See menial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "menialism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "meniality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "menialize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "menially"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nonmenial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unmenial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "meyneal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English meyneal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mesnal"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mesnal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*mānsiōnāta"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mānsiō",
"t": "house"
},
"expansion": "Latin mānsiō (“house”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English meyneal, from Anglo-Norman mesnal, from maisnee (“household”), from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta, from Latin mānsiō (“house”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more menial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most menial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "menial (comparative more menial, superlative most menial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
80
]
],
"ref": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Arrived at Home”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 85:",
"text": "She hung round him, watching his every look as if she grudged the veriest menial offices from the servants; and she almost scolded him for not eating, when he had done justice enough to the good things set before him to have satisfied even the cook herself.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
120
]
],
"ref": "1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter LXX, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "She was not proposing to go out again, so he got her slippers and took off her boots. It delighted him to perform menial offices.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to work normally performed by a servant."
],
"id": "en-menial-en-adj-o0o1A3-B",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sluginski",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "слугински"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lakejski",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "лакейски"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "labor"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "低微的"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "卑微的"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "avustava"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ancillaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labor"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "untergeordnet"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "servile"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "iyashii",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "賎しい"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gesen na",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "下賎な"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lakejskij",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "лакейский"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "služinski"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "lakejski"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "lakajski"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "servil"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "doméstico"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 2 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "underlydande"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"text": "menial job",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
113
]
],
"ref": "1910 October 1, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Queer Feet”, in The Innocence of Father Brown, London, New York, N.Y.: Cassell and Company, published 1911, →OCLC:",
"text": "Father Brown took the paper without a word, and obediently went to look for the coat; it was not the first menial work he had done in his life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
169,
175
]
],
"ref": "1913 August, Jack London, John Barleycorn, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "I didn't see how sweeping and scrubbing a building was any preparation for the trade of electrician; but I did know that in the books all the boys started with the most menial tasks and by making good ultimately won to the ownership of the whole concern.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
186,
192
]
],
"ref": "2011, Chris Manning, Sudarno Sumarto, Employment, Living Standards and Poverty in Contemporary Indonesia, →ISBN:",
"text": "For instance, controlling for the above-mentioned variables, migrants to Tangerang or Samarinda (rather than Medan) have a significantly greater chance of getting a craft (as opposed to menial) job.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to unskilled work."
],
"id": "en-menial-en-adj-flKT3cX0",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "waḍīʕ",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "وَضِيع"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepohvaten",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "непохватен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "yksinkertainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "subalterne"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "nieder"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "niedrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanjun rōdō no",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "単純労働の"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "poroteke"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "nedrig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "lavstatuspreget"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "ufaglært"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "no especializado"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "inexperto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "sin cualificaciones"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "de baja categoría"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "de poca importancia"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"text": "a menial wretch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Servile; low; mean."
],
"id": "en-menial-en-adj-ggPF30EE",
"links": [
[
"Servile",
"servile"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "mē'nēəl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiːni.əl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-menial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"menial"
],
"word": "menial"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "meyneal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English meyneal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mesnal"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mesnal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*mānsiōnāta"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mānsiō",
"t": "house"
},
"expansion": "Latin mānsiō (“house”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English meyneal, from Anglo-Norman mesnal, from maisnee (“household”), from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta, from Latin mānsiō (“house”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "menials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "menial (plural menials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mansion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "maison"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "maisonette"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "menage"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 1 3 74 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 4 74 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 3 76 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 2 79 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 20 56 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 14 58 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 14 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 5 72 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 14 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 0 4 74 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 14 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 4 9 63 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 4 75 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 4 75 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 11 57 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 14 58 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 4 70 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 15 56 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 4 75 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 2 9 45 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 3 77 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 14 58 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
128,
135
]
],
"ref": "1820, [Walter Scott], chapter 3, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "“Nay, Dame Mary,” answered the Knight, “it is enough you desire such an attendant.—Yet I have never loved to nurse such useless menials—a lady's page—it may well suit the proud English dames to have a slender youth to bear their trains from bower to hall, fan them when they slumber, and touch the lute for them when they please to listen; […]”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
182,
189
]
],
"ref": "1879, Henry James, Daisy Miller, London: Harper & Brothers:",
"text": "But the young man was conscious, at the same moment, that it had ceased to be a matter of serious regret to him that the little American flirt should be “talked about” by low-minded menials.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
236,
243
]
],
"ref": "a. 1911, David Graham Phillips, Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise:",
"text": "Was this stupid system, so cruel, so crushing, and producing at the top such absurd results as flashy, insolent autos and silly palaces and overfed, overdressed women, and dogs in jeweled collars, and babies of wealth brought up by low menials—was this system really the best?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"ref": "1913 December – 1914 March, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Warlord of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., published September 1919, →OCLC:",
"text": "He told me that princes, jeds, and even jeddaks of the outer world, were among the menials who served the yellow race; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
89
]
],
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:",
"text": "The world was awake to the 2nd of May, but Mayfair is not the world, and even the menials of Mayfair lie long abed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A servant, especially a domestic servant."
],
"id": "en-menial-en-noun-Q28ADrL0",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sluga",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lakej",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лакей"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "criat"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "minyona"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dienaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dienares"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bediende"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meid"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "knecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "domestique"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servente"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hausdiener"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Domestik"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meshitsukai",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "召し使い"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "wheteke"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "meyneal"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sluga",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "sluga"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "služinče"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "criado"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tjänare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underlydande"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "tjänstefolk"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A person who has a subservient nature."
],
"id": "en-menial-en-noun-CfVyaMsl",
"links": [
[
"subservient",
"subservient"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "18 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "subservient person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "unterwürfige Person"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 82",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "subservient person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "untertäniger Mensch"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 82",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "subservient person",
"word": "poroteke"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 82",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "subservient person",
"word": "tia"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "mē'nēəl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiːni.əl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-menial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"menial"
],
"word": "menial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "menialism"
},
{
"word": "meniality"
},
{
"word": "menialize"
},
{
"word": "menially"
},
{
"word": "nonmenial"
},
{
"word": "unmenial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "meyneal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English meyneal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mesnal"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mesnal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*mānsiōnāta"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mānsiō",
"t": "house"
},
"expansion": "Latin mānsiō (“house”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English meyneal, from Anglo-Norman mesnal, from maisnee (“household”), from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta, from Latin mānsiō (“house”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more menial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most menial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "menial (comparative more menial, superlative most menial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
80
]
],
"ref": "1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Arrived at Home”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 85:",
"text": "She hung round him, watching his every look as if she grudged the veriest menial offices from the servants; and she almost scolded him for not eating, when he had done justice enough to the good things set before him to have satisfied even the cook herself.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
120
]
],
"ref": "1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter LXX, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "She was not proposing to go out again, so he got her slippers and took off her boots. It delighted him to perform menial offices.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to work normally performed by a servant."
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"text": "menial job",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
107,
113
]
],
"ref": "1910 October 1, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Queer Feet”, in The Innocence of Father Brown, London, New York, N.Y.: Cassell and Company, published 1911, →OCLC:",
"text": "Father Brown took the paper without a word, and obediently went to look for the coat; it was not the first menial work he had done in his life.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
169,
175
]
],
"ref": "1913 August, Jack London, John Barleycorn, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC:",
"text": "I didn't see how sweeping and scrubbing a building was any preparation for the trade of electrician; but I did know that in the books all the boys started with the most menial tasks and by making good ultimately won to the ownership of the whole concern.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
186,
192
]
],
"ref": "2011, Chris Manning, Sudarno Sumarto, Employment, Living Standards and Poverty in Contemporary Indonesia, →ISBN:",
"text": "For instance, controlling for the above-mentioned variables, migrants to Tangerang or Samarinda (rather than Medan) have a significantly greater chance of getting a craft (as opposed to menial) job.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to unskilled work."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
8
]
],
"text": "a menial wretch",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Servile; low; mean."
],
"links": [
[
"Servile",
"servile"
],
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "mē'nēəl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiːni.əl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-menial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sluginski",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "слугински"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lakejski",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "лакейски"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "labor"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "低微的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "卑微的"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "avustava"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ancillaire"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labor"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "untergeordnet"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "servile"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "iyashii",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "賎しい"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gesen na",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "下賎な"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lakejskij",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "лакейский"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "služinski"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "lakejski"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "lakajski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "servil"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "doméstico"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to work normally performed by a servant",
"word": "underlydande"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "waḍīʕ",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "وَضِيع"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nepohvaten",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "непохватен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "yksinkertainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "subalterne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "nieder"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "niedrig"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tanjun rōdō no",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "単純労働の"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "poroteke"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "nedrig"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "lavstatuspreget"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "ufaglært"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "no especializado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "inexperto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "sin cualificaciones"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "de baja categoría"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to unskilled work",
"word": "de poca importancia"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"menial"
],
"word": "menial"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "meyneal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English meyneal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "mesnal"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman mesnal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*mānsiōnāta"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "mānsiō",
"t": "house"
},
"expansion": "Latin mānsiō (“house”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English meyneal, from Anglo-Norman mesnal, from maisnee (“household”), from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta, from Latin mānsiō (“house”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "menials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "menial (plural menials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "mansion"
},
{
"word": "maison"
},
{
"word": "maisonette"
},
{
"word": "menage"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
128,
135
]
],
"ref": "1820, [Walter Scott], chapter 3, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "“Nay, Dame Mary,” answered the Knight, “it is enough you desire such an attendant.—Yet I have never loved to nurse such useless menials—a lady's page—it may well suit the proud English dames to have a slender youth to bear their trains from bower to hall, fan them when they slumber, and touch the lute for them when they please to listen; […]”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
182,
189
]
],
"ref": "1879, Henry James, Daisy Miller, London: Harper & Brothers:",
"text": "But the young man was conscious, at the same moment, that it had ceased to be a matter of serious regret to him that the little American flirt should be “talked about” by low-minded menials.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
236,
243
]
],
"ref": "a. 1911, David Graham Phillips, Susan Lenox: Her Fall and Rise:",
"text": "Was this stupid system, so cruel, so crushing, and producing at the top such absurd results as flashy, insolent autos and silly palaces and overfed, overdressed women, and dogs in jeweled collars, and babies of wealth brought up by low menials—was this system really the best?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
83,
90
]
],
"ref": "1913 December – 1914 March, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Warlord of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., published September 1919, →OCLC:",
"text": "He told me that princes, jeds, and even jeddaks of the outer world, were among the menials who served the yellow race; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
89
]
],
"ref": "1922, Michael Arlen, “Ep./4/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:",
"text": "The world was awake to the 2nd of May, but Mayfair is not the world, and even the menials of Mayfair lie long abed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A servant, especially a domestic servant."
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A person who has a subservient nature."
],
"links": [
[
"subservient",
"subservient"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "mē'nēəl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmiːni.əl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-menial.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-menial.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sluga",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lakej",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лакей"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "criat"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "minyona"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dienaar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dienares"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bediende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "knecht"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "domestique"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servente"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hausdiener"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Domestik"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meshitsukai",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "召し使い"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "wheteke"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "meyneal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sluga",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "слуга"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "sluga"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"word": "služinče"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "criado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tjänare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "underlydande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "domestic servant",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "tjänstefolk"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "subservient person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "unterwürfige Person"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "subservient person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "untertäniger Mensch"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "subservient person",
"word": "poroteke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "subservient person",
"word": "tia"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"menial"
],
"word": "menial"
}
Download raw JSONL data for menial meaning in English (17.1kB)
{
"called_from": "core/1021",
"msg": "too many args (3) in argument reference: ('pageref', '', '\\U001020dc')",
"path": [
"menial",
"Template:RQ:Chesterton Innocence of Father Brown",
"ARG-NAME"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "menial",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (ada610d and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.