See postscript in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"ref": "1913, Flavius Claudius Iulianus, “Letters of Julian”, in Emily Wilmer Cave Wright, transl., The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III, Introduction to the letters:",
"text": "As a rule Julian dictated to secretaries, and so fast that Libanius says the \"tachygraphers\" were unable to keep pace with him, but certain postscripts are marked \"with his own hand.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An addendum to a letter, added after the author's signature."
],
"id": "en-postscript-en-noun-8OJU7Ftq",
"links": [
[
"addendum",
"addendum"
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[
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"letter"
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[
"author",
"author"
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[
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"(countable) An addendum to a letter, added after the author's signature."
],
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "afterscript"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "afterword"
}
],
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"countable"
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poslepís",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "послепи́с"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "postdata"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "postscriptum"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "nota bene"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "postskribo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "jälkikirjoitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "post-scriptum"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Postskriptum"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ysterógrafo",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "υστερόγραφο"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "punaśc",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पुनश्च"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paścalekh",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "पश्चलेख"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "utóirat"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "Ui."
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "P. S."
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"alt": "跋文",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "balmun",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "발문"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "catatan tambahan"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "pascatulisan"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ms",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "poskrip"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
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"word": "kupu āpiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
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"_dis1": "95 5",
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"tags": [
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"word": "Bieschreft"
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"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dopisek"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
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},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "posłowie"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pós-escrito"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "postscriptum"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "postskríptum",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "постскри́птум"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "eàrr-sgrìobhadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pripis"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "posdata"
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{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
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"neuter"
],
"word": "postskriptum"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
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"word": "efterskrift"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tl",
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"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "tighabol"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "ปัจฉิมลิขิต"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
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"roman": "postskrýptum",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
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],
"word": "постскри́птум"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "tái bút"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "pospenäd"
}
]
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{
"ref": "1974 February 2, Allen Young, “Reviews”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 32, page 7:",
"text": "In a moving post-script to the novel, Forster tells the reader that the book was inspired by a visit to the home of Edward Carpenter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Maggie O'Farrell, The Hand That First Held Mine, Headline, →ISBN, page 34:",
"text": "And then a curious postscript: I share your dislike of the shortening of names but I must say that I'm not sure 'Alexandra' is entirely suitable for you. It seems to me that you require a name with rather more brio. I see you as a 'Lexie'. What do you think?",
"type": "quote"
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],
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An addition to a story, play, etc. after its completion."
],
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}
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"Terms with Thai translations",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "postscript (plural postscripts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1913, Flavius Claudius Iulianus, “Letters of Julian”, in Emily Wilmer Cave Wright, transl., The Works of the Emperor Julian, volume III, Introduction to the letters:",
"text": "As a rule Julian dictated to secretaries, and so fast that Libanius says the \"tachygraphers\" were unable to keep pace with him, but certain postscripts are marked \"with his own hand.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An addendum to a letter, added after the author's signature."
],
"links": [
[
"addendum",
"addendum"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"author",
"author"
],
[
"signature",
"signature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An addendum to a letter, added after the author's signature."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1974 February 2, Allen Young, “Reviews”, in Gay Community News, volume 1, number 32, page 7:",
"text": "In a moving post-script to the novel, Forster tells the reader that the book was inspired by a visit to the home of Edward Carpenter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Maggie O'Farrell, The Hand That First Held Mine, Headline, →ISBN, page 34:",
"text": "And then a curious postscript: I share your dislike of the shortening of names but I must say that I'm not sure 'Alexandra' is entirely suitable for you. It seems to me that you require a name with rather more brio. I see you as a 'Lexie'. What do you think?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An addition to a story, play, etc. after its completion."
],
"links": [
[
"addition",
"addition"
],
[
"story",
"story"
],
[
"play",
"play"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An addition to a story, play, etc. after its completion."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoʊst.skɹɪpt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-postscript.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-postscript.ogg/En-us-postscript.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-postscript.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "afterscript"
},
{
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "afterword"
},
{
"word": "post script"
},
{
"word": "postscriptum"
},
{
"word": "post scriptum"
},
{
"word": "PS"
},
{
"word": "P.S."
},
{
"word": "p.s."
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poslepís",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "послепи́с"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "postdata"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "postscriptum"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "nota bene"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "postskribo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "jälkikirjoitus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "post-scriptum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Postskriptum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ysterógrafo",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "υστερόγραφο"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "punaśc",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पुनश्च"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paścalekh",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "पश्चलेख"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "utóirat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "Ui."
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "P. S."
},
{
"alt": "跋文",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "balmun",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "발문"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "catatan tambahan"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "pascatulisan"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "poskrip"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "kupu āpiti"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "etterskrift"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "postskriptum"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "etterskrift"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "postskriptum"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bieschreft"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dopisek"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "post scriptum"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "posłowie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pós-escrito"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "postscriptum"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "postskríptum",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "постскри́птум"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eàrr-sgrìobhadh"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pripis"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "posdata"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "postskriptum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "efterskrift"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "tighabol"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "ปัจฉิมลิขิต"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "postskrýptum",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "постскри́птум"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "tái bút"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "addendum to a letter",
"word": "pospenäd"
}
],
"word": "postscript"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kreybʰ-",
"English terms prefixed with post-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kreybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "postscriptum"
},
"expansion": "New Latin postscriptum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "post-",
"3": "script"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, post- + script",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin postscriptum, from Latin, neuter of postscriptus, past participle of postscrībō (“write after”), from post (“after”) + scrībō (“write”). By surface analysis, post- + script.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "postscripts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "postscripting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "postscripted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "postscripted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "postscript (third-person singular simple present postscripts, present participle postscripting, simple past and past participle postscripted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To extend (a letter or another document) with additional remarks."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpoʊst.skɹɪpt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-postscript.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-postscript.ogg/En-us-postscript.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-postscript.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "post script"
},
{
"word": "postscriptum"
},
{
"word": "post scriptum"
},
{
"word": "PS"
},
{
"word": "P.S."
},
{
"word": "p.s."
}
],
"word": "postscript"
}
Download raw JSONL data for postscript meaning in English (12.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.