"plenum" meaning in English

See plenum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈpliːnəm/, /ˈplɛnəm/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-plenum.wav [US] Forms: plenums [plural], plena [plural]
Rhymes: -iːnəm, -ɛnəm Etymology: From Latin plēnum, noun use of neuter of plēnus (“full”). The sense of "legislative meeting" is a semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”), from the same Latin source. Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|plēnum}} Latin plēnum, {{m|la|plēnus||full}} plēnus (“full”), {{sl|en|ru|пле́нум||plenary session|nocap=1}} semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”) Head templates: {{en-noun|s|plena}} plenum (plural plenums or plena)
  1. (physics) A space that is completely filled with matter. Categories (topical): Physics Translations (a space that is completely filled with matter): 充滿 (Chinese Mandarin), 充满 (chōngmǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), 充實 (Chinese Mandarin), 充实 (chōngshí) (Chinese Mandarin), täysi tila (Finnish), 充実 (jūjitsu) (alt: じゅうじつ) (Japanese)
    Sense id: en-plenum-en-noun-en:physics Topics: natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics Disambiguation of 'a space that is completely filled with matter': 86 1 1 5 4 3
  2. (figuratively) A state of fullness, a great quantity (of something). Tags: figuratively Translations (a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)): пълнота (pǎlnota) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 充滿 (Chinese Mandarin), 充满 (chōngmǎn) (Chinese Mandarin), 充實 (Chinese Mandarin), 充实 (chōngshí) (Chinese Mandarin), 充実 (jūjitsu) (alt: じゅうじつ) (Japanese)
    Sense id: en-plenum-en-noun-en:fullness Disambiguation of 'a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)': 1 96 0 1 1 2
  3. A legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present. Translations (a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present): пле́нум (pljénum) [masculine] (Belarusian), пленум (plenum) [masculine] (Bulgarian), 全體會議 (Chinese Mandarin), 全体会议 (quántǐ huìyì) (Chinese Mandarin), 全會 (Chinese Mandarin), 全会 (quánhuì) (Chinese Mandarin), täysistunto (Finnish), yleiskokous (Finnish), Plenum [neuter] (German), ολομέλεια (oloméleia) [feminine] (Greek), 総会 (sōkai) (alt: そうかい) (Japanese), 全体会議 (zentaikaigi) (alt: ぜんたいかいぎ) (Japanese), алқалық мәжіліс (alqalyq mäjılıs) (Kazakh), алқалық жиналыс (alqalyq jinalys) (Kazakh), пленум (plenum) (Kazakh), 총회 (chonghoe) (alt: 總會) (Korean), plenum [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), plenum [neuter] (Norwegian Nynorsk), پلنوم (plenom) (Persian), пле́нум (plénum) [masculine] (Russian), pleno [masculine] (Spanish), пле́нум (plénum) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-plenum-en-noun-en:meeting Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 8 1 39 30 4 18 Disambiguation of 'a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present': 1 0 89 5 0 4
  4. An enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure. Translations (enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure): 高壓 (Chinese Mandarin), 高压 (gāoyā) (Chinese Mandarin), ylipainetila (Finnish), プレナム (purenamu) (Japanese)
    Sense id: en-plenum-en-noun-en:high_atmospheric_pressure Disambiguation of 'enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure': 5 1 7 78 3 6
  5. The space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc. Translations (space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.): alakaton ontelo (Finnish), alakaton yläpuolinen tila (Finnish), alakaton päällä oleva tila (Finnish), プレナム (purenamu) (Japanese)
    Sense id: en-plenum-en-noun-en:cable_space Disambiguation of 'space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.': 4 1 1 5 83 6
  6. (computing) A type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code. These cables produce less smoke and fumes in the event of fire. Categories (topical): Computing Translations (type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code): プレナム (Japanese)
    Sense id: en-plenum-en-noun-en:computing Topics: computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences Disambiguation of 'type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code': 2 1 6 4 2 85
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: plenum chamber Related terms: plenary, in pleno

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for plenum meaning in English (13.2kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vacuum"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plenum chamber"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plēnum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēnum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plēnus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "plēnus (“full”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "пле́нум",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plenary session",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”)",
      "name": "sl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin plēnum, noun use of neuter of plēnus (“full”). The sense of \"legislative meeting\" is a semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”), from the same Latin source.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plenums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plena",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s",
        "2": "plena"
      },
      "expansion": "plenum (plural plenums or plena)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "plenary"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "in pleno"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Physics",
          "orig": "en:Physics",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1946, Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy",
          "text": "The idea was that a thing could only move into an empty place, and that, in a plenum, there are no empty places.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001, Edward Grant, God and Reason in the Middle Ages, page 176",
          "text": "The key to understanding medieval interpretations of motion in hypothetically void space is to realize that medieval natural philosophers analyzed the same bodies in the void that they discussed in the plenum of their ordinary world.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A space that is completely filled with matter."
      ],
      "id": "en-plenum-en-noun-en:physics",
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "space",
          "space"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics) A space that is completely filled with matter."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:physics"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "86 1 1 5 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
          "word": "充滿"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 1 1 5 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chōngmǎn",
          "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
          "word": "充满"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 1 1 5 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
          "word": "充實"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 1 1 5 4 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chōngshí",
          "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
          "word": "充实"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 1 1 5 4 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
          "word": "täysi tila"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 1 1 5 4 3",
          "alt": "じゅうじつ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "jūjitsu",
          "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
          "word": "充実"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1974, Guy Davenport, Tatlin!",
          "text": "He lay on the long stone slant down to the slapping waves, his denim shorts, sneakers, and socks under his head for a pillow, feeling the splendour of distance in all directions, the liquid silence, the plenum of aloneness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)."
      ],
      "id": "en-plenum-en-noun-en:fullness",
      "links": [
        [
          "fullness",
          "fullness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) A state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:fullness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 96 0 1 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pǎlnota",
          "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "пълнота"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 96 0 1 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
          "word": "充滿"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 96 0 1 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chōngmǎn",
          "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
          "word": "充满"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 96 0 1 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
          "word": "充實"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 96 0 1 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chōngshí",
          "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
          "word": "充实"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 96 0 1 1 2",
          "alt": "じゅうじつ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "jūjitsu",
          "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
          "word": "充実"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 1 39 30 4 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present."
      ],
      "id": "en-plenum-en-noun-en:meeting",
      "links": [
        [
          "legislative",
          "legislative"
        ],
        [
          "meeting",
          "meeting"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:meeting"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "pljénum",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пле́нум"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "plenum",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пленум"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "全體會議"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "quántǐ huìyì",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "全体会议"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "全會"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "quánhuì",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "全会"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "täysistunto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "yleiskokous"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Plenum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "oloméleia",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ολομέλεια"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "alt": "そうかい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "sōkai",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "総会"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "alt": "ぜんたいかいぎ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "zentaikaigi",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "全体会議"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "alqalyq mäjılıs",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "алқалық мәжіліс"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "alqalyq jinalys",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "алқалық жиналыс"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "plenum",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "пленум"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "alt": "總會",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "chonghoe",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "총회"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "plenum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "plenum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "plenom",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "word": "پلنوم"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "plénum",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пле́нум"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pleno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 0 89 5 0 4",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "plénum",
          "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пле́нум"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure."
      ],
      "id": "en-plenum-en-noun-en:high_atmospheric_pressure",
      "links": [
        [
          "atmospheric",
          "atmospheric"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:high atmospheric pressure"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 1 7 78 3 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
          "word": "高壓"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 1 7 78 3 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gāoyā",
          "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
          "word": "高压"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 1 7 78 3 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
          "word": "ylipainetila"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 1 7 78 3 6",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "purenamu",
          "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
          "word": "プレナム"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-plenum-en-noun-en:cable_space",
      "links": [
        [
          "false ceiling",
          "false ceiling"
        ],
        [
          "cable",
          "cable"
        ],
        [
          "duct",
          "duct"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:cable space"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 1 5 83 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
          "word": "alakaton ontelo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 1 5 83 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
          "word": "alakaton yläpuolinen tila"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 1 5 83 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
          "word": "alakaton päällä oleva tila"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 1 1 5 83 6",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "purenamu",
          "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
          "word": "プレナム"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Computing",
          "orig": "en:Computing",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code. These cables produce less smoke and fumes in the event of fire."
      ],
      "id": "en-plenum-en-noun-en:computing",
      "links": [
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(computing) A type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code. These cables produce less smoke and fumes in the event of fire."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:computing"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 6 4 2 85",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code",
          "word": "プレナム"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpliːnəm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛnəm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːnəm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛnəm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-plenum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plenum"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vacuum"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English semantic loans from Russian",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Russian",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/iːnəm",
    "Rhymes:English/iːnəm/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛnəm",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛnəm/2 syllables",
    "pl:Collectives"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "plenum chamber"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "plēnum"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin plēnum",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "plēnus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "full"
      },
      "expansion": "plēnus (“full”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "пле́нум",
        "4": "",
        "5": "plenary session",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”)",
      "name": "sl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin plēnum, noun use of neuter of plēnus (“full”). The sense of \"legislative meeting\" is a semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”), from the same Latin source.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "plenums",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "plena",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "s",
        "2": "plena"
      },
      "expansion": "plenum (plural plenums or plena)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "plenary"
    },
    {
      "word": "in pleno"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Physics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1946, Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy",
          "text": "The idea was that a thing could only move into an empty place, and that, in a plenum, there are no empty places.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001, Edward Grant, God and Reason in the Middle Ages, page 176",
          "text": "The key to understanding medieval interpretations of motion in hypothetically void space is to realize that medieval natural philosophers analyzed the same bodies in the void that they discussed in the plenum of their ordinary world.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A space that is completely filled with matter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "space",
          "space"
        ],
        [
          "matter",
          "matter"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics) A space that is completely filled with matter."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:physics"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1974, Guy Davenport, Tatlin!",
          "text": "He lay on the long stone slant down to the slapping waves, his denim shorts, sneakers, and socks under his head for a pillow, feeling the splendour of distance in all directions, the liquid silence, the plenum of aloneness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fullness",
          "fullness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) A state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:fullness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "legislative",
          "legislative"
        ],
        [
          "meeting",
          "meeting"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:meeting"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "atmospheric",
          "atmospheric"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:high atmospheric pressure"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "false ceiling",
          "false ceiling"
        ],
        [
          "cable",
          "cable"
        ],
        [
          "duct",
          "duct"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:cable space"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Computing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code. These cables produce less smoke and fumes in the event of fire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "computing",
          "computing#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(computing) A type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code. These cables produce less smoke and fumes in the event of fire."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:computing"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpliːnəm/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈplɛnəm/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːnəm"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛnəm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-plenum.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-plenum.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
      "word": "充滿"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chōngmǎn",
      "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
      "word": "充满"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
      "word": "充實"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chōngshí",
      "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
      "word": "充实"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
      "word": "täysi tila"
    },
    {
      "alt": "じゅうじつ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "jūjitsu",
      "sense": "a space that is completely filled with matter",
      "word": "充実"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pǎlnota",
      "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "пълнота"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
      "word": "充滿"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chōngmǎn",
      "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
      "word": "充满"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
      "word": "充實"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chōngshí",
      "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
      "word": "充实"
    },
    {
      "alt": "じゅうじつ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "jūjitsu",
      "sense": "a state of fullness, a great quantity (of something)",
      "word": "充実"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "pljénum",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пле́нум"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "plenum",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пленум"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "全體會議"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "quántǐ huìyì",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "全体会议"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "全會"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "quánhuì",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "全会"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "täysistunto"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "yleiskokous"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Plenum"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "oloméleia",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ολομέλεια"
    },
    {
      "alt": "そうかい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sōkai",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "総会"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ぜんたいかいぎ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "zentaikaigi",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "全体会議"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "alqalyq mäjılıs",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "алқалық мәжіліс"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "alqalyq jinalys",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "алқалық жиналыс"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "plenum",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "пленум"
    },
    {
      "alt": "總會",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "chonghoe",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "총회"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "plenum"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "plenum"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "plenom",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "word": "پلنوم"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "plénum",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пле́нум"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pleno"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "plénum",
      "sense": "a legislative meeting (especially of the Communist Party) in which all members are present",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пле́нум"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
      "word": "高壓"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gāoyā",
      "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
      "word": "高压"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
      "word": "ylipainetila"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "purenamu",
      "sense": "enclosed space having greater than atmospheric pressure",
      "word": "プレナム"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
      "word": "alakaton ontelo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
      "word": "alakaton yläpuolinen tila"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
      "word": "alakaton päällä oleva tila"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "purenamu",
      "sense": "space above a false ceiling used for cables, ducts etc.",
      "word": "プレナム"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "type of network cabling which satisfies plenum-ratings issued by the National Electrical Code",
      "word": "プレナム"
    }
  ],
  "word": "plenum"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.