See intonation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intonation unit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "just intonation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "intonation"
},
"expansion": "French intonation",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "intonatio"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin intonatio",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intonō",
"3": "tiō",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "intonō + -tiō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French intonation, from Medieval Latin intonatio, from intonō + -tiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "intonations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "intonation (countable and uncountable, plural intonations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intonable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intonate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intonational"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intonationally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intonator"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intoner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The rise and fall of the voice in speaking."
],
"id": "en-intonation-en-noun-~KddzTHY",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The rise and fall of the voice in speaking."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tajwīd",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَجْوِيد"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tartīl",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَرْتِيل"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tanḡīm",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَنْغِيم"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonación"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonasiya"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "intanácyja",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "інтана́цыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "интона́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonació"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "抑揚"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yìyáng",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "抑扬"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "語調"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǔdiào",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "语调"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "腔調"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiāngdiào",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "腔调"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonace"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "intonation"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zinsmelodie"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tónalag"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonaatio"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "sävelkulku"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonation"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entoación"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Satzmelodie"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprachmelodie"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonation"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tongebung"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitonismós",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "επιτονισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "אינטונציה"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonáció"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "intonēshon",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "イントネーション"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"alt": "よくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yokuyō",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "抑揚"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"alt": "ごちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gochō",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "語調"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"alt": "抑揚",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eogyang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "억양"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "intoneisyeon",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "인토네이션"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonācija"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "intonacija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "интонација"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "hā"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "intonacij",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "интонаций"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ojsem",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "ойсем"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonasjon"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "tonefall"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âhang-e jomle",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "آهنگ جمله"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âhang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "آهنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonação"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "интона́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "интонација"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonácia"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonación"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "kiimbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonation"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "ohang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "оҳанг"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "intonatsiya",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "интонатсия"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam-nɔɔng-sǐiang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "ทำนองเสียง"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "tonlama"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "entonasyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "інтона́ція"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "ngữ điệu"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 1 3 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "sự ngâm nga"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 210:",
"text": "She well knew the power of intonation, and thought that, in the absence of the curled lip, the contemptuous twitch of the nose, and the supercilious toss of the head, her message might be acceptable for Louisa's sake,...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Emotive stress used to increase the power of delivery in speech."
],
"id": "en-intonation-en-noun-crnnY38F",
"links": [
[
"stress",
"stress"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1805, Titus Lucretius Carus, The nature of things: a didactic poem:",
"text": "This additional cause of the intonation of thunder, together with the simile with which it is illustrated, is copied from our poet, both by Pliny, Nat. Hist. ii, 431, and Isidorus, Orig. xiii.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808, Richard Cumberland, The Exodiad: A Poem, page 375:",
"text": "As when sulphureous fires, within the caves\nOf earth long pent, with intonation loud\nBurst through the riven rocks, and far as eye\nCan reach their furious devastation spread,\nSo sudden, so resistless was the force\nOf this blasphemer's bold appeal to arms.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1824, Sir James Bland Burges afterwards Lamb, The Dragon Knight: A Poem in Twelve Cantos, page 77:",
"text": "In anxious expectation stood the crowd,\nWhen the shrill clarion's intonation loud\nGave notice that the challenger drew nigh.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, Friedrich Heinrich Karl Freiherr de La Motte-Fouqué, The Magic Ring; a Romance, from the German, Etc, page 287:",
"text": "but Sir Hugh still exclaimed, —\"Louder, old man, far louder!\" till at last the minstrel, in obedience to his best and dearest friend, struck the harp with such violence, that not only did the strings break, but even the instrument itself burst asunder with a long melancholy intonation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sound made by, or resembling that made by, a musical instrument."
],
"id": "en-intonation-en-noun-5Nk7tT5S",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"musical instrument",
"musical instrument"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her intonation was false.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise."
],
"id": "en-intonation-en-noun-vRJZdLij",
"links": [
[
"tune",
"tune"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tongebung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ansatz"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tonhöhenfeinabstimmung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "intonacij",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"word": "интонаций"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ojsem",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"word": "ойсем"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 2 85 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "інтона́ція"
}
]
},
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 12 15 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 7 15 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 19 12 12 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 7 11 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 9 17 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 11 12 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 9 17 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 17 11 11 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 24 15 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 9 21 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 19 15 12 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 11 10 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 14 11 10 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 9 17 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 12 16 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 9 17 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 9 17 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 23 8 15 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 14 14 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 11 10 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 15 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 10 10 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 10 15 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 8 17 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 13 12 17 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 8 17 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 9 17 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 13 16 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest."
],
"id": "en-intonation-en-noun-Vlys8wpI",
"links": [
[
"prolonged",
"prolonged"
],
[
"intonating",
"intonate"
],
[
"sing",
"sing"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 12 77",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rečitativ",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "речитатив"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 12 77",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonation"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 12 77",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vorsingen der Anfangsworte"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 12 77",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "intonacij",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"word": "интонаций"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 12 77",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ojsem",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"word": "ойсем"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 4 3 12 77",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacja"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪntəˈneɪʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-intonation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-intonation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-intonation.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"word": "intonation"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/4 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "intonation unit"
},
{
"word": "just intonation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "intonation"
},
"expansion": "French intonation",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "intonatio"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin intonatio",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intonō",
"3": "tiō",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "intonō + -tiō",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French intonation, from Medieval Latin intonatio, from intonō + -tiō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "intonations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "intonation (countable and uncountable, plural intonations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "intonable"
},
{
"word": "intonate"
},
{
"word": "intonational"
},
{
"word": "intonationally"
},
{
"word": "intonator"
},
{
"word": "intone"
},
{
"word": "intoner"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"The rise and fall of the voice in speaking."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) The rise and fall of the voice in speaking."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVI, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, page 210:",
"text": "She well knew the power of intonation, and thought that, in the absence of the curled lip, the contemptuous twitch of the nose, and the supercilious toss of the head, her message might be acceptable for Louisa's sake,...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Emotive stress used to increase the power of delivery in speech."
],
"links": [
[
"stress",
"stress"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1805, Titus Lucretius Carus, The nature of things: a didactic poem:",
"text": "This additional cause of the intonation of thunder, together with the simile with which it is illustrated, is copied from our poet, both by Pliny, Nat. Hist. ii, 431, and Isidorus, Orig. xiii.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808, Richard Cumberland, The Exodiad: A Poem, page 375:",
"text": "As when sulphureous fires, within the caves\nOf earth long pent, with intonation loud\nBurst through the riven rocks, and far as eye\nCan reach their furious devastation spread,\nSo sudden, so resistless was the force\nOf this blasphemer's bold appeal to arms.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1824, Sir James Bland Burges afterwards Lamb, The Dragon Knight: A Poem in Twelve Cantos, page 77:",
"text": "In anxious expectation stood the crowd,\nWhen the shrill clarion's intonation loud\nGave notice that the challenger drew nigh.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1825, Friedrich Heinrich Karl Freiherr de La Motte-Fouqué, The Magic Ring; a Romance, from the German, Etc, page 287:",
"text": "but Sir Hugh still exclaimed, —\"Louder, old man, far louder!\" till at last the minstrel, in obedience to his best and dearest friend, struck the harp with such violence, that not only did the strings break, but even the instrument itself burst asunder with a long melancholy intonation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sound made by, or resembling that made by, a musical instrument."
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"musical instrument",
"musical instrument"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her intonation was false.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise."
],
"links": [
[
"tune",
"tune"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest."
],
"links": [
[
"prolonged",
"prolonged"
],
[
"intonating",
"intonate"
],
[
"sing",
"sing"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪntəˈneɪʃən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-intonation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-intonation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-intonation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-intonation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-intonation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tajwīd",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَجْوِيد"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tartīl",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَرْتِيل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tanḡīm",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَنْغِيم"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonación"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonasiya"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "intanácyja",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "інтана́цыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "интона́ция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonació"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "抑揚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yìyáng",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "抑扬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "語調"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǔdiào",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "语调"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "語調"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǔdiào",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "语调"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "腔調"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiāngdiào",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "腔调"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonace"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "intonation"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonatie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zinsmelodie"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tónalag"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonaatio"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "sävelkulku"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entoación"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Satzmelodie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Sprachmelodie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tongebung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epitonismós",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "επιτονισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "אינטונציה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonáció"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonazione"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "intonēshon",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "イントネーション"
},
{
"alt": "よくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "yokuyō",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "抑揚"
},
{
"alt": "ごちょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gochō",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "語調"
},
{
"alt": "抑揚",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eogyang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "억양"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "intoneisyeon",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "인토네이션"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonācija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "intonacija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "интонација"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonasi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "hā"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "intonacij",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "интонаций"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ojsem",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "ойсем"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonasjon"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "tonefall"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âhang-e jomle",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "آهنگ جمله"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "âhang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "آهنگ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacja"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "интона́ция"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "интонација"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonácia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "entonación"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "kiimbo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "intonation"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "ohang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "оҳанг"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "intonatsiya",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "интонатсия"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tam-nɔɔng-sǐiang",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "ทำนองเสียง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "tonlama"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "entonasyon"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "інтона́ція"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "ngữ điệu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the rise and fall of the voice in speaking",
"word": "sự ngâm nga"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonierung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tongebung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ansatz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Tonhöhenfeinabstimmung"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "intonacij",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"word": "интонаций"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ojsem",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"word": "ойсем"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacja"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "intonácija",
"sense": "singing or playing in good tune or otherwise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "інтона́ція"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rečitativ",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "речитатив"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Intonation"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Vorsingen der Anfangsworte"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "intonacij",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"word": "интонаций"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ojsem",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"word": "ойсем"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "intonacja"
}
],
"word": "intonation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for intonation meaning in English (17.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.