See hypertrophy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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{
"word": "hypotrophy"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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"ref": "2010 January 29, Anita Woods et al., “Control of chondrocyte gene expression by actin dynamics: a novel role of cholesterol/Ror-α signalling in endochondral bone growth”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:",
"text": "Ectopic chondrocyte hypertrophy has been demonstrated in OA, suggesting that the pathogenetical process involves a recapitulation of endochondral ossification [ 11 – 13 ].",
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"word": "비대"
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"feminine"
],
"word": "гипертрофи́я"
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],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"increase",
"increase"
],
[
"size",
"size"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"enlargement",
"enlargement"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, medicine) An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its individual cells."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Bodybuilding"
],
"glosses": [
"Increase in muscle size through increased size of individual muscle cells; a result of weightlifting, and other exercise. It differs from muscle hyperplasia, which is the formation of new muscle cells."
],
"links": [
[
"bodybuilding",
"bodybuilding#Noun"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"cells",
"cells"
],
[
"weightlifting",
"weightlifting"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, bodybuilding) Increase in muscle size through increased size of individual muscle cells; a result of weightlifting, and other exercise. It differs from muscle hyperplasia, which is the formation of new muscle cells."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"bodybuilding",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/haɪˈpɜːtɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/haɪˈpɝːtɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hypertrophy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-hypertrophy.ogg/En-us-hypertrophy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-hypertrophy.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipertròfia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "féidà",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"word": "肥大"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"word": "hypertrofie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"word": "hypertrofia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hypertrophie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hypertrophie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypertrofía",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "υπερτροφία"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipeartrófacht"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"word": "ipertrofia"
},
{
"alt": "ひだい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hidai",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"word": "肥大"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bidae",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"word": "비대"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "hipertrofija",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хипертрофија"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipertrofia"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przerost"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipertrofia"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipertrofie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gipertrofíja",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гипертрофи́я"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "хипертро̀фија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "hipertròfija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hipertrofia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hypertrofi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "an increase in the size of an organ due to swelling of the individual cells",
"word": "sự nở to"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hypertrophy"
],
"word": "hypertrophy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms prefixed with hyper-",
"English terms suffixed with -trophy",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "hypertrophie"
},
"expansion": "French hypertrophie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ὑπέρ",
"4": "",
"5": "over, excessive"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over, excessive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hyper-",
"3": "-trophy"
},
"expansion": "hyper- + -trophy",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French hypertrophie, from Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér, “over, excessive”) + τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”), equivalent to hyper- + -trophy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hypertrophies",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hypertrophying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hypertrophied",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hypertrophied",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hypertrophy (third-person singular simple present hypertrophies, present participle hypertrophying, simple past and past participle hypertrophied)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "atrophy"
}
],
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To increase in size."
],
"links": [
[
"increase",
"increase"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of a tissue or organ) To increase in size."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a tissue or organ"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 January 29, Douglas Groothuis, “Texts, Graphics, and Culture: On the Decline of Reading and Civilization”, in Douglas Groothuis, Ph.D.: Christian Philosopher and Apologist, archived from the original on 2023-01-27:",
"text": "But when text hypertrophies into a riot of contending inscripturations, we lose too much of what matters most in writing.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 76:",
"text": "Like a well-exercised muscle, 'network' has hypertrophied into a master concept.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enlarge or extend."
],
"links": [
[
"enlarge",
"enlarge"
],
[
"extend",
"extend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) To enlarge or extend."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/haɪˈpɜːtɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/haɪˈpɝːtɹəfi/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hypertrophy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-us-hypertrophy.ogg/En-us-hypertrophy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-us-hypertrophy.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "hipertrofiar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "s’hypertrophier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "hypertrophieren"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypertrofó",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "υπερτροφώ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afxáno",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "αυξάνω"
},
{
"alt": "ひだいする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hidai suru",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "肥大する"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "hipertrofiar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "hipertrofia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to increase in size",
"word": "hipertrofiarse"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hypertrophy"
],
"word": "hypertrophy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hypertrophy meaning in English (12.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.