See lobby in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lobby meaning in English (37.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gun lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby card"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby fodder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobby group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "on lobby terms"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "լոբբի",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ロビー",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "robī"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "로비",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lóbi",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ло́бби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin script: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin script: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: lobby"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "lobia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "laubia",
"3": "",
"4": "a portico, covered way, gallery"
},
"expansion": "laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "leaf",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (plural lobbies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 1 8 9 8 8 7 20 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 2 6 5 15 6 5 12 17 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I had to wait in the lobby for hours before seeing the doctor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-iFLZtzIt",
"links": [
[
"entryway",
"entryway"
],
[
"reception",
"reception"
],
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-wFXQaKfP",
"links": [
[
"assembly",
"assembly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The influence of the tobacco lobby has decreased considerably in the US.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-PI6bJHSf",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"public official",
"public official"
],
[
"lobbyists",
"lobbyists"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lobbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "遊說集團"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì jítuán",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "游说集团"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shdula",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׁדֻלָּה"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"alt": "あつりょくだんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "atsuryoku dantai",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "圧力団体"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"alt": "壓力團體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amnyeokdanche",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "압력단체"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóbbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 89 1 2 1 3 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Video games",
"orig": "en:Video games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Mass media",
"Software",
"Recreation",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Computing",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-BIobqgQT",
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"virtual",
"virtual"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"chat",
"chat"
],
[
"opponent",
"opponent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games) A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-D04XD~iu",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cabin",
"cabin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-RqNb-xIl",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farmyard",
"farmyard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A margin along either side of the playing field in the sport of kabaddi."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-OeP~asWr",
"links": [
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"playing field",
"playing field"
],
[
"kabaddi",
"kabaddi"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 1 8 9 8 8 7 20 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Charles R. \"Butch\" Farabee Jr., Death, Daring, and Disaster (page 135)",
"text": "Ranger Leslie Thompson, assigned to elevator duty, brought the elevator to the surface about 12:30 to bring down the tourists who were in the lobby of the elevator tower at that time."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A waiting area in front of a bank of elevators."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-1X7-pW3w",
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"elevators",
"elevator"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒbi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑbi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "radha",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رَدْهَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxasrah",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "նախասրահ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalidór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калідо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестыбю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фае́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeradpakój",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "перадпако́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preddvérie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преддве́рие"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоайе́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbul"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avantsala"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "門廳"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méntīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "门厅"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiūxishì",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息室"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大廳"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàtīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大厅"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "předsíň"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "vestiblo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ett",
"lang": "Etruscan",
"roman": "atrium",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "aula"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "halli"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteisaula"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestibule"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "intrata"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ფოიე"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorraum"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorhalle"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anddyri"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forstofa"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forsalur"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fordyri"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "forbyrgi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forhalla"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"alt": "きゅうそくじょ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyūsokujo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息所"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"alt": "休憩所",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyugeso",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "휴게소"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "predvórie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предво́рие"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prédvorje",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́дворје"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоаје́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sarsarâ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "سرسرا"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gank"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "korytarz"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "westybul"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hol"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedpokój"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sień"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedsionek"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saguão"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "átrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koridór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vestibjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fojé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойе́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xoll",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "холл"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prixóžaja",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прихо́жая"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"Logudorese",
"masculine"
],
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eadar-sheòmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "for-sheòmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predsieň"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recibidor"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaguán"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "dalan"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korydór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойє́"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xol",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хол"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "peredpókij",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "передпо́кій"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "hành lang"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng chờ"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng đợi"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "tiền sảnh"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 1 4 6 5 4 5 41",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "đại sảnh"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "lobia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "laubia",
"3": "",
"4": "a portico, covered way, gallery"
},
"expansion": "laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "leaf",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (third-person singular simple present lobbies, present participle lobbying, simple past and past participle lobbied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For years, pro-life groups have continued to lobby hard for restrictions on abortion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2002, Jim Hightower, in Wikiquote\nThe corporations don't have to lobby the government anymore. They are the government."
},
{
"ref": "2011 Allen Gregory, \"Pilot\" (season 1, episode 1)",
"text": "Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Yeah, it's not a big deal. I lobbied for fuel-cell technology on Capitol Hill. I'm friends with Sandy Bullock, really good friends. Who cares? It's not a pissing contest, right, J?"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848",
"text": "Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult. Businesspeople have every right to lobby governments, and civil servants to take jobs in the private sector.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2024 January 24, Dyan Perry talks to Nick Brodrick, “The industry has given me so much”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 45",
"text": "\"We're still at only 80% [of pre-pandemic passenger numbers], but it's great news that Southeastern put some more trains in the timetable from December,\" Perry explains. \"We worked very closely with Southeastern to lobby government and stakeholders to increase the timetable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-verb-Fg19ubQq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "labíravacʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лабі́раваць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lobíram",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "лоби́рам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "遊說"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "游说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbye"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fari premon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "faire pression sur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lobireba",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbizik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare pressioni su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "esercitare influenza su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare manovre di corridoio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobbować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fazer lobby"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lobbírovatʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобби́ровать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "coitich"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "pruvari a cummìnciri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "nzìstiri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "mprisiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "èssiri mprisiusu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobirati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "cabildear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "recabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "hacer lobbying"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lobíruvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобі́рувати"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "vận động hành lang"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒbi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑbi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lobscouse"
},
"expansion": "lobscouse",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened from lobscouse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Midlands English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 8 9 8 8 7 20 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 8 10 7 7 7 15 19 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 10 6 6 6 6 18 24 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My mam cooked us lobby for tea last night.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobscouse"
],
"id": "en-lobby-en-noun-0wjRMPPd",
"links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Midlands) lobscouse"
],
"tags": [
"West-Midlands",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒbi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑbi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gun lobby"
},
{
"word": "lobbier"
},
{
"word": "lobby card"
},
{
"word": "lobby fodder"
},
{
"word": "lobby group"
},
{
"word": "lobbyism"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
},
{
"word": "on lobby terms"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "լոբբի",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: լոբբի (lobbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ロビー",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "robī"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ロビー (robī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "로비",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 로비 (robi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: лоби (lobi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: lobby"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lóbi",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: lóbi, lobby (unadapted spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ло́бби",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ло́бби (lóbbi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "лоби",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Cyrillic script: лоби"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin script: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin script: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "lobi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: lobi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: lobi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lobby",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: lobby",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: lobby"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "lobia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "laubia",
"3": "",
"4": "a portico, covered way, gallery"
},
"expansion": "laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "leaf",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (plural lobbies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I had to wait in the lobby for hours before seeing the doctor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor."
],
"links": [
[
"entryway",
"entryway"
],
[
"reception",
"reception"
],
[
"vestibule",
"vestibule"
],
[
"passageway",
"passageway"
],
[
"corridor",
"corridor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly."
],
"links": [
[
"assembly",
"assembly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The influence of the tobacco lobby has decreased considerably in the US.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"public official",
"public official"
],
[
"lobbyists",
"lobbyists"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Video games"
],
"glosses": [
"A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"links": [
[
"video game",
"video game"
],
[
"virtual",
"virtual"
],
[
"player",
"player"
],
[
"chat",
"chat"
],
[
"opponent",
"opponent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(video games) A virtual area where players can chat and find opponents for a game."
],
"topics": [
"video-games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"cabin",
"cabin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard."
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"farmyard",
"farmyard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A margin along either side of the playing field in the sport of kabaddi."
],
"links": [
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"playing field",
"playing field"
],
[
"kabaddi",
"kabaddi"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Charles R. \"Butch\" Farabee Jr., Death, Daring, and Disaster (page 135)",
"text": "Ranger Leslie Thompson, assigned to elevator duty, brought the elevator to the surface about 12:30 to bring down the tourists who were in the lobby of the elevator tower at that time."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A waiting area in front of a bank of elevators."
],
"links": [
[
"bank",
"bank"
],
[
"elevators",
"elevator"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒbi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑbi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "radha",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "رَدْهَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxasrah",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "նախասրահ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalidór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калідо́р"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vjestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестыбю́ль"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "fajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фае́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pjeradpakój",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "перадпако́й"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preddvérie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "преддве́рие"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоайе́"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbul"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avantsala"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "門廳"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méntīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "门厅"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiūxishì",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息室"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大廳"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàtīng",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "大厅"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "předsíň"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "vestiblo"
},
{
"code": "ett",
"lang": "Etruscan",
"roman": "atrium",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "aula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "halli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "eteisaula"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestibule"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "intrata"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ფოიე"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Foyer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vorraum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Vorhalle"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "anddyri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forstofa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forsalur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fordyri"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "forbyrgi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forhalla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"alt": "きゅうそくじょ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyūsokujo",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "休息所"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"alt": "休憩所",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyugeso",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "휴게소"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "predvórie",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предво́рие"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prédvorje",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́дворје"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "foajé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фоаје́"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sarsarâ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "سرسرا"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gank"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "korytarz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "westybul"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hol"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hall"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedpokój"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sień"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przedsionek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "saguão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "átrio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koridór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vestibjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fojé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойе́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xoll",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "холл"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prixóžaja",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прихо́жая"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"Logudorese",
"masculine"
],
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "patiu"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eadar-sheòmar"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "for-sheòmar"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "predsieň"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foyer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vestíbulo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recibidor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaguán"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atrio"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "dalan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "korydór",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коридо́р"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vestybjúlʹ",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вестибю́ль"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "fojjé",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "фойє́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xol",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хол"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "peredpókij",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "передпо́кій"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "hành lang"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng chờ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "phòng đợi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "tiền sảnh"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "entryway or waiting area; vestibule",
"word": "đại sảnh"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lobbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "լոբբի"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "遊說集團"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì jítuán",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "游说集团"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lobby"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shdula",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "שְׁדֻלָּה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "לוֹבִּי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "lobbi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "robī",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "ロビー"
},
{
"alt": "あつりょくだんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "atsuryoku dantai",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "圧力団体"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "robi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "로비"
},
{
"alt": "壓力團體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amnyeokdanche",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"word": "압력단체"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́би"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lóbi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóbbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бби"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "лоби"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lobby"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lóbi",
"sense": "group of people who try to lobby",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ло́бі"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*lobie"
},
"expansion": "Old French *lobie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "lobium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin lobium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lobia"
},
"expansion": "lobia",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "laubia",
"3": "",
"4": "a portico, covered way, gallery"
},
"expansion": "laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*laubijā",
"t": "arbour, shelter"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lēaf",
"3": "",
"4": "foliage"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēaf (“foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "leaf",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lodge",
"3": "loggia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lodge and loggia",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French *lobie, from Medieval Latin lobium, lobia, laubia (“a portico, covered way, gallery”), borrowed from Frankish *laubijā (“arbour, shelter”).\nRelated to Old English lēaf (“foliage”). More at leaf. Doublet of lodge and loggia.\nPolitical sense derives from the entrance hall of legislatures, where people traditionally tried to influence legislators because it was the most convenient place to meet them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lobbies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lobbied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lobby (third-person singular simple present lobbies, present participle lobbying, simple past and past participle lobbied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "lobbying"
},
{
"word": "lobbyist"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For years, pro-life groups have continued to lobby hard for restrictions on abortion.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2002, Jim Hightower, in Wikiquote\nThe corporations don't have to lobby the government anymore. They are the government."
},
{
"ref": "2011 Allen Gregory, \"Pilot\" (season 1, episode 1)",
"text": "Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Yeah, it's not a big deal. I lobbied for fuel-cell technology on Capitol Hill. I'm friends with Sandy Bullock, really good friends. Who cares? It's not a pissing contest, right, J?"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Schumpeter, “Cronies and capitols”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848",
"text": "Policing the relationship between government and business in a free society is difficult. Businesspeople have every right to lobby governments, and civil servants to take jobs in the private sector.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2024 January 24, Dyan Perry talks to Nick Brodrick, “The industry has given me so much”, in RAIL, number 1001, page 45",
"text": "\"We're still at only 80% [of pre-pandemic passenger numbers], but it's great news that Southeastern put some more trains in the timetable from December,\" Perry explains. \"We worked very closely with Southeastern to lobby government and stakeholders to increase the timetable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒbi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑbi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "labíravacʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лабі́раваць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lobíram",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "лоби́рам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "遊說"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yóushuì",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "游说"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbye"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fari premon"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "faire pression sur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "lobireba",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "ლობირება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbyieren"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "lobbizik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare pressioni su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "esercitare influenza su"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fare manovre di corridoio"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobbować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "fazer lobby"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lobbírovatʹ",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобби́ровать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "coitich"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "pruvari a cummìnciri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "nzìstiri"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "mprisiari"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "èssiri mprisiusu"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "lobirati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "cabildear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "recabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "hacer lobbying"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lobíruvaty",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лобі́рувати"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to attempt to influence",
"word": "vận động hành lang"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi",
"Rhymes:English/ɒbi/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lobscouse"
},
"expansion": "lobscouse",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Shortened from lobscouse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "lobby (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"West Midlands English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My mam cooked us lobby for tea last night.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lobscouse"
],
"links": [
[
"lobscouse",
"lobscouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(West Midlands) lobscouse"
],
"tags": [
"West-Midlands",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒbi/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒbi"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑbi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lobby.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lobby.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lobby"
],
"word": "lobby"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.