"monad" meaning in English

See monad in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈmɒnæd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈmoʊnæd/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-monad.wav Forms: monads [plural]
Rhymes: (US) -oʊnæd Etymology: From Latin monas (“unit”) (from Ancient Greek μονάς (monás), from μόνος (mónos), from Proto-Indo-European *men-) + -ad. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*men- (small)}}, {{der|en|la|monas|t=unit}} Latin monas (“unit”), {{der|en|grc|μονάς}} Ancient Greek μονάς (monás), {{der|en|ine-pro|*men-}} Proto-Indo-European *men-, {{suffix|en||ad}} + -ad Head templates: {{en-noun}} monad (plural monads)
  1. One thing, one being, one item. Categories (topical): One
    Sense id: en-monad-en-noun-sZcuPuyh Disambiguation of One: 38 8 27 13 7 8
  2. (philosophy) An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible. Categories (topical): Philosophy Translations (something ultimate and indivisible): mònada [feminine] (Catalan), monadi (Finnish), monade [feminine] (French), Monade [feminine] (German), monád (Hungarian), monade [feminine] (Italian), monada [feminine] (Occitan), monada [feminine] (Polish), mónada [Portugal, feminine] (Portuguese), mônada [Brazil, feminine] (Portuguese), monadă [feminine] (Romanian), mónada [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-monad-en-noun-gdfaVnCO Topics: human-sciences, philosophy, sciences Disambiguation of 'something ultimate and indivisible': 1 89 5 3 2 1
  3. (botany) A single individual (such as a pollen grain) that is free from others, not united in a group. Categories (topical): Botany
    Sense id: en-monad-en-noun-VaoL3cji Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ad, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Occitan translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 12 11 31 20 14 11 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ad: 15 13 30 19 11 12 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 10 8 46 13 14 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 15 13 30 18 12 12 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 15 11 33 18 11 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 10 15 38 15 12 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 11 13 39 16 12 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 10 12 43 14 13 9 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 12 13 35 16 13 11 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 11 12 36 17 14 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 8 11 35 19 19 8 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 11 11 38 16 12 11 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 7 9 33 29 14 7 Disambiguation of Terms with Occitan translations: 11 12 38 17 12 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 11 13 39 15 14 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 11 12 43 15 11 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 10 13 39 15 13 9 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 11 11 38 16 14 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 12 12 37 16 12 11 Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences
  4. (biology, dated) A single-celled organism. Tags: dated Categories (topical): Biology
    Sense id: en-monad-en-noun-mw7G6cyv Categories (other): Terms with Mandarin translations Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 7 9 33 29 14 7 Topics: biology, natural-sciences
  5. (category theory) A monoid object in the category of endofunctors of a fixed category. Categories (topical): Category theory Translations (mathematics and computing term): монада (monada) [feminine] (Bulgarian), mònada [feminine] (Catalan), 單子 (Chinese Mandarin), 单子 (dānzi) (Chinese Mandarin), monadi (Finnish), monade [feminine] (French), Monade [feminine] (German), monád (Hungarian), monade [feminine] (Italian), monada [feminine] (Polish), mónade [feminine] (Portuguese), monadă [feminine] (Romanian), монада (monada) [feminine] (Russian), mónada [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-monad-en-noun-M4HxwlT6 Categories (other): Terms with Mandarin translations Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 7 9 33 29 14 7 Topics: category-theory, computing, engineering, mathematics, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, sciences Disambiguation of 'mathematics and computing term': 4 7 11 7 44 27
  6. (functional programming) A data type which represents a specific form of computation, along with the operations "return" and "bind". Categories (topical): Programming
    Sense id: en-monad-en-noun-rXwwFmaW
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: monadic, monadism, monadology

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "duad"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dyad"
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    {
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      "word": "triad"
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      "word": "tetrad"
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      "word": "pentad"
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      "word": "hexad"
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      "word": "hebdomad"
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      "word": "decade"
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      "word": "hendecad"
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      "word": "dodecad"
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      "word": "duodecade"
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  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "monadic"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "monadism"
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    {
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      "name": "root"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "monas",
        "t": "unit"
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      "expansion": "Latin monas (“unit”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μονάς"
      },
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    {
      "args": {
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ad"
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      "expansion": "+ -ad",
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin monas (“unit”) (from Ancient Greek μονάς (monás), from μόνος (mónos), from Proto-Indo-European *men-) + -ad.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "monads",
      "tags": [
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    {
      "args": {},
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      "name": "en-noun"
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  "hyphenation": [
    "mon‧ad"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "38 8 27 13 7 8",
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            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
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          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Philosophy",
          "orig": "en:Philosophy",
          "parents": [
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            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1787, Immanuel Kant, translated by John Meiklejohn, The Critique of Pure Reason, published 1855:",
          "text": "Hence Leibnitz, who looked upon things as noumena, after denying them everything like external relation, and therefore also composition or combination, declared that all substances, even the component parts of matter, were simple substances with powers of representation, in one word, monads.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1813, J. D. Falk, quoting Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, translated by David Luke and Robert Pick, Goethe: Conversations and Encounters, London: O. Wolff, published 1966, page 88:",
          "text": "“If we are to embark upon speculation”, said Goethe, continuing his discourse, “then I really do not see why the monad to which we owe Wieland's appearance on our planet should be unable in its new condition to enter into the highest combinations that are possible in this universe.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1855, Thomas Bulfinch, chapter XXXIV, in The Age of Fable:",
          "text": "Pythagoras considered numbers as the essence and principle of all things, and attributed to them a real and distinct existence; so that, in his view, they were the elements out of which the universe was constructed. […] The \"Monad\" or unit he regarded as the source of all numbers.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1918, H[enry] Rider Haggard, chapter I, in Love Eternal:",
          "text": "More than thirty years ago two atoms of the eternal Energy sped forth from the heart of it which we call God[…]. Perhaps these two atoms, or essences, or monads indestructible, did but repeat an adventure, or many, many adventures.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible."
      ],
      "id": "en-monad-en-noun-gdfaVnCO",
      "links": [
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          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
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        [
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          "atom"
        ],
        [
          "ultimate",
          "ultimate"
        ],
        [
          "indivisible",
          "indivisible"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mònada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "word": "monadi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Monade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "word": "monád"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "Portugal",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mónada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "Brazil",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mônada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monadă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 89 5 3 2 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mónada"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "en:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 11 31 20 14 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "15 13 30 19 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ad",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 30 18 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "15 11 33 18 11 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "10 15 38 15 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 13 39 16 12 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "10 12 43 14 13 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "12 13 35 16 13 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "11 12 36 17 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 11 35 19 19 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 38 16 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 9 33 29 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 38 17 12 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 13 39 15 14 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 43 15 11 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 13 39 15 13 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 38 16 14 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 37 16 12 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A single individual (such as a pollen grain) that is free from others, not united in a group."
      ],
      "id": "en-monad-en-noun-VaoL3cji",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) A single individual (such as a pollen grain) that is free from others, not united in a group."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 9 33 29 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A single-celled organism."
      ],
      "id": "en-monad-en-noun-mw7G6cyv",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology, dated) A single-celled organism."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Category theory",
          "orig": "en:Category theory",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 9 33 29 14 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: comonad"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A monoid object in the category of endofunctors of a fixed category."
      ],
      "id": "en-monad-en-noun-M4HxwlT6",
      "links": [
        [
          "category theory",
          "category theory"
        ],
        [
          "monoid",
          "monoid"
        ],
        [
          "category",
          "category"
        ],
        [
          "endofunctor",
          "endofunctor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(category theory) A monoid object in the category of endofunctors of a fixed category."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "category-theory",
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "monada",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "монада"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mònada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "word": "單子"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dānzi",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "word": "单子"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "word": "monadi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Monade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "word": "monád"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mónade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "monadă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "monada",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "монада"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 7 11 7 44 27",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mónada"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Programming",
          "orig": "en:Programming",
          "parents": [
            "Computing",
            "Software engineering",
            "Technology",
            "Computer science",
            "Engineering",
            "Software",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Media",
            "Fundamental",
            "Communication"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008, Bryan O'Sullivan, John Goerzen, Donald Bruce Stewart, chapter 14, in Real World Haskell, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 328:",
          "text": "The properties that make the Maybe type a monad are its type constructor Maybe a, our chaining function (>>?), and the injector function Just.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A data type which represents a specific form of computation, along with the operations \"return\" and \"bind\"."
      ],
      "id": "en-monad-en-noun-rXwwFmaW",
      "links": [
        [
          "programming",
          "programming#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "data type",
          "data type"
        ],
        [
          "computation",
          "computation"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "functional programming",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(functional programming) A data type which represents a specific form of computation, along with the operations \"return\" and \"bind\"."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɒnæd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-monad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmoʊnæd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -oʊnæd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "monad"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (small)",
    "English terms suffixed with -ad",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/oʊnæd",
    "Rhymes:English/oʊnæd/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "en:One"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "duad"
    },
    {
      "word": "dyad"
    },
    {
      "word": "triad"
    },
    {
      "word": "tetrad"
    },
    {
      "word": "pentad"
    },
    {
      "word": "hexad"
    },
    {
      "word": "hebdomad"
    },
    {
      "word": "heptad"
    },
    {
      "word": "ogdoad"
    },
    {
      "word": "octad"
    },
    {
      "word": "ennead"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonad"
    },
    {
      "word": "decad"
    },
    {
      "word": "decade"
    },
    {
      "word": "hendecad"
    },
    {
      "word": "dodecad"
    },
    {
      "word": "duodecade"
    },
    {
      "word": "chiliad"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "monadic"
    },
    {
      "word": "monadism"
    },
    {
      "word": "monadology"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*men- (small)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "monas",
        "t": "unit"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin monas (“unit”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "μονάς"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μονάς (monás)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*men-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *men-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ad"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -ad",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin monas (“unit”) (from Ancient Greek μονάς (monás), from μόνος (mónos), from Proto-Indo-European *men-) + -ad.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "monads",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "monad (plural monads)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "mon‧ad"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "One thing, one being, one item."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Philosophy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1787, Immanuel Kant, translated by John Meiklejohn, The Critique of Pure Reason, published 1855:",
          "text": "Hence Leibnitz, who looked upon things as noumena, after denying them everything like external relation, and therefore also composition or combination, declared that all substances, even the component parts of matter, were simple substances with powers of representation, in one word, monads.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1813, J. D. Falk, quoting Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, translated by David Luke and Robert Pick, Goethe: Conversations and Encounters, London: O. Wolff, published 1966, page 88:",
          "text": "“If we are to embark upon speculation”, said Goethe, continuing his discourse, “then I really do not see why the monad to which we owe Wieland's appearance on our planet should be unable in its new condition to enter into the highest combinations that are possible in this universe.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1855, Thomas Bulfinch, chapter XXXIV, in The Age of Fable:",
          "text": "Pythagoras considered numbers as the essence and principle of all things, and attributed to them a real and distinct existence; so that, in his view, they were the elements out of which the universe was constructed. […] The \"Monad\" or unit he regarded as the source of all numbers.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1918, H[enry] Rider Haggard, chapter I, in Love Eternal:",
          "text": "More than thirty years ago two atoms of the eternal Energy sped forth from the heart of it which we call God[…]. Perhaps these two atoms, or essences, or monads indestructible, did but repeat an adventure, or many, many adventures.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "atom",
          "atom"
        ],
        [
          "ultimate",
          "ultimate"
        ],
        [
          "indivisible",
          "indivisible"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A single individual (such as a pollen grain) that is free from others, not united in a group."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) A single individual (such as a pollen grain) that is free from others, not united in a group."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms",
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A single-celled organism."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology, dated) A single-celled organism."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Category theory"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: comonad"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A monoid object in the category of endofunctors of a fixed category."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "category theory",
          "category theory"
        ],
        [
          "monoid",
          "monoid"
        ],
        [
          "category",
          "category"
        ],
        [
          "endofunctor",
          "endofunctor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(category theory) A monoid object in the category of endofunctors of a fixed category."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "category-theory",
        "computing",
        "engineering",
        "mathematics",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Programming"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008, Bryan O'Sullivan, John Goerzen, Donald Bruce Stewart, chapter 14, in Real World Haskell, O'Reilly Media, →ISBN, page 328:",
          "text": "The properties that make the Maybe type a monad are its type constructor Maybe a, our chaining function (>>?), and the injector function Just.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A data type which represents a specific form of computation, along with the operations \"return\" and \"bind\"."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "programming",
          "programming#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "data type",
          "data type"
        ],
        [
          "computation",
          "computation"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "functional programming",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(functional programming) A data type which represents a specific form of computation, along with the operations \"return\" and \"bind\"."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɒnæd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-monad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-monad.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmoʊnæd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(US) -oʊnæd"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mònada"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "word": "monadi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monade"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Monade"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "word": "monád"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monade"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monada"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monada"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mónada"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mônada"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monadă"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "something ultimate and indivisible",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mónada"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "monada",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "монада"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mònada"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "word": "單子"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dānzi",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "word": "单子"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "word": "monadi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monade"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Monade"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "word": "monád"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monade"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monada"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mónade"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "monadă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "monada",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "монада"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "mathematics and computing term",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mónada"
    }
  ],
  "word": "monad"
}

Download raw JSONL data for monad meaning in English (10.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.