"plumage" meaning in English

See plumage in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈpluːmɪd͡ʒ/ [UK], /ˈpljuːmɪd͡ʒ/ [obsolete] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-plumage.wav [Southern-England] Forms: plumages [plural]
enPR: plo͞om'ĭj [obsolete], plyo͞om'ĭj [obsolete] Rhymes: -uːmɪdʒ Etymology: From Old French plumage (14c.), itself from plume (“feather”) (from Latin plūma (“feather, down”), from a Proto-Indo-European base *plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”) + -age. Etymology templates: {{der|en|fro|plumage}} Old French plumage, {{m|fro|plume|t=feather}} plume (“feather”), {{der|en|la|plūma|t=feather, down}} Latin plūma (“feather, down”), {{der|en|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{m|ine-pro|*plews-|t=to pluck, a feather, fleece}} *plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”), {{m|fro|-age}} -age Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} plumage (countable and uncountable, plural plumages)
  1. (ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering. Tags: collective, countable, noun, uncountable Categories (topical): Ornithology Categories (lifeform): Birds Synonyms: pennage [obsolete] Translations (collection of feathers covering a bird’s body): رَخْت (raḵt) [masculine] (Arabic), перушина (perušina) [feminine] (Bulgarian), оперение (operenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), အမွေး (a.mwe:) (Burmese), plomatge [masculine] (Catalan), 羽毛 (yǔmáo) (Chinese Mandarin), peří [neuter] (Czech), fjerdragt [common-gender] (Danish), pluimage [feminine] (Dutch), gevederte [neuter] (Dutch), verenkleed [neuter] (Dutch), plumaro (Esperanto), höyhenpeite (Finnish), höyhenet (Finnish), höyhenpuku (Finnish), plumage [masculine] (French), plume (english: pars pro toto) [feminine] (French), plumée [feminine] (French), pennage [masculine] [falconry, hunting, hobbies, lifestyle] (French), plumaxe [feminine] (Galician), Gefieder [neuter] (German), Vogelgefieder [neuter] (German), Federkleid [neuter] (German), Federschmuck [masculine] (German), φτέρωμα (ftéroma) [neuter] (Greek), toll (Hungarian), tollazat (Hungarian), fjaðrir [feminine, plural] (Icelandic), fjaðraskraut [neuter] (Icelandic), plumaro (Ido), cluimhreach [feminine] (Irish), clúmh [masculine] (Irish), piumaggio [masculine] (Italian), piume [feminine, plural] (Italian), 羽毛 (umō) (alt: うもう) (Japanese), 깃털 (git'teol) (Korean), перје (perje) [neuter] (Macedonian), fjærdrakt [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), fjørdrakt [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), fjærham [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), fjørham [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), fjørdrakt [feminine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), fjørham [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), ریش (riş) (Ottoman Turkish), pierze [neuter] (Polish), plumagem [feminine] (Portuguese), опере́ние (operénije) [neuter] (Russian), пе̑рје [Cyrillic, neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), pȇrje [Roman, neuter] (Serbo-Croatian), plumaje [masculine] (Spanish), fjäderdräkt [common-gender] (Swedish), plümem (Volapük), bödaplümem (Volapük), penaklot (Volapük)
    Sense id: en-plumage-en-noun-PfheIqEk Disambiguation of Birds: 91 9 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 88 12 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 91 9 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, ornithology Disambiguation of 'collection of feathers covering a bird’s body': 98 2
  2. Finery or elaborate dress. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (finery or elaborate dress): رَخْت (raḵt) [masculine] (Arabic), премяна (premjana) [feminine] (Bulgarian), vol ornaat (Dutch), ریش (riş) (Ottoman Turkish)
    Sense id: en-plumage-en-noun-1mePnVlD Disambiguation of 'finery or elaborate dress': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: alternate plumage, basic plumage Related terms: deplume, plumate, plume, plumelet, plumose, plumule, plumy

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for plumage meaning in English (13.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "alternate plumage"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "basic plumage"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "plumage"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French plumage",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "plume",
        "t": "feather"
      },
      "expansion": "plume (“feather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plūma",
        "t": "feather, down"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather, down”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*plews-",
        "t": "to pluck, a feather, fleece"
      },
      "expansion": "*plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "-age"
      },
      "expansion": "-age",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French plumage (14c.), itself from plume (“feather”) (from Latin plūma (“feather, down”), from a Proto-Indo-European base *plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”) + -age.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumages",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "plumage (countable and uncountable, plural plumages)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "deplume"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plumate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plume"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plumelet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plumose"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plumule"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "plumy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ornithology",
          "orig": "en:Ornithology",
          "parents": [
            "Zoology",
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Birds",
          "orig": "en:Birds",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1969, Monty Python, “Monty Python’s Flying Circus”, in Dead Parrot sketch",
          "text": "[Owner]: No no he's not dead, he's, he's restin'! Remarkable bird, the Norwegian Blue, idn'it, ay? Beautiful plumage!\n[Mr. Praline]: The plumage don't enter into it. It's stone dead.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumage-en-noun-PfheIqEk",
      "links": [
        [
          "ornithology",
          "ornithology"
        ],
        [
          "feather",
          "feather"
        ],
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ],
        [
          "ornament",
          "ornament"
        ],
        [
          "feathering",
          "feathering"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "pennage"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "countable",
        "noun",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "ornithology"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "raḵt",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "رَخْت"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "perušina",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "перушина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "operenie",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "оперение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "a.mwe:",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "အမွေး"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plomatge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yǔmáo",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "羽毛"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "peří"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fjerdragt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pluimage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "gevederte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "verenkleed"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "plumaro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "höyhenpeite"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "höyhenet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "höyhenpuku"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plumage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "english": "pars pro toto",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plume"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plumée"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "topics": [
            "falconry",
            "hunting",
            "hobbies",
            "lifestyle"
          ],
          "word": "pennage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plumaxe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Gefieder"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Vogelgefieder"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Federkleid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Federschmuck"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ftéroma",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "φτέρωμα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "toll"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "tollazat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "fjaðrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "fjaðraskraut"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "plumaro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cluimhreach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "clúmh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "piumaggio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "piume"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "うもう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "umō",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "羽毛"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "git'teol",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "깃털"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "perje",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "перје"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fjærdrakt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fjørdrakt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fjærham"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fjørham"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fjørdrakt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fjørham"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "riş",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "ریش"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pierze"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "plumagem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "operénije",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "опере́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "пе̑рје"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pȇrje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "plumaje"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fjäderdräkt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "plümem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "bödaplümem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
          "word": "penaklot"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Finery or elaborate dress."
      ],
      "id": "en-plumage-en-noun-1mePnVlD",
      "links": [
        [
          "Finery",
          "finery"
        ],
        [
          "elaborate",
          "elaborate"
        ],
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "raḵt",
          "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "رَخْت"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "premjana",
          "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "премяна"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
          "word": "vol ornaat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "riş",
          "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
          "word": "ریش"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpluːmɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpljuːmɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːmɪdʒ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-plumage.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plo͞om'ĭj",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plyo͞om'ĭj",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumage"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/uːmɪdʒ",
    "en:Birds"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "alternate plumage"
    },
    {
      "word": "basic plumage"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "plumage"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French plumage",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "plume",
        "t": "feather"
      },
      "expansion": "plume (“feather”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plūma",
        "t": "feather, down"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather, down”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*plews-",
        "t": "to pluck, a feather, fleece"
      },
      "expansion": "*plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "-age"
      },
      "expansion": "-age",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French plumage (14c.), itself from plume (“feather”) (from Latin plūma (“feather, down”), from a Proto-Indo-European base *plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”) + -age.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plumages",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "plumage (countable and uncountable, plural plumages)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "deplume"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumate"
    },
    {
      "word": "plume"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumelet"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumose"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumule"
    },
    {
      "word": "plumy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Ornithology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1969, Monty Python, “Monty Python’s Flying Circus”, in Dead Parrot sketch",
          "text": "[Owner]: No no he's not dead, he's, he's restin'! Remarkable bird, the Norwegian Blue, idn'it, ay? Beautiful plumage!\n[Mr. Praline]: The plumage don't enter into it. It's stone dead.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ornithology",
          "ornithology"
        ],
        [
          "feather",
          "feather"
        ],
        [
          "bird",
          "bird"
        ],
        [
          "ornament",
          "ornament"
        ],
        [
          "feathering",
          "feathering"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "pennage"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "countable",
        "noun",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "ornithology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Finery or elaborate dress."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Finery",
          "finery"
        ],
        [
          "elaborate",
          "elaborate"
        ],
        [
          "dress",
          "dress"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpluːmɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpljuːmɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːmɪdʒ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-plumage.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-plumage.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plo͞om'ĭj",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "plyo͞om'ĭj",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "raḵt",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "رَخْت"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "perušina",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "перушина"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "operenie",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "оперение"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "a.mwe:",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "အမွေး"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plomatge"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yǔmáo",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "羽毛"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "peří"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fjerdragt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pluimage"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "gevederte"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "verenkleed"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "plumaro"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "höyhenpeite"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "höyhenet"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "höyhenpuku"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plumage"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "english": "pars pro toto",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plume"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plumée"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "falconry",
        "hunting",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "pennage"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plumaxe"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Gefieder"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Vogelgefieder"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Federkleid"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Federschmuck"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ftéroma",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "φτέρωμα"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "toll"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "tollazat"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "fjaðrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "fjaðraskraut"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "plumaro"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cluimhreach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "clúmh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "piumaggio"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "piume"
    },
    {
      "alt": "うもう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "umō",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "羽毛"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "git'teol",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "깃털"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "perje",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "перје"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fjærdrakt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fjørdrakt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fjærham"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fjørham"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fjørdrakt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fjørham"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "riş",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "ریش"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pierze"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "plumagem"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "operénije",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "опере́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "пе̑рје"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pȇrje"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "plumaje"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fjäderdräkt"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "plümem"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "bödaplümem"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "collection of feathers covering a bird’s body",
      "word": "penaklot"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "raḵt",
      "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "رَخْت"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "premjana",
      "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "премяна"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
      "word": "vol ornaat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "riş",
      "sense": "finery or elaborate dress",
      "word": "ریش"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plumage"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.