"plumb" meaning in English

See plumb in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /plʌm/ Audio: en-us-plum.ogg [US], en-au-plumb.ogg [Australia] Forms: more plumb [comparative], most plumb [superlative]
enPR: plŭm Rhymes: -ʌm Etymology: From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|plumbe}} Middle English plumbe, {{m|enm|plumme}} plumme, {{der|en|fro|*plombe}} Old French *plombe, {{der|en|la|plumba}} Latin plumba, {{m|la|plumbum}} plumbum Head templates: {{en-adj}} plumb (comparative more plumb, superlative most plumb)
  1. Truly vertical, as indicated by a plumb line. Synonyms (truly vertical): perpendicular Translations (truly vertical): отвесен (otvesen) (Bulgarian), lodret (Danish), vater (Danish), loodrecht (Dutch), in het lood (Dutch), kohtisuora (Finnish), lotrecht (German), prumo [masculine] (Portuguese), lodrät (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-adj-hd-ytd3n Disambiguation of 'truly vertical': 94 6 Disambiguation of 'truly vertical': 94 6
  2. (cricket) Describing an LBW where the batsman is hit on the pads directly in front of their wicket and should be given out. Categories (topical): Cricket
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-adj-q9C64fn0 Topics: ball-games, cricket, games, hobbies, lifestyle, sports
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adverb

IPA: /plʌm/ Audio: en-us-plum.ogg [US], en-au-plumb.ogg [Australia]
enPR: plŭm Rhymes: -ʌm Etymology: From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|plumbe}} Middle English plumbe, {{m|enm|plumme}} plumme, {{der|en|fro|*plombe}} Old French *plombe, {{der|en|la|plumba}} Latin plumba, {{m|la|plumbum}} plumbum Head templates: {{en-adv|-}} plumb (not comparable)
  1. In a vertical direction; perpendicularly. Tags: not-comparable Translations (in a vertical direction): отвесно (otvesno) (Bulgarian), loodrecht (Dutch), in het lood (Dutch), kohtisuoraan (Finnish), kohtisuorasti (Finnish), kohtisuorassa (Finnish), senkrecht (German), lotrecht (German)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-adv-y4FxhtBB Disambiguation of 'in a vertical direction': 98 2
  2. (informal) Squarely, directly; deeply, completely. Tags: informal, not-comparable Translations (squarely, completely): право (pravo) (Bulgarian), напълно (napǎlno) (Bulgarian), (zhèng) (Chinese Mandarin), suoraan (english: squarely) (Finnish), täysin (Finnish), kokonaan (english: completely) (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-adv-suIO34ZH Disambiguation of 'squarely, completely': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: plumb-crazy
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /plʌm/ Audio: en-us-plum.ogg [US], en-au-plumb.ogg [Australia] Forms: plumbs [plural]
enPR: plŭm Rhymes: -ʌm Etymology: From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|plumbe}} Middle English plumbe, {{m|enm|plumme}} plumme, {{der|en|fro|*plombe}} Old French *plombe, {{der|en|la|plumba}} Latin plumba, {{m|la|plumbum}} plumbum Head templates: {{en-noun}} plumb (plural plumbs)
  1. A little mass of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction. Translations (mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction): отвес (otves) [masculine] (Bulgarian), luoti (Finnish), lyijypaino (Finnish), plumb [neuter] (Romanian), plomada [feminine] (Spanish) Translations (nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth): лот (lot) [masculine] (Bulgarian), luoti (Finnish), plomada [feminine] (Spanish), sonda [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-noun-CBR8-bRt Disambiguation of 'mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction': 70 7 23 Disambiguation of 'nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth': 58 40 2
  2. (nautical) A weight on the end of a long line, used by sailors to determine the depth of water. Categories (topical): Nautical
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-noun-~MQzkB-A Topics: nautical, transport
  3. The perpendicular direction or position.
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-noun-MJLwiNxt
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: plummet [construction, manufacturing, business], plumb bob [UK] [construction, manufacturing, business], plumb line [US] [construction, manufacturing, business] Derived forms: off plumb, out of plumb, plumb bob, plumb line, plumb rule
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /plʌm/ Audio: en-us-plum.ogg [US], en-au-plumb.ogg [Australia] Forms: plumbs [plural]
enPR: plŭm Rhymes: -ʌm Head templates: {{en-noun}} plumb (plural plumbs)
  1. Obsolete form of plum (“the fruit”). Tags: alt-of, obsolete Alternative form of: plum (extra: the fruit)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-noun-iS5WebQc
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /plʌm/ Audio: en-us-plum.ogg [US], en-au-plumb.ogg [Australia] Forms: plumbs [present, singular, third-person], plumbing [participle, present], plumbed [participle, past], plumbed [past]
enPR: plŭm Rhymes: -ʌm Etymology: From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|plumbe}} Middle English plumbe, {{m|enm|plumme}} plumme, {{der|en|fro|*plombe}} Old French *plombe, {{der|en|la|plumba}} Latin plumba, {{m|la|plumbum}} plumbum Head templates: {{en-verb}} plumb (third-person singular simple present plumbs, present participle plumbing, simple past and past participle plumbed)
  1. To determine the depth, generally of a liquid; to sound. Translations (to determine the depth): определям дълбочината (opredeljam dǎlbočinata) (Bulgarian), luodata (Finnish), appiombare (Italian), ⁧شاقوللامق⁩ (şakullamak) (Ottoman Turkish), şakullemek (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-YqoFWPur Disambiguation of 'to determine the depth': 61 1 27 1 3 0 1 1 3 1
  2. To attach to a water supply and drain. Translations (to attach to water supply or drain): liittää vesijohtoon (Finnish), liittää viemäriin (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-Cmbzf88H Disambiguation of 'to attach to water supply or drain': 2 85 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 2
  3. (transitive, figurative) To think about or explore in depth, to get to the bottom of, especially to plumb the depths of. Tags: figuratively, transitive Translations (to explore in depth): syväluodata (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-yUPxUvml Disambiguation of 'to explore in depth': 22 1 70 1 2 0 1 1 2 1
  4. To use a plumb bob as a measuring or aligning tool. Translations (to use plumb bob): пускам отвес (puskam otves) (Bulgarian), luodata (Finnish), acchiummari (Sicilian)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-KoQtYhpL Disambiguation of 'to use plumb bob': 1 2 2 83 2 0 1 6 1 2
  5. To accurately align vertically or horizontally. Translations (to accurately align): rihdata (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-4PLdO7cZ Disambiguation of 'to accurately align': 7 2 7 6 67 0 1 1 5 4
  6. (dated) To seal something with lead. Tags: dated Translations (to seal with lead): juottaa lyijyllä (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-FTv-T9hC Disambiguation of 'to seal with lead': 0 0 0 0 0 90 6 5 0 0
  7. (intransitive) To work as a plumber. Tags: intransitive Translations (to work as plumber): olla putkimiehenä (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-Dvu09-ga Disambiguation of 'to work as plumber': 3 2 2 3 1 2 81 1 3 1
  8. (rare) To fall or sink like a plummet. Tags: rare Translations (to fall or sink like a plummet): pudota kuin kivi (Finnish), upota kuin kivi (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-mYgarjt~ Disambiguation of 'to fall or sink like a plummet': 1 1 1 3 0 1 0 91 1 0
  9. (US, colloquial, figuratively, obsolete) To trace a road or track; to follow it to its end. Tags: US, colloquial, figuratively, obsolete Translations (to trace a road or track): seurata (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-rYDKzY71 Categories (other): American English Disambiguation of 'to trace a road or track': 3 1 4 1 2 0 1 1 86 1
  10. (nautical) To position vertically above or below. Categories (topical): Nautical
    Sense id: en-plumb-en-verb-0oZiPD8g Topics: nautical, transport
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for plumb meaning in English (20.1kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more plumb",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most plumb",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (comparative more plumb, superlative most plumb)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Truly vertical, as indicated by a plumb line."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-adj-hd-ytd3n",
      "links": [
        [
          "Truly",
          "truly"
        ],
        [
          "vertical",
          "vertical"
        ],
        [
          "plumb line",
          "plumb line"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "perpendicular"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otvesen",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "отвесен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "lodret"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "vater"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "loodrecht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "in het lood"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "kohtisuora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "lotrecht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "prumo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "truly vertical",
          "word": "lodrät"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Cricket",
          "orig": "en:Cricket",
          "parents": [
            "Ball games",
            "Sports",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Describing an LBW where the batsman is hit on the pads directly in front of their wicket and should be given out."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-adj-q9C64fn0",
      "links": [
        [
          "cricket",
          "cricket"
        ],
        [
          "LBW",
          "LBW"
        ],
        [
          "batsman",
          "batsman"
        ],
        [
          "pad",
          "pad"
        ],
        [
          "wicket",
          "wicket"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cricket) Describing an LBW where the batsman is hit on the pads directly in front of their wicket and should be given out."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "ball-games",
        "cricket",
        "games",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plumb-crazy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "plumb (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In a vertical direction; perpendicularly."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-adv-y4FxhtBB",
      "links": [
        [
          "perpendicular",
          "perpendicular"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otvesno",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "отвесно"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "loodrecht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "in het lood"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "kohtisuoraan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "kohtisuorasti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "kohtisuorassa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "senkrecht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "in a vertical direction",
          "word": "lotrecht"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It hit him plumb in the middle of his face."
        },
        {
          "text": "Years ago the well plumb dried out, not a drop of water in there since."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 9, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 143",
          "text": "'Are you sure of that, M. Hardman?' 'I'm plumb certain.'.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Squarely, directly; deeply, completely."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-adv-suIO34ZH",
      "links": [
        [
          "Squarely",
          "squarely"
        ],
        [
          "directly",
          "directly"
        ],
        [
          "deeply",
          "deeply"
        ],
        [
          "completely",
          "completely"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Squarely, directly; deeply, completely."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pravo",
          "sense": "squarely, completely",
          "word": "право"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "napǎlno",
          "sense": "squarely, completely",
          "word": "напълно"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhèng",
          "sense": "squarely, completely",
          "word": "正"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "squarely",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "squarely, completely",
          "word": "suoraan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "squarely, completely",
          "word": "täysin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "completely",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "squarely, completely",
          "word": "kokonaan"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "off plumb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "out of plumb"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plumb bob"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plumb line"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "plumb rule"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumbs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (plural plumbs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A little mass of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-noun-CBR8-bRt",
      "links": [
        [
          "lead",
          "lead"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "builder",
          "builder"
        ],
        [
          "indicate",
          "indicate"
        ],
        [
          "vertical",
          "vertical"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "70 7 23",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otves",
          "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "отвес"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 7 23",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
          "word": "luoti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 7 23",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
          "word": "lyijypaino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 7 23",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "plumb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "70 7 23",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plomada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "58 40 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "lot",
          "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "лот"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "58 40 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
          "word": "luoti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "58 40 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plomada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "58 40 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sonda"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "en:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A weight on the end of a long line, used by sailors to determine the depth of water."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-noun-~MQzkB-A",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight"
        ],
        [
          "sailor",
          "sailor"
        ],
        [
          "determine",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "depth",
          "depth"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) A weight on the end of a long line, used by sailors to determine the depth of water."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The perpendicular direction or position."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-noun-MJLwiNxt",
      "links": [
        [
          "perpendicular",
          "perpendicular"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "topics": [
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "plummet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "plumb bob"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "plumb line"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumbs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plumbing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plumbed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plumbed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (third-person singular simple present plumbs, present participle plumbing, simple past and past participle plumbed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To determine the depth, generally of a liquid; to sound."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-YqoFWPur",
      "links": [
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "61 1 27 1 3 0 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "opredeljam dǎlbočinata",
          "sense": "to determine the depth",
          "word": "определям дълбочината"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 1 27 1 3 0 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to determine the depth",
          "word": "luodata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 1 27 1 3 0 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to determine the depth",
          "word": "appiombare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 1 27 1 3 0 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "şakullamak",
          "sense": "to determine the depth",
          "word": "⁧شاقوللامق⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "61 1 27 1 3 0 1 1 3 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to determine the depth",
          "word": "şakullemek"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To attach to a water supply and drain."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-Cmbzf88H",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 85 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to attach to water supply or drain",
          "word": "liittää vesijohtoon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 85 3 3 1 0 1 1 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to attach to water supply or drain",
          "word": "liittää viemäriin"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2011, Catherine Lanigan, The Texan",
          "text": "Delving to the core of her heart, his blue-green eyes plumbed her psyche, stripping it of all defenses, all resolve.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "May 29 2021, David Hytner, “Chelsea win Champions League after Kai Havertz stuns Manchester City”, in The Guardian",
          "text": "The pressure had been on City, on Guardiola, to deliver the trophy that Sheikh Mansour has craved since his takeover in 2008 but it was an occasion when the manager found a new way to lose, to plumb fresh depths of frustration.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To think about or explore in depth, to get to the bottom of, especially to plumb the depths of."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-yUPxUvml",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) To think about or explore in depth, to get to the bottom of, especially to plumb the depths of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "22 1 70 1 2 0 1 1 2 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to explore in depth",
          "word": "syväluodata"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To use a plumb bob as a measuring or aligning tool."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-KoQtYhpL",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 2 2 83 2 0 1 6 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "puskam otves",
          "sense": "to use plumb bob",
          "word": "пускам отвес"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 2 2 83 2 0 1 6 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to use plumb bob",
          "word": "luodata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 2 2 83 2 0 1 6 1 2",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "to use plumb bob",
          "word": "acchiummari"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To accurately align vertically or horizontally."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-4PLdO7cZ",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 2 7 6 67 0 1 1 5 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to accurately align",
          "word": "rihdata"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To seal something with lead."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-FTv-T9hC",
      "links": [
        [
          "seal",
          "seal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) To seal something with lead."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 90 6 5 0 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to seal with lead",
          "word": "juottaa lyijyllä"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To work as a plumber."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-Dvu09-ga",
      "links": [
        [
          "plumber",
          "plumber"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To work as a plumber."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 2 3 1 2 81 1 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to work as plumber",
          "word": "olla putkimiehenä"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To fall or sink like a plummet."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-mYgarjt~",
      "links": [
        [
          "plummet",
          "plummet"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To fall or sink like a plummet."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 3 0 1 0 91 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to fall or sink like a plummet",
          "word": "pudota kuin kivi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 3 0 1 0 91 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to fall or sink like a plummet",
          "word": "upota kuin kivi"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "American English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To trace a road or track; to follow it to its end."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-rYDKzY71",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, colloquial, figuratively, obsolete) To trace a road or track; to follow it to its end."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "colloquial",
        "figuratively",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 1 4 1 2 0 1 1 86 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to trace a road or track",
          "word": "seurata"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "en:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To position vertically above or below."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-verb-0oZiPD8g",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) To position vertically above or below."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumbs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (plural plumbs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "the fruit",
          "word": "plum"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1767, Select Essays on Husbandry",
          "text": "Without attending to sub-divisions, all the pears are of one species, as well as all the apples, plumbs, peaches, cherries, lemons, citrons, oranges […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Obsolete form of plum (“the fruit”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumb-en-noun-iS5WebQc",
      "links": [
        [
          "plum",
          "plum#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more plumb",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most plumb",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (comparative more plumb, superlative most plumb)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Truly vertical, as indicated by a plumb line."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Truly",
          "truly"
        ],
        [
          "vertical",
          "vertical"
        ],
        [
          "plumb line",
          "plumb line"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Cricket"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Describing an LBW where the batsman is hit on the pads directly in front of their wicket and should be given out."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cricket",
          "cricket"
        ],
        [
          "LBW",
          "LBW"
        ],
        [
          "batsman",
          "batsman"
        ],
        [
          "pad",
          "pad"
        ],
        [
          "wicket",
          "wicket"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cricket) Describing an LBW where the batsman is hit on the pads directly in front of their wicket and should be given out."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "ball-games",
        "cricket",
        "games",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "perpendicular"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otvesen",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "отвесен"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "lodret"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "vater"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "loodrecht"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "in het lood"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "kohtisuora"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "lotrecht"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "prumo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "truly vertical",
      "word": "lodrät"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "plumb-crazy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "plumb (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In a vertical direction; perpendicularly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perpendicular",
          "perpendicular"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It hit him plumb in the middle of his face."
        },
        {
          "text": "Years ago the well plumb dried out, not a drop of water in there since."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 9, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 143",
          "text": "'Are you sure of that, M. Hardman?' 'I'm plumb certain.'.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Squarely, directly; deeply, completely."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Squarely",
          "squarely"
        ],
        [
          "directly",
          "directly"
        ],
        [
          "deeply",
          "deeply"
        ],
        [
          "completely",
          "completely"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) Squarely, directly; deeply, completely."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otvesno",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "отвесно"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "loodrecht"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "in het lood"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "kohtisuoraan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "kohtisuorasti"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "kohtisuorassa"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "senkrecht"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "in a vertical direction",
      "word": "lotrecht"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pravo",
      "sense": "squarely, completely",
      "word": "право"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "napǎlno",
      "sense": "squarely, completely",
      "word": "напълно"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhèng",
      "sense": "squarely, completely",
      "word": "正"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "squarely",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "squarely, completely",
      "word": "suoraan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "squarely, completely",
      "word": "täysin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "completely",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "squarely, completely",
      "word": "kokonaan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "off plumb"
    },
    {
      "word": "out of plumb"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumb bob"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumb line"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumb rule"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumbs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (plural plumbs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A little mass of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lead",
          "lead"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "builder",
          "builder"
        ],
        [
          "indicate",
          "indicate"
        ],
        [
          "vertical",
          "vertical"
        ],
        [
          "direction",
          "direction"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A weight on the end of a long line, used by sailors to determine the depth of water."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight"
        ],
        [
          "sailor",
          "sailor"
        ],
        [
          "determine",
          "determine"
        ],
        [
          "depth",
          "depth"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) A weight on the end of a long line, used by sailors to determine the depth of water."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The perpendicular direction or position."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perpendicular",
          "perpendicular"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "topics": [
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "plummet"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "plumb bob"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "construction",
        "manufacturing",
        "business"
      ],
      "word": "plumb line"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otves",
      "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "отвес"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
      "word": "luoti"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
      "word": "lyijypaino"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "plumb"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mass attached to a line to indicate vertical direction",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plomada"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "lot",
      "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "лот"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
      "word": "luoti"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plomada"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "nautical: mass attached to a line to indicate depth",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sonda"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "plumbe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English plumbe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "plumme"
      },
      "expansion": "plumme",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*plombe"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *plombe",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plumba"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plumba",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plumbum"
      },
      "expansion": "plumbum",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English plumbe, plumme, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumbs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plumbing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plumbed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plumbed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (third-person singular simple present plumbs, present participle plumbing, simple past and past participle plumbed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To determine the depth, generally of a liquid; to sound."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To attach to a water supply and drain."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2011, Catherine Lanigan, The Texan",
          "text": "Delving to the core of her heart, his blue-green eyes plumbed her psyche, stripping it of all defenses, all resolve.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "May 29 2021, David Hytner, “Chelsea win Champions League after Kai Havertz stuns Manchester City”, in The Guardian",
          "text": "The pressure had been on City, on Guardiola, to deliver the trophy that Sheikh Mansour has craved since his takeover in 2008 but it was an occasion when the manager found a new way to lose, to plumb fresh depths of frustration.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To think about or explore in depth, to get to the bottom of, especially to plumb the depths of."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) To think about or explore in depth, to get to the bottom of, especially to plumb the depths of."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To use a plumb bob as a measuring or aligning tool."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To accurately align vertically or horizontally."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To seal something with lead."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "seal",
          "seal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dated) To seal something with lead."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To work as a plumber."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plumber",
          "plumber"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To work as a plumber."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To fall or sink like a plummet."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plummet",
          "plummet"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To fall or sink like a plummet."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English",
        "English colloquialisms",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To trace a road or track; to follow it to its end."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US, colloquial, figuratively, obsolete) To trace a road or track; to follow it to its end."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US",
        "colloquial",
        "figuratively",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To position vertically above or below."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) To position vertically above or below."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "opredeljam dǎlbočinata",
      "sense": "to determine the depth",
      "word": "определям дълбочината"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to determine the depth",
      "word": "luodata"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to determine the depth",
      "word": "appiombare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "şakullamak",
      "sense": "to determine the depth",
      "word": "⁧شاقوللامق⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to determine the depth",
      "word": "şakullemek"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to attach to water supply or drain",
      "word": "liittää vesijohtoon"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to attach to water supply or drain",
      "word": "liittää viemäriin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to explore in depth",
      "word": "syväluodata"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "puskam otves",
      "sense": "to use plumb bob",
      "word": "пускам отвес"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to use plumb bob",
      "word": "luodata"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "to use plumb bob",
      "word": "acchiummari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to accurately align",
      "word": "rihdata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to seal with lead",
      "word": "juottaa lyijyllä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to work as plumber",
      "word": "olla putkimiehenä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to fall or sink like a plummet",
      "word": "pudota kuin kivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to fall or sink like a plummet",
      "word": "upota kuin kivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to trace a road or track",
      "word": "seurata"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [],
  "etymology_text": "",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumbs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "plumb (plural plumbs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "the fruit",
          "word": "plum"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English obsolete forms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1767, Select Essays on Husbandry",
          "text": "Without attending to sub-divisions, all the pears are of one species, as well as all the apples, plumbs, peaches, cherries, lemons, citrons, oranges […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Obsolete form of plum (“the fruit”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plum",
          "plum#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/plʌm/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌm"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "plum"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-plum.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg/En-us-plum.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-plum.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-plumb.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg/En-au-plumb.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/En-au-plumb.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plŭm"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumb"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.