See phloem in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Phloëm"
},
"expansion": "German Phloëm",
"name": "bor"
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{
"args": {
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"in": "1858",
"nobycat": "1",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "coined by Swiss botanist Carl Nägeli in 1858",
"name": "coin"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φλόος",
"4": "",
"5": "husk, bark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φλόος (phlóos, “husk, bark”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in 1872. From German Phloëm, coined by Swiss botanist Carl Nägeli in 1858 from Ancient Greek φλόος (phlóos, “husk, bark”) + a Greek-sounding ending -em (cf. System).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "phloems",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "phloem (plural phloems)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant tissues",
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"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "xylem"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "metaphloem"
},
{
"word": "phloematic"
},
{
"word": "phloeophagous"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot."
],
"id": "en-phloem-en-noun-kymIcpa8",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"vascular",
"vascular"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "phlœm"
},
{
"word": "phloëm"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "phlöem"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "韌皮部"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rènpíbù",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "韧皮部"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lýko"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "floëem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "floemo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "nila"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "phloème"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lapani",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "ლაფანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Phloem"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "háncsrész"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"alt": "しぶ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shibu",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "師部"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "floem"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "tarikai"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floèma"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âvand-e âbkeš",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "آوند آبکش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "łyko"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "floéma",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "флоэ́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lub",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "луб"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lýko",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "лы́ко"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "paniyandaluyan"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pōṣaka kaṇajālamu",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "పోషక కణజాలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "floo-êm",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "โฟลเอ็ม"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfləʊ.əm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"other": "/ˈfləʊ.ɛm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-phloem.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phloem.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phloem.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"enpr": "flōʹəm",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfloʊ.əm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"other": "/ˈfloʊ.ɛm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊɛm"
}
],
"word": "phloem"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "xylem"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "metaphloem"
},
{
"word": "phloematic"
},
{
"word": "phloeophagous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "German Phloëm",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
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"nobycat": "1",
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},
"expansion": "coined by Swiss botanist Carl Nägeli in 1858",
"name": "coin"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "φλόος",
"4": "",
"5": "husk, bark"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φλόος (phlóos, “husk, bark”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in 1872. From German Phloëm, coined by Swiss botanist Carl Nägeli in 1858 from Ancient Greek φλόος (phlóos, “husk, bark”) + a Greek-sounding ending -em (cf. System).",
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"plural"
]
}
],
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"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English terms borrowed from German",
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"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"en:Botany",
"en:Plant anatomy",
"en:Plant tissues"
],
"glosses": [
"A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot."
],
"links": [
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"botany"
],
[
"vascular",
"vascular"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfləʊ.əm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"other": "/ˈfləʊ.ɛm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-phloem.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phloem.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phloem.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phloem.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-phloem.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "flōʹəm",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfloʊ.əm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"other": "/ˈfloʊ.ɛm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊɛm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "phlœm"
},
{
"word": "phloëm"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "phlöem"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "韌皮部"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rènpíbù",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "韧皮部"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lýko"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "floëem"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "floemo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "nila"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "phloème"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lapani",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "ლაფანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Phloem"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "háncsrész"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"alt": "しぶ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shibu",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "師部"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "floem"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "tarikai"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floèma"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âvand-e âbkeš",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "آوند آبکش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "łyko"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floem"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "floéma",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "флоэ́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lub",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "луб"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lýko",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "лы́ко"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "floema"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "paniyandaluyan"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "pōṣaka kaṇajālamu",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "పోషక కణజాలము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "floo-êm",
"sense": "vascular tissue",
"word": "โฟลเอ็ม"
}
],
"word": "phloem"
}
Download raw JSONL data for phloem meaning in English (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.