending low",
"word": "ни́зкий"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prə-found′"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹəˈfaʊnd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-profound.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg/En-us-profound.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
}
],
"word": "profound"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*ǵʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Middle English profound",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman profound",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "profont"
},
"expansion": "Old French profont",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "profundus"
},
"expansion": "Latin profundus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English profound, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, from Latin profundus, from pro + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "profound (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"pro‧found"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1638, George Sandys, A Paraphrase vpon the Divine Poems, Exodvs 15:",
"text": "God, in the fathomlesse profound / Hath all his choice Commanders drown'd.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The deep; the sea; the ocean."
],
"id": "en-profound-en-noun-R7TROyhR",
"links": [
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The deep; the sea; the ocean."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 976-980:",
"text": "[…]if some other place, / From your dominion won, th' Ethereal King / Possesses lately, thither to arrive / travel this profound. Direct my course[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abyss."
],
"id": "en-profound-en-noun-ptFYPhQd",
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An abyss."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prə-found′"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹəˈfaʊnd/"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg/En-us-profound.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg"
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{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*ǵʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Middle English profound",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman profound",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "profont"
},
"expansion": "Old French profont",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "profundus"
},
"expansion": "Latin profundus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English profound, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, from Latin profundus, from pro + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "profounds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "profounding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "profounded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "profounded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "profound (third-person singular simple present profounds, present participle profounding, simple past and past participle profounded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pro‧found"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "profundicate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "profundify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "profundity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "profoundness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 8 13 20 18 1 2 11 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down."
],
"id": "en-profound-en-verb-zYq2-5DT",
"links": [
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "But no man is likely to profound tbe Ocean of that Doctrine",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dive deeply; to penetrate."
],
"id": "en-profound-en-verb-wf~yH2cn",
"links": [
[
"penetrate",
"penetrate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To dive deeply; to penetrate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prə-found′"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹəˈfaʊnd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-profound.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
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],
"word": "profound"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰewd-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
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"expansion": "",
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},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Middle English profound",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman profound",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "profont"
},
"expansion": "Old French profont",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "profundus"
},
"expansion": "Latin profundus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English profound, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, from Latin profundus, from pro + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more profound",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most profound",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "profound (comparative more profound, superlative most profound)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pro‧found"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "A gulf profound as that Serbonian bog",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to great depth; deep."
],
"links": [
[
"Descending",
"descend"
],
[
"below",
"below"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"open",
"open"
],
[
"reach",
"reach"
],
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Very deep; very serious"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a profound investigation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "a profound scholar",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "profound wisdom",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1819, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, English Writers on America:",
"text": "Where no motives of interest or pride intervene, none can equal them for profound and philosophical views of society, ….",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough"
],
"links": [
[
"Intellectually",
"intellectual"
],
[
"subjects",
"subjects"
],
[
"learning",
"learning"
],
[
"thorough",
"thorough"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "How now! which of your hips has the most profound sciatica?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1860, Henry Hart Milman, History of Latin Christianity : including that of the popes to the pontificate of Nicholas V.:",
"text": "Of the profound corruption of this class there can be no doubt.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Shelina Janmohamed, “Long before Shamima Begum, Muslim women were targets”, in Guardian:",
"text": "It’s probably one of the reasons the Shamima Begum case is having such a profound impact; one-dimensional stereotypes about Muslim women already run so deep.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 September 20, Nigel Harris, “Comment Special: And it's goodbye from me...”, in RAIL, number 992, page 3:",
"text": "I visited the wreckage at Ladbroke Grove, Hatfield. Potters Bar and Heck, and the experiences had a profound effect on me - especially Ladbroke Grove.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading"
],
"links": [
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"pervading",
"pervade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:",
"text": "And with this, and a profound bow to his patrons, the Manager retires, and the curtain rises.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1662, Brian Duppa, Holy Rules and Helps to Devotion, published 1683:",
"text": "What humble gestures! What profound reverence!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly; submissive"
],
"links": [
[
"humility",
"humility"
],
[
"lowly",
"lowly"
],
[
"submissive",
"submissive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prə-found′"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹəˈfaʊnd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-profound.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg/En-us-profound.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "diep"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlbok",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "дълбок"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "diep"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "diepgaand"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "syvä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profond"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "tiefgehend"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vathýs",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βαθύς"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "mély"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "mélységes"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "profondo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "dlabok",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "длабок"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "deriñ",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "دریڭ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'amiq",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "عمیق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profund"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "care e în adânc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubókij",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "глубо́кий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "derin"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "descending below the surface",
"word": "dwfn"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "wys"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proniknoven",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "проникновен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hluboký"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "oduševnělý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "wijs"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profunda"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "syvällinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "syväluotaava"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profond"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "tiefgehend"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vathystóchastos",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "βαθυστόχαστος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perispoúdastos",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "περισπούδαστος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "emvrithís",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "εμβριθής"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gahan",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "गहन"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "beható"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "magvas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "profondo"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "simohan",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "심오한"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "mendalam"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "hōhonu"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "deriñ",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "دریڭ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "'amiq",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "عمیق"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "deep (nds)"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "głęboki"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profund"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "adânc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubókij",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "глубо́кий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osnovatelʹnyj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "основательный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "múdryj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "му́дрый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "derin"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hlybókyj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "глибо́кий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "gruntóvnyj",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "ґрунто́вний"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "intellectually deep",
"word": "dwfn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlbok",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "дълбок"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "diepgaand"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "perusteellinen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "éntonos",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "έντονος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "alapos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "profondo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "profund"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubókij",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "глубо́кий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "profundo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "characterized by intensity",
"word": "dwfn"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vathýs",
"sense": "bending low",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "βαθύς"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bending low",
"word": "mély"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nízkij",
"sense": "bending low",
"word": "ни́зкий"
}
],
"word": "profound"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰewd-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*ǵʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Middle English profound",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman profound",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "profont"
},
"expansion": "Old French profont",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "profundus"
},
"expansion": "Latin profundus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English profound, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, from Latin profundus, from pro + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "profound (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pro‧found"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1638, George Sandys, A Paraphrase vpon the Divine Poems, Exodvs 15:",
"text": "God, in the fathomlesse profound / Hath all his choice Commanders drown'd.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The deep; the sea; the ocean."
],
"links": [
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The deep; the sea; the ocean."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 976-980:",
"text": "[…]if some other place, / From your dominion won, th' Ethereal King / Possesses lately, thither to arrive / travel this profound. Direct my course[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abyss."
],
"links": [
[
"abyss",
"abyss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) An abyss."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prə-found′"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹəˈfaʊnd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-profound.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg/En-us-profound.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
}
],
"word": "profound"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰewd-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*ǵʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Middle English profound",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "profound"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman profound",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "profont"
},
"expansion": "Old French profont",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "profundus"
},
"expansion": "Latin profundus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English profound, from Anglo-Norman profound, from Old French profont, from Latin profundus, from pro + fundus (“bottom; foundation”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "profounds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "profounding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "profounded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "profounded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "profound (third-person singular simple present profounds, present participle profounding, simple past and past participle profounded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pro‧found"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "profundicate"
},
{
"word": "profundify"
},
{
"word": "profundity"
},
{
"word": "profoundness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down."
],
"links": [
[
"sink",
"sink"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "But no man is likely to profound tbe Ocean of that Doctrine",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dive deeply; to penetrate."
],
"links": [
[
"penetrate",
"penetrate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To dive deeply; to penetrate."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prə-found′"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹəˈfaʊnd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-profound.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg/En-us-profound.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/En-us-profound.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
}
],
"word": "profound"
}
Download raw JSONL data for profound meaning in English (21.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.