See pathological in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “mathematics”",
"word": "well-behaved"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "anatomicopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "antipathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "biopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardiopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "clinicopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cytopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dermatopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ecopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "embryopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fetopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gynecopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hematopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hemopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hepatopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "histolopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "histopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ichthyopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "immunopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinesiopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "macropathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "meteoropathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "micropathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "morphopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "multipathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "myopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nanopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nephropathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonpathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ophthalmopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "organopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "osteopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "otopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "palaeopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "paleopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pathological coupling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pathological histology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pathological liar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pathologically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pathological science"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pharmacopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "phytopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "postpathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "prepathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pseudopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "psychopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rheopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sociopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "suprapathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "thermopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toxicopathological"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "zoopathological"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "pathology",
"4": "-ical",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek πάσχω (páskhō)der.\nAncient Greek πᾰ́θος (pắthos)\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logie\nFrench pathologiebor.\nEnglish pathology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish pathological\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πάσχω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πᾰ́θος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"explanation\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λόγος\", \"gloss\" : \"explanation\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"abstract noun suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-λογῐ́ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-logia\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-logie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"pathologie\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pathology\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic\", \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pathological\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pathological\">\nFrom pathology + -ical.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek πάσχω (páskhō)der.\nAncient Greek πᾰ́θος (pắthos)\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logie\nFrench pathologiebor.\nEnglish pathology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish pathological\nFrom pathology + -ical.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more pathological",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most pathological",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pathological (comparative more pathological, superlative most pathological)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pa",
"tho",
"lo",
"gi",
"cal"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 26 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "en:Pathology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
178,
190
]
],
"ref": "1868, Felix von Niemeyer, J. L Parke, Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Phthisis, Moorhead, Simpson & Bond, page 3:",
"text": "But we can no longer regard the mere fact of these diffuse condensations of the lung becoming yellow and caseous as an evidence of their tuberculous nature, especially since the pathological anatomists, and among them Virchow, have shown that formations of the most different kind, having not the slightest connection with tubercule— as, for example, old cancerous masses, lymphatic glands swollen by a hyperplasia of cells, hæmorrhagical infarctions, abscesses, &c.— undergo exactly the same caseous transformation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to pathology."
],
"id": "en-pathological-en-adj-gAyzyfCd",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Pertaining to pathology."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologjik"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "axtabanakan",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "ախտաբանական"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "patalahíčny",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "паталагі́чны"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "patologičen",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "патологичен"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patològic"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologický"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologia"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "pathologique"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patolóxico"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "pathologisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "krankhaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "paiteolaíoch"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologico"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologiczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "zwyrodniały"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologic"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "patologíčeskij",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "патологи́ческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "patolohíčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "патологі́чний"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 33 26 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 26 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
135,
147
]
],
"ref": "1981 April 18, Michael Bronski, “Good Production -- Bad Play”, in Gay Community News, page 10:",
"text": "Paul Canning's performance as Julian gives the character an emotional center that is not in the script: He is vulnerable without being pathological, needy without being pathetic.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to, amounting to, or caused by a physical or mental disorder."
],
"id": "en-pathological-en-adj-DQ2lZvNl",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Relating to, amounting to, or caused by a physical or mental disorder."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 98 0 2",
"sense": "of a physical or mental disorder",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "pathologic"
}
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologjik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patològic"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologický"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "sygelig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "pathologique"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "maladif"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "malsain"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patolóxico"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "pathologisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "krankhaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "galrach"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologico"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"alt": "病的",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "byeongjeok",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "병적"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bimârgune",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "بیمارگونه"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologic"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "patologíčeskij",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "патологи́ческий"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "malsano"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "enfermizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "morboso"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 82 5 12",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "patolohíčnyj",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "патологі́чний"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 33 26 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 26 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having properties which are counterintuitive or difficult to handle."
],
"id": "en-pathological-en-adj-1erFChkV",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"counterintuitive",
"counterintuitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Having properties which are counterintuitive or difficult to handle."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computer science",
"orig": "en:Computer science",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 31 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 33 26 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 32 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 26 29 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 17 29 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 28 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 20 34 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 18 30 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 25 19 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 18 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 22 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 22 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 22 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 23 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 15 25 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 14 20 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 14 22 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 20 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 22 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having properties that cause unusually bad behaviour, especially regarding correctness or performance."
],
"id": "en-pathological-en-adj-v0h8up56",
"links": [
[
"computer science",
"computer science"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer science) Having properties that cause unusually bad behaviour, especially regarding correctness or performance."
],
"topics": [
"computer",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"science",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpæθ.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pathological.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "pathological"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “mathematics”",
"word": "well-behaved"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leǵ-",
"English terms suffixed with -ical",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Pathology"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anatomicopathological"
},
{
"word": "antipathological"
},
{
"word": "biopathological"
},
{
"word": "cardiopathological"
},
{
"word": "clinicopathological"
},
{
"word": "cytopathological"
},
{
"word": "dermatopathological"
},
{
"word": "ecopathological"
},
{
"word": "embryopathological"
},
{
"word": "fetopathological"
},
{
"word": "gynecopathological"
},
{
"word": "hematopathological"
},
{
"word": "hemopathological"
},
{
"word": "hepatopathological"
},
{
"word": "histolopathological"
},
{
"word": "histopathological"
},
{
"word": "ichthyopathological"
},
{
"word": "immunopathological"
},
{
"word": "kinesiopathological"
},
{
"word": "macropathological"
},
{
"word": "meteoropathological"
},
{
"word": "micropathological"
},
{
"word": "morphopathological"
},
{
"word": "multipathological"
},
{
"word": "myopathological"
},
{
"word": "nanopathological"
},
{
"word": "nephropathological"
},
{
"word": "nonpathological"
},
{
"word": "ophthalmopathological"
},
{
"word": "organopathological"
},
{
"word": "osteopathological"
},
{
"word": "otopathological"
},
{
"word": "palaeopathological"
},
{
"word": "paleopathological"
},
{
"word": "pathological coupling"
},
{
"word": "pathological histology"
},
{
"word": "pathological liar"
},
{
"word": "pathologically"
},
{
"word": "pathological science"
},
{
"word": "pharmacopathological"
},
{
"word": "phytopathological"
},
{
"word": "postpathological"
},
{
"word": "prepathological"
},
{
"word": "pseudopathological"
},
{
"word": "psychopathological"
},
{
"word": "rheopathological"
},
{
"word": "sociopathological"
},
{
"word": "suprapathological"
},
{
"word": "thermopathological"
},
{
"word": "toxicopathological"
},
{
"word": "zoopathological"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "pathology",
"4": "-ical",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek πάσχω (páskhō)der.\nAncient Greek πᾰ́θος (pắthos)\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logie\nFrench pathologiebor.\nEnglish pathology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish pathological\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πάσχω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πᾰ́θος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"study\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"explanation\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to collect\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λόγος\", \"gloss\" : \"explanation\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-i-eh₂\", \"id\" : \"i-extension\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íā\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ᾱ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\", \"pos\" : \"abstract noun suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-λογῐ́ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-logia\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-logie\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"pathologie\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pathology\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-ic\", \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"-ic\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ikos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-icus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ique\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ik\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ical\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pathological\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pathological\">\nFrom pathology + -ical.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nAncient Greek πάσχω (páskhō)der.\nAncient Greek πᾰ́θος (pắthos)\nProto-Indo-European *leǵ-\nAncient Greek λόγος (lógos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā)\nAncient Greek -λογῐ́ᾱ (-logĭ́ā)bor.\nLatin -logialbor.\nFrench -logie\nFrench pathologiebor.\nEnglish pathology\nProto-Indo-European *-ikos\nProto-Italic *-ikos\nLatin -icuslbor.\nOld French -iquebor.\nMiddle English -ic\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nMiddle English -ical\nEnglish -ical\nEnglish pathological\nFrom pathology + -ical.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more pathological",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most pathological",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pathological (comparative more pathological, superlative most pathological)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pa",
"tho",
"lo",
"gi",
"cal"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
178,
190
]
],
"ref": "1868, Felix von Niemeyer, J. L Parke, Clinical Lectures on Pulmonary Phthisis, Moorhead, Simpson & Bond, page 3:",
"text": "But we can no longer regard the mere fact of these diffuse condensations of the lung becoming yellow and caseous as an evidence of their tuberculous nature, especially since the pathological anatomists, and among them Virchow, have shown that formations of the most different kind, having not the slightest connection with tubercule— as, for example, old cancerous masses, lymphatic glands swollen by a hyperplasia of cells, hæmorrhagical infarctions, abscesses, &c.— undergo exactly the same caseous transformation.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to pathology."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Pertaining to pathology."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
135,
147
]
],
"ref": "1981 April 18, Michael Bronski, “Good Production -- Bad Play”, in Gay Community News, page 10:",
"text": "Paul Canning's performance as Julian gives the character an emotional center that is not in the script: He is vulnerable without being pathological, needy without being pathetic.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to, amounting to, or caused by a physical or mental disorder."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Relating to, amounting to, or caused by a physical or mental disorder."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"Having properties which are counterintuitive or difficult to handle."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"counterintuitive",
"counterintuitive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) Having properties which are counterintuitive or difficult to handle."
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Computer science"
],
"glosses": [
"Having properties that cause unusually bad behaviour, especially regarding correctness or performance."
],
"links": [
[
"computer science",
"computer science"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer science) Having properties that cause unusually bad behaviour, especially regarding correctness or performance."
],
"topics": [
"computer",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"science",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpæθ.əˈlɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpæθ.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pathological.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-pathological.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of a physical or mental disorder",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"word": "pathologic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologjik"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "axtabanakan",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "ախտաբանական"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "patalahíčny",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "паталагі́чны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "patologičen",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "патологичен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patològic"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologický"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologisk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "pathologique"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patolóxico"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "pathologisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "krankhaft"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "paiteolaíoch"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologico"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologiczny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "zwyrodniały"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "patologíčeskij",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "патологи́ческий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "patologisk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "patolohíčnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to pathology",
"word": "патологі́чний"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologjik"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patològic"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologický"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologisk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "sygelig"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "pathologique"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "maladif"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "malsain"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patolóxico"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "pathologisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "krankhaft"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "galrach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologico"
},
{
"alt": "病的",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "byeongjeok",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "병적"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bimârgune",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "بیمارگونه"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patologic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "patologíčeskij",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "патологи́ческий"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "patológico"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "malsano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "enfermizo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "morboso"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "patolohíčnyj",
"sense": "relating to or caused by a physical or mental disorder",
"word": "патологі́чний"
}
],
"word": "pathological"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pathological meaning in English (21.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.