"muffle" meaning in English

See muffle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /mʌfl̩/ Audio: En-au-muffle.ogg [Australia] Forms: muffles [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌfəl Etymology: From Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), aphetic alteration of Anglo-Norman amoufler, from Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), from moufle (“mitten”), from Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), of Germanic origin (—first recorded in the Capitulary of Aachen in 817 C.E.), from Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) from *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) (from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)) + *vël (“skin, hide”) (from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”). Alternate etymology traces the Medieval Latin word to Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”), English mulch) + *fell (“hide, skin”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|muflen|t=to muffle}} Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), {{der|en|xno|amoufler}} Anglo-Norman amoufler, {{der|en|fro|enmoufler||to wrap up, muffle}} Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), {{m|fro|moufle|t=mitten}} moufle (“mitten”), {{der|en|ML.|muffula|t=a muff}} Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), {{der|en|gem}} Germanic, {{C.E.}} C.E., {{der|en|frk|*muffël|t=a muff, wrap, envelope}} Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”), {{m|frk|*mauwu|*mauwa|t=sleeve, wrap}} *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*mawwō|t=sleeve}} Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”), {{m|frk|*vël|t=skin, hide}} *vël (“skin, hide”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*fellą|t=skin, film, fleece}} Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”), {{der|en|ML.|-}} Medieval Latin, {{der|en|frk|*molfell|t=soft garment made of hide}} Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”), {{m|frk|*mol|t=softened, forworn}} *mol (“softened, forworn”), {{cog|goh|molawēn|t=to soften}} Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), {{cog|gmh|molwic|t=soft}} Middle High German molwic (“soft”), {{cog|en|mulch}} English mulch, {{m|frk|*fell|t=hide, skin}} *fell (“hide, skin”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} muffle (plural muffles)
  1. Anything that mutes or deadens sound. Categories (topical): Sound Translations (Anything that mutes or deadens sound): заглушител (zaglušitel) [masculine] (Bulgarian), äänenvaimennin (Finnish), tompító (Hungarian), demper [masculine] (Norwegian), глуши́тель (glušítelʹ) [masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-noun-1kqOYIy8 Disambiguation of Sound: 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 38 0 0 Disambiguation of 'Anything that mutes or deadens sound': 96 1 1 1 0 1
  2. A warm piece of clothing for the hands. Translations (A warm piece of clothing for the hands): ръкавица (rǎkavica) [feminine] (Bulgarian), muffe [masculine] (Norwegian), рукави́ца (rukavíca) [feminine] (Russian), muf (Slovak)
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-noun--J8KUVBC Disambiguation of 'A warm piece of clothing for the hands': 0 82 16 1 0 1
  3. (slang, archaic) A boxing glove. Tags: archaic, slang Categories (topical): Boxing, Talking
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-noun-UJqTvk5r Disambiguation of Boxing: 2 3 62 2 2 4 3 4 7 4 7 Disambiguation of Talking: 3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22
  4. A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames (a muffle furnace) Translations (A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames): äänenvaimennin (Finnish), mufla [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-noun-MWlmYHRQ Disambiguation of 'A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames': 1 2 3 92 1 2
  5. The bare end of the nose between the nostrils, especially in ruminants.
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-noun-zywV-IwS
  6. A machine with two pulleys to hoist load by spinning wheels, polyspast, block and tackle. Categories (topical): Machines
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-noun-i9G3bCyp Disambiguation of Machines: 5 6 11 6 2 29 8 9 8 8 8

Verb

IPA: /mʌfl̩/ Audio: En-au-muffle.ogg [Australia] Forms: muffles [present, singular, third-person], muffling [participle, present], muffled [participle, past], muffled [past]
Rhymes: -ʌfəl Etymology: From Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), aphetic alteration of Anglo-Norman amoufler, from Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), from moufle (“mitten”), from Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), of Germanic origin (—first recorded in the Capitulary of Aachen in 817 C.E.), from Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) from *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) (from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)) + *vël (“skin, hide”) (from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”). Alternate etymology traces the Medieval Latin word to Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”), English mulch) + *fell (“hide, skin”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|muflen|t=to muffle}} Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), {{der|en|xno|amoufler}} Anglo-Norman amoufler, {{der|en|fro|enmoufler||to wrap up, muffle}} Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), {{m|fro|moufle|t=mitten}} moufle (“mitten”), {{der|en|ML.|muffula|t=a muff}} Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), {{der|en|gem}} Germanic, {{C.E.}} C.E., {{der|en|frk|*muffël|t=a muff, wrap, envelope}} Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”), {{m|frk|*mauwu|*mauwa|t=sleeve, wrap}} *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*mawwō|t=sleeve}} Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”), {{m|frk|*vël|t=skin, hide}} *vël (“skin, hide”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*fellą|t=skin, film, fleece}} Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”), {{der|en|ML.|-}} Medieval Latin, {{der|en|frk|*molfell|t=soft garment made of hide}} Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”), {{m|frk|*mol|t=softened, forworn}} *mol (“softened, forworn”), {{cog|goh|molawēn|t=to soften}} Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), {{cog|gmh|molwic|t=soft}} Middle High German molwic (“soft”), {{cog|en|mulch}} English mulch, {{m|frk|*fell|t=hide, skin}} *fell (“hide, skin”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} muffle (third-person singular simple present muffles, present participle muffling, simple past and past participle muffled)
  1. (transitive) To wrap (a person, face etc.) in fabric or another covering, for warmth or protection; often with up. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-verb-zqY9CZCM
  2. (transitive) To wrap up or cover (a source of noise) in order to deaden the sound. Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Sound, Talking Translations (To wrap up for warmth, protection or security): увивам се (uvivam se) (Bulgarian), загръщам се (zagrǎštam se) (Bulgarian), embolicar (Catalan), emboçar (Catalan), kietoa (Finnish), couvrir (French), emmitoufler (French), bebugyolál (Hungarian), cumhdaigh (Irish), whakangenengene (Maori), abafar (Portuguese), cobrir (Portuguese)
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-verb-w7iayEPS Disambiguation of Sound: 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 38 0 0 Disambiguation of Talking: 3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22 Disambiguation of 'To wrap up for warmth, protection or security': 21 72 2 1 3
  3. (transitive) To mute or deaden (a sound etc.). Tags: transitive Categories (topical): Sound, Talking Translations (To mute or deaden): заглушавам (zaglušavam) (Bulgarian), esmorteir (Catalan), dempen (Dutch), vaimentaa (Finnish), hiljentää (Finnish), assourdir (French), étouffer (French), tompít (Hungarian), plúch (Irish), whakatāmate (Maori), whakahaumūmū (english: referring to sound) (Maori), dempe (Norwegian), assordir (Occitan), amortir (Occitan), abafar (Portuguese), глуши́ть (glušítʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), заглуши́ть (zaglušítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), заглушать (zaglušatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), приглуши́ть (priglušítʹ) (english: slightly) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-verb-v4Ebl5rx Disambiguation of Sound: 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 38 0 0 Disambiguation of Talking: 3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22 Disambiguation of 'To mute or deaden': 5 9 80 1 4
  4. (intransitive, dated) To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation. Tags: dated, intransitive
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-verb-pjk3Vyq~
  5. (transitive, dated) To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen. Tags: dated, transitive Categories (topical): Talking
    Sense id: en-muffle-en-verb-urHPWNKj Disambiguation of Talking: 3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: muffle up

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for muffle meaning in English (20.5kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "muflen",
        "t": "to muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English muflen (“to muffle”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "amoufler"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman amoufler",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "enmoufler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wrap up, muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "moufle",
        "t": "mitten"
      },
      "expansion": "moufle (“mitten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "muffula",
        "t": "a muff"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "C.E.",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*muffël",
        "t": "a muff, wrap, envelope"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mauwu",
        "3": "*mauwa",
        "t": "sleeve, wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "*mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mawwō",
        "t": "sleeve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*vël",
        "t": "skin, hide"
      },
      "expansion": "*vël (“skin, hide”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fellą",
        "t": "skin, film, fleece"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*molfell",
        "t": "soft garment made of hide"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mol",
        "t": "softened, forworn"
      },
      "expansion": "*mol (“softened, forworn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "molawēn",
        "t": "to soften"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German molawēn (“to soften”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "molwic",
        "t": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German molwic (“soft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mulch"
      },
      "expansion": "English mulch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*fell",
        "t": "hide, skin"
      },
      "expansion": "*fell (“hide, skin”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), aphetic alteration of Anglo-Norman amoufler, from Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), from moufle (“mitten”), from Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), of Germanic origin (—first recorded in the Capitulary of Aachen in 817 C.E.), from Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) from *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) (from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)) + *vël (“skin, hide”) (from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”). Alternate etymology traces the Medieval Latin word to Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”), English mulch) + *fell (“hide, skin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muffles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muffle (plural muffles)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 38 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sound",
          "orig": "en:Sound",
          "parents": [
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Anything that mutes or deadens sound."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-noun-1kqOYIy8",
      "links": [
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ],
        [
          "deaden",
          "deaden"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 1 1 1 0 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zaglušitel",
          "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "заглушител"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 1 1 1 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
          "word": "äänenvaimennin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 1 1 1 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
          "word": "tompító"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 1 1 1 0 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "demper"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 1 1 1 0 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "glušítelʹ",
          "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "глуши́тель"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A warm piece of clothing for the hands."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-noun--J8KUVBC",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 82 16 1 0 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rǎkavica",
          "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ръкавица"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 82 16 1 0 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "muffe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 82 16 1 0 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rukavíca",
          "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "рукави́ца"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 82 16 1 0 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
          "word": "muf"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 62 2 2 4 3 4 7 4 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Boxing",
          "orig": "en:Boxing",
          "parents": [
            "Sports",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "en:Talking",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boxing glove."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-noun-UJqTvk5r",
      "links": [
        [
          "boxing glove",
          "boxing glove"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, archaic) A boxing glove."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames (a muffle furnace)"
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-noun-MWlmYHRQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "kiln",
          "kiln"
        ],
        [
          "furnace",
          "furnace"
        ],
        [
          "electric",
          "electric"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "flame",
          "flame"
        ],
        [
          "muffle furnace",
          "muffle furnace"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 2 3 92 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames",
          "word": "äänenvaimennin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 2 3 92 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mufla"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The bare end of the nose between the nostrils, especially in ruminants."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-noun-zywV-IwS",
      "links": [
        [
          "nostril",
          "nostril"
        ],
        [
          "ruminant",
          "ruminant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 11 6 2 29 8 9 8 8 8",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Machines",
          "orig": "en:Machines",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1858, Newton's London Journal of Arts and Sciences. New Series, volume 7, page 26",
          "text": "Between the two pulleys c, c¹, and around the shaft a, is a muffle d, which receives at both ends the rounded heads of three, four, five, or more screws f, which act as levers. The levers are formed of a right and lefthanded screw, f, and f¹. The two screws are united together by means of a nut g, so that, by turning it, they are lengthened or shortened. The heads of the upper screws f¹, act upon the blocks e, e¹, contained in boxes supported by the plates h, h¹, through the centre of which passes the shaft a. These plates h, h¹, are fixed on the shaft a; they are of a smaller diameter than the inside of the pulleys c, c¹; their object is to keep the blocks e, e¹, from twisting.\nBy moving the muffle d, to the left, the levers or screws f, f, will force the blocks e, to bear against the inside of the pulley c, placed on that side. The motion of this pulley will cause the muffle d, and consequently the shaft a, to revolve. By pushing the muffle d, on the opposite side, the blocks e, will depress the pulley c, and the blocks e¹, will bear against the pulley c¹, the band of which being crossed, will cause the shaft a, to revolve in a reverse direction.\nThis shaft being furnished with a pinion, will transmit to a toothed wheel or rack, a motion in both directions at the desired instant, since it is only necessary to give the muffle d, a lateral movement from right to left, or from left to right, by means of a fork which acts on the part b.\nBy placing the muffle d, half way between the two pullies c, and c¹, the blocks e, and e¹, will release the said pullies, and the shaft a, will be motionless.\nThe patentee claims, ”the characteristic principle of the mechanical combination herein described, applicable to all cases where it may be useful, by varying the shapes or dimensions according to the power of the machines to which they may be applied.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A machine with two pulleys to hoist load by spinning wheels, polyspast, block and tackle."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-noun-i9G3bCyp",
      "links": [
        [
          "machine",
          "machine"
        ],
        [
          "pulley",
          "pulley"
        ],
        [
          "hoist",
          "hoist"
        ],
        [
          "load",
          "load"
        ],
        [
          "spinning wheel",
          "spinning wheel"
        ],
        [
          "polyspast",
          "polyspast"
        ],
        [
          "block and tackle",
          "block and tackle"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mʌfl̩/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg/En-au-muffle.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muffle"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "muffle up"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "muflen",
        "t": "to muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English muflen (“to muffle”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "amoufler"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman amoufler",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "enmoufler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wrap up, muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "moufle",
        "t": "mitten"
      },
      "expansion": "moufle (“mitten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "muffula",
        "t": "a muff"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "C.E.",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*muffël",
        "t": "a muff, wrap, envelope"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mauwu",
        "3": "*mauwa",
        "t": "sleeve, wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "*mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mawwō",
        "t": "sleeve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*vël",
        "t": "skin, hide"
      },
      "expansion": "*vël (“skin, hide”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fellą",
        "t": "skin, film, fleece"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*molfell",
        "t": "soft garment made of hide"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mol",
        "t": "softened, forworn"
      },
      "expansion": "*mol (“softened, forworn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "molawēn",
        "t": "to soften"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German molawēn (“to soften”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "molwic",
        "t": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German molwic (“soft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mulch"
      },
      "expansion": "English mulch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*fell",
        "t": "hide, skin"
      },
      "expansion": "*fell (“hide, skin”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), aphetic alteration of Anglo-Norman amoufler, from Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), from moufle (“mitten”), from Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), of Germanic origin (—first recorded in the Capitulary of Aachen in 817 C.E.), from Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) from *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) (from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)) + *vël (“skin, hide”) (from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”). Alternate etymology traces the Medieval Latin word to Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”), English mulch) + *fell (“hide, skin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muffles",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muffling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muffled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muffled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muffle (third-person singular simple present muffles, present participle muffling, simple past and past participle muffled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To wrap (a person, face etc.) in fabric or another covering, for warmth or protection; often with up."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-verb-zqY9CZCM",
      "links": [
        [
          "wrap",
          "wrap"
        ],
        [
          "warmth",
          "warmth"
        ],
        [
          "protection",
          "protection"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To wrap (a person, face etc.) in fabric or another covering, for warmth or protection; often with up."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 38 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sound",
          "orig": "en:Sound",
          "parents": [
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "en:Talking",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to muffle the strings of a drum, or that part of an oar which rests in the rowlock",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To wrap up or cover (a source of noise) in order to deaden the sound."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-verb-w7iayEPS",
      "links": [
        [
          "wrap up",
          "wrap up"
        ],
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To wrap up or cover (a source of noise) in order to deaden the sound."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "uvivam se",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "увивам се"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zagrǎštam se",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "загръщам се"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "embolicar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "emboçar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "kietoa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "couvrir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "emmitoufler"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "bebugyolál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "cumhdaigh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "whakangenengene"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "abafar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "21 72 2 1 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
          "word": "cobrir"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 38 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sound",
          "orig": "en:Sound",
          "parents": [
            "Energy",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "en:Talking",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 397",
          "text": "The singer's voice was muffled by the thick walls, yet Tyrion knew the verse.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To mute or deaden (a sound etc.)."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-verb-v4Ebl5rx",
      "links": [
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ],
        [
          "deaden",
          "deaden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To mute or deaden (a sound etc.)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zaglušavam",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "заглушавам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "esmorteir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "dempen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "vaimentaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "hiljentää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "assourdir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "étouffer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "tompít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "plúch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "whakatāmate"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "english": "referring to sound",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "whakahaumūmū"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "dempe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "assordir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "amortir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "abafar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "glušítʹ",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "глуши́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zaglušítʹ",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "заглуши́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zaglušatʹ",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "заглушать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 9 80 1 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "slightly",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "priglušítʹ",
          "sense": "To mute or deaden",
          "word": "приглуши́ть"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-verb-pjk3Vyq~",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, dated) To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 21 3 3 3 4 11 20 5 22",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "en:Talking",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Human",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen."
      ],
      "id": "en-muffle-en-verb-urHPWNKj",
      "links": [
        [
          "blindfold",
          "blindfold"
        ],
        [
          "deafen",
          "deafen"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, dated) To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mʌfl̩/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg/En-au-muffle.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muffle"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "en:Boxing",
    "en:Machines",
    "en:Sound",
    "en:Talking"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "muflen",
        "t": "to muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English muflen (“to muffle”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "amoufler"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman amoufler",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "enmoufler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wrap up, muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "moufle",
        "t": "mitten"
      },
      "expansion": "moufle (“mitten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "muffula",
        "t": "a muff"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "C.E.",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*muffël",
        "t": "a muff, wrap, envelope"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mauwu",
        "3": "*mauwa",
        "t": "sleeve, wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "*mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mawwō",
        "t": "sleeve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*vël",
        "t": "skin, hide"
      },
      "expansion": "*vël (“skin, hide”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fellą",
        "t": "skin, film, fleece"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*molfell",
        "t": "soft garment made of hide"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mol",
        "t": "softened, forworn"
      },
      "expansion": "*mol (“softened, forworn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "molawēn",
        "t": "to soften"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German molawēn (“to soften”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "molwic",
        "t": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German molwic (“soft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mulch"
      },
      "expansion": "English mulch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*fell",
        "t": "hide, skin"
      },
      "expansion": "*fell (“hide, skin”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), aphetic alteration of Anglo-Norman amoufler, from Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), from moufle (“mitten”), from Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), of Germanic origin (—first recorded in the Capitulary of Aachen in 817 C.E.), from Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) from *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) (from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)) + *vël (“skin, hide”) (from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”). Alternate etymology traces the Medieval Latin word to Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”), English mulch) + *fell (“hide, skin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muffles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muffle (plural muffles)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Anything that mutes or deadens sound."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ],
        [
          "deaden",
          "deaden"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A warm piece of clothing for the hands."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang",
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A boxing glove."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "boxing glove",
          "boxing glove"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang, archaic) A boxing glove."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "slang"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames (a muffle furnace)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kiln",
          "kiln"
        ],
        [
          "furnace",
          "furnace"
        ],
        [
          "electric",
          "electric"
        ],
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "flame",
          "flame"
        ],
        [
          "muffle furnace",
          "muffle furnace"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The bare end of the nose between the nostrils, especially in ruminants."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nostril",
          "nostril"
        ],
        [
          "ruminant",
          "ruminant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1858, Newton's London Journal of Arts and Sciences. New Series, volume 7, page 26",
          "text": "Between the two pulleys c, c¹, and around the shaft a, is a muffle d, which receives at both ends the rounded heads of three, four, five, or more screws f, which act as levers. The levers are formed of a right and lefthanded screw, f, and f¹. The two screws are united together by means of a nut g, so that, by turning it, they are lengthened or shortened. The heads of the upper screws f¹, act upon the blocks e, e¹, contained in boxes supported by the plates h, h¹, through the centre of which passes the shaft a. These plates h, h¹, are fixed on the shaft a; they are of a smaller diameter than the inside of the pulleys c, c¹; their object is to keep the blocks e, e¹, from twisting.\nBy moving the muffle d, to the left, the levers or screws f, f, will force the blocks e, to bear against the inside of the pulley c, placed on that side. The motion of this pulley will cause the muffle d, and consequently the shaft a, to revolve. By pushing the muffle d, on the opposite side, the blocks e, will depress the pulley c, and the blocks e¹, will bear against the pulley c¹, the band of which being crossed, will cause the shaft a, to revolve in a reverse direction.\nThis shaft being furnished with a pinion, will transmit to a toothed wheel or rack, a motion in both directions at the desired instant, since it is only necessary to give the muffle d, a lateral movement from right to left, or from left to right, by means of a fork which acts on the part b.\nBy placing the muffle d, half way between the two pullies c, and c¹, the blocks e, and e¹, will release the said pullies, and the shaft a, will be motionless.\nThe patentee claims, ”the characteristic principle of the mechanical combination herein described, applicable to all cases where it may be useful, by varying the shapes or dimensions according to the power of the machines to which they may be applied.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A machine with two pulleys to hoist load by spinning wheels, polyspast, block and tackle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "machine",
          "machine"
        ],
        [
          "pulley",
          "pulley"
        ],
        [
          "hoist",
          "hoist"
        ],
        [
          "load",
          "load"
        ],
        [
          "spinning wheel",
          "spinning wheel"
        ],
        [
          "polyspast",
          "polyspast"
        ],
        [
          "block and tackle",
          "block and tackle"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mʌfl̩/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg/En-au-muffle.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zaglušitel",
      "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "заглушител"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
      "word": "äänenvaimennin"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
      "word": "tompító"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "demper"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "glušítelʹ",
      "sense": "Anything that mutes or deadens sound",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "глуши́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rǎkavica",
      "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ръкавица"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "muffe"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rukavíca",
      "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "рукави́ца"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "A warm piece of clothing for the hands",
      "word": "muf"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames",
      "word": "äänenvaimennin"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "A kiln or furnace, often electric, with no direct flames",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mufla"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muffle"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "en:Boxing",
    "en:Machines",
    "en:Sound",
    "en:Talking"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "muffle up"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "muflen",
        "t": "to muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English muflen (“to muffle”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "amoufler"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman amoufler",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "enmoufler",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to wrap up, muffle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "moufle",
        "t": "mitten"
      },
      "expansion": "moufle (“mitten”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "muffula",
        "t": "a muff"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "C.E.",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*muffël",
        "t": "a muff, wrap, envelope"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mauwu",
        "3": "*mauwa",
        "t": "sleeve, wrap"
      },
      "expansion": "*mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*mawwō",
        "t": "sleeve"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*vël",
        "t": "skin, hide"
      },
      "expansion": "*vël (“skin, hide”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*fellą",
        "t": "skin, film, fleece"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*molfell",
        "t": "soft garment made of hide"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*mol",
        "t": "softened, forworn"
      },
      "expansion": "*mol (“softened, forworn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "molawēn",
        "t": "to soften"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German molawēn (“to soften”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "molwic",
        "t": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German molwic (“soft”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "mulch"
      },
      "expansion": "English mulch",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*fell",
        "t": "hide, skin"
      },
      "expansion": "*fell (“hide, skin”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English muflen (“to muffle”), aphetic alteration of Anglo-Norman amoufler, from Old French enmoufler (“to wrap up, muffle”), from moufle (“mitten”), from Medieval Latin muffula (“a muff”), of Germanic origin (—first recorded in the Capitulary of Aachen in 817 C.E.), from Frankish *muffël (“a muff, wrap, envelope”) from *mauwa (“sleeve, wrap”) (from Proto-Germanic *mawwō (“sleeve”)) + *vël (“skin, hide”) (from Proto-Germanic *fellą (“skin, film, fleece”). Alternate etymology traces the Medieval Latin word to Frankish *molfell (“soft garment made of hide”) from *mol (“softened, forworn”) (akin to Old High German molawēn (“to soften”), Middle High German molwic (“soft”), English mulch) + *fell (“hide, skin”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muffles",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muffling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muffled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "muffled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "muffle (third-person singular simple present muffles, present participle muffling, simple past and past participle muffled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To wrap (a person, face etc.) in fabric or another covering, for warmth or protection; often with up."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wrap",
          "wrap"
        ],
        [
          "warmth",
          "warmth"
        ],
        [
          "protection",
          "protection"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To wrap (a person, face etc.) in fabric or another covering, for warmth or protection; often with up."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to muffle the strings of a drum, or that part of an oar which rests in the rowlock",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To wrap up or cover (a source of noise) in order to deaden the sound."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wrap up",
          "wrap up"
        ],
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To wrap up or cover (a source of noise) in order to deaden the sound."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam, published 2011, page 397",
          "text": "The singer's voice was muffled by the thick walls, yet Tyrion knew the verse.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To mute or deaden (a sound etc.)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mute",
          "mute"
        ],
        [
          "deaden",
          "deaden"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To mute or deaden (a sound etc.)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms",
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, dated) To speak indistinctly, or without clear articulation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blindfold",
          "blindfold"
        ],
        [
          "deafen",
          "deafen"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, dated) To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mʌfl̩/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌfəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg/En-au-muffle.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/En-au-muffle.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "uvivam se",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "увивам се"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zagrǎštam se",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "загръщам се"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "embolicar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "emboçar"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "kietoa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "couvrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "emmitoufler"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "bebugyolál"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "cumhdaigh"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "whakangenengene"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "abafar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "To wrap up for warmth, protection or security",
      "word": "cobrir"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zaglušavam",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "заглушавам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "esmorteir"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "dempen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "vaimentaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "hiljentää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "assourdir"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "étouffer"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "tompít"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "plúch"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "whakatāmate"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "english": "referring to sound",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "whakahaumūmū"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "dempe"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "assordir"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "amortir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "abafar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "glušítʹ",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "глуши́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zaglušítʹ",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "заглуши́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zaglušatʹ",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "заглушать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "slightly",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "priglušítʹ",
      "sense": "To mute or deaden",
      "word": "приглуши́ть"
    }
  ],
  "word": "muffle"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.