"havoc" meaning in English

See havoc in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Interjection

IPA: /ˈhævək/, /ˈhævək/ [General-Australian], /ˈhævɪk/ [General-Australian], /ˈhævək/ [General-American], /ˈhævɪk/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-havoc.ogg [US]
Etymology: From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|havok}} Middle English havok, {{m|enm|havyk}} havyk, {{der|en|fro|havok}} Old French havok, {{m|fro|crier havok||cry havoc}} crier havok (“cry havoc”), {{der|en|fro|crier||cry out, shout}} Old French crier (“cry out, shout”), {{m|fro|havot|t=pillaging, looting}} havot (“pillaging, looting”), {{unk|en|title=obscure}} obscure, {{der|en|fro|*haf}} Old French *haf, {{m|fro|hef|t=hook}} hef (“hook”), {{der|en|frk|*haf}} Frankish *haf, {{m|frk|*habbjā}} *habbjā, {{m|frk|*happjā|t=pruning-hook, scythe}} *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*habjaną|t=to take up, lift}} Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), {{cog|fro|havee|t=handful}} Old French havee (“handful”), {{cog|fro|havet|t=pruning-hook}} Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), {{cog|goh|habba}} Old High German habba, {{m|goh|heppa|t=pruning-hook, scythe}} heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), {{cog|de|Hippe|t=billhook}} German Hippe (“billhook”), {{cog|en|heave}} English heave, {{doublet|en|hatchet|nocap=1}} doublet of hatchet Head templates: {{en-interj}} havoc
  1. A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter.
    Sense id: en-havoc-en-intj-QW~7atfN
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: havok, havock [obsolete]

Noun

IPA: /ˈhævək/, /ˈhævək/ [General-Australian], /ˈhævɪk/ [General-Australian], /ˈhævək/ [General-American], /ˈhævɪk/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-havoc.ogg [US] Forms: havocs [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|havok}} Middle English havok, {{m|enm|havyk}} havyk, {{der|en|fro|havok}} Old French havok, {{m|fro|crier havok||cry havoc}} crier havok (“cry havoc”), {{der|en|fro|crier||cry out, shout}} Old French crier (“cry out, shout”), {{m|fro|havot|t=pillaging, looting}} havot (“pillaging, looting”), {{unk|en|title=obscure}} obscure, {{der|en|fro|*haf}} Old French *haf, {{m|fro|hef|t=hook}} hef (“hook”), {{der|en|frk|*haf}} Frankish *haf, {{m|frk|*habbjā}} *habbjā, {{m|frk|*happjā|t=pruning-hook, scythe}} *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*habjaną|t=to take up, lift}} Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), {{cog|fro|havee|t=handful}} Old French havee (“handful”), {{cog|fro|havet|t=pruning-hook}} Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), {{cog|goh|habba}} Old High German habba, {{m|goh|heppa|t=pruning-hook, scythe}} heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), {{cog|de|Hippe|t=billhook}} German Hippe (“billhook”), {{cog|en|heave}} English heave, {{doublet|en|hatchet|nocap=1}} doublet of hatchet Head templates: {{en-noun|-|s}} havoc (usually uncountable, plural havocs)
  1. Widespread devastation and destruction. Tags: uncountable, usually Translations (devastation): опустошение (opustošenie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), 浩劫 (hàojié) (Chinese Mandarin), verwoesting [feminine] (Dutch), hävitys (Finnish), tuho (Finnish), vahinko (Finnish), chaos [masculine, plural, singular] (French), dévastation [feminine] (French), bazar [masculine] (French), Zerstörung [feminine] (German), Verwüstung [feminine] (German), नाश (nāś) (Hindi), eirleach [masculine] (Irish), slad [masculine] (Irish), rovina [feminine] (Italian), distruzione [feminine] (Italian), strage [feminine] (Italian), aneatanga (Maori), spustoszenie (Polish), destruição [feminine] (Portuguese), devastação [feminine] (Portuguese), ruína [feminine] (Portuguese), опустоше́ние (opustošénije) [neuter] (Russian), разруше́ние (razrušénije) [neuter] (Russian), estrago [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-havoc-en-noun-wZLoA401 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 76 24 Disambiguation of 'devastation': 90 10
  2. Mayhem. Tags: uncountable, usually Translations (mayhem): безпорядък (bezporjadǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), kaaos (Finnish), sekasorto (Finnish), chaos [masculine, plural, singular] (French), Chaos [neuter] (German), Durcheinander [neuter] (German), aneatanga (Maori), беспоря́док (besporjádok) [masculine] (Russian), ха́ос (xáos) [masculine] (Russian), хао́с (xaós) [masculine] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-havoc-en-noun-etY2HD9z Disambiguation of 'mayhem': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: havok, havock [obsolete] Derived forms: play havoc, raise havoc, wreak havoc, cry havoc, break havoc

Verb

IPA: /ˈhævək/, /ˈhævək/ [General-Australian], /ˈhævɪk/ [General-Australian], /ˈhævək/ [General-American], /ˈhævɪk/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-havoc.ogg [US] Forms: havocs [present, singular, third-person], havocking [participle, present], havocked [participle, past], havocked [past]
Etymology: From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|havok}} Middle English havok, {{m|enm|havyk}} havyk, {{der|en|fro|havok}} Old French havok, {{m|fro|crier havok||cry havoc}} crier havok (“cry havoc”), {{der|en|fro|crier||cry out, shout}} Old French crier (“cry out, shout”), {{m|fro|havot|t=pillaging, looting}} havot (“pillaging, looting”), {{unk|en|title=obscure}} obscure, {{der|en|fro|*haf}} Old French *haf, {{m|fro|hef|t=hook}} hef (“hook”), {{der|en|frk|*haf}} Frankish *haf, {{m|frk|*habbjā}} *habbjā, {{m|frk|*happjā|t=pruning-hook, scythe}} *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*habjaną|t=to take up, lift}} Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), {{cog|fro|havee|t=handful}} Old French havee (“handful”), {{cog|fro|havet|t=pruning-hook}} Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), {{cog|goh|habba}} Old High German habba, {{m|goh|heppa|t=pruning-hook, scythe}} heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), {{cog|de|Hippe|t=billhook}} German Hippe (“billhook”), {{cog|en|heave}} English heave, {{doublet|en|hatchet|nocap=1}} doublet of hatchet Head templates: {{en-verb|havocs|havocking|havocked}} havoc (third-person singular simple present havocs, present participle havocking, simple past and past participle havocked)
  1. To pillage.
    Sense id: en-havoc-en-verb-xa1XhpPe
  2. To cause havoc. Translations (To cause havoc): опустошавам (opustošavam) (Bulgarian)
    Sense id: en-havoc-en-verb-yJAJiGAQ Disambiguation of 'To cause havoc': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: havok, havock [obsolete]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for havoc meaning in English (17.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "play havoc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "raise havoc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "wreak havoc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cry havoc"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "break havoc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English havok",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "havyk"
      },
      "expansion": "havyk",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havok",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crier havok",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cry havoc"
      },
      "expansion": "crier havok (“cry havoc”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "crier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cry out, shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havot",
        "t": "pillaging, looting"
      },
      "expansion": "havot (“pillaging, looting”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "hef",
        "t": "hook"
      },
      "expansion": "hef (“hook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*habbjā"
      },
      "expansion": "*habbjā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*happjā",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "*happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habjaną",
        "t": "to take up, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havee",
        "t": "handful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havet",
        "t": "pruning-hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "habba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German habba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "heppa",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hippe",
        "t": "billhook"
      },
      "expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "heave"
      },
      "expansion": "English heave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hatchet",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "havocs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "havoc (usually uncountable, plural havocs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The People that Time Forgot, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008",
          "text": "But when I had come to that part of the city which I judged to have contained the relics I sought I found havoc that had been wrought there even greater than elsewhere.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Widespread devastation and destruction."
      ],
      "id": "en-havoc-en-noun-wZLoA401",
      "links": [
        [
          "Widespread",
          "widespread"
        ],
        [
          "devastation",
          "devastation"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "opustošenie",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "опустошение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "hàojié",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "word": "浩劫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "verwoesting"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "word": "hävitys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "word": "tuho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "word": "vahinko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural",
            "singular"
          ],
          "word": "chaos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dévastation"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bazar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Zerstörung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Verwüstung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "nāś",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "word": "नाश"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "eirleach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "slad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rovina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "distruzione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "strage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "word": "aneatanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "word": "spustoszenie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "destruição"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "devastação"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ruína"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "opustošénije",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "опустоше́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "razrušénije",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "разруше́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "devastation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "estrago"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Mayhem."
      ],
      "id": "en-havoc-en-noun-etY2HD9z",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mayhem",
          "mayhem"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bezporjadǎk",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "безпорядък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "word": "kaaos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "word": "sekasorto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural",
            "singular"
          ],
          "word": "chaos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Chaos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Durcheinander"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "word": "aneatanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "besporjádok",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "беспоря́док"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xáos",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ха́ос"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xaós",
          "sense": "mayhem",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хао́с"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "havok"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "havock"
    }
  ],
  "word": "havoc"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English havok",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "havyk"
      },
      "expansion": "havyk",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havok",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crier havok",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cry havoc"
      },
      "expansion": "crier havok (“cry havoc”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "crier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cry out, shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havot",
        "t": "pillaging, looting"
      },
      "expansion": "havot (“pillaging, looting”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "hef",
        "t": "hook"
      },
      "expansion": "hef (“hook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*habbjā"
      },
      "expansion": "*habbjā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*happjā",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "*happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habjaną",
        "t": "to take up, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havee",
        "t": "handful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havet",
        "t": "pruning-hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "habba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German habba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "heppa",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hippe",
        "t": "billhook"
      },
      "expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "heave"
      },
      "expansion": "English heave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hatchet",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "havocs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "havocking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "havocked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "havocked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "havocs",
        "2": "havocking",
        "3": "havocked"
      },
      "expansion": "havoc (third-person singular simple present havocs, present participle havocking, simple past and past participle havocked)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To pillage."
      ],
      "id": "en-havoc-en-verb-xa1XhpPe",
      "links": [
        [
          "pillage",
          "pillage"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To cause havoc."
      ],
      "id": "en-havoc-en-verb-yJAJiGAQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "havoc",
          "#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "opustošavam",
          "sense": "To cause havoc",
          "word": "опустошавам"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "havok"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "havock"
    }
  ],
  "word": "havoc"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English havok",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "havyk"
      },
      "expansion": "havyk",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havok",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crier havok",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cry havoc"
      },
      "expansion": "crier havok (“cry havoc”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "crier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cry out, shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havot",
        "t": "pillaging, looting"
      },
      "expansion": "havot (“pillaging, looting”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "hef",
        "t": "hook"
      },
      "expansion": "hef (“hook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*habbjā"
      },
      "expansion": "*habbjā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*happjā",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "*happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habjaną",
        "t": "to take up, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havee",
        "t": "handful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havet",
        "t": "pruning-hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "habba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German habba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "heppa",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hippe",
        "t": "billhook"
      },
      "expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "heave"
      },
      "expansion": "English heave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hatchet",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "havoc",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter."
      ],
      "id": "en-havoc-en-intj-QW~7atfN",
      "links": [
        [
          "signal",
          "signal"
        ],
        [
          "indiscriminate",
          "indiscriminate"
        ],
        [
          "slaughter",
          "slaughter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "havok"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "havock"
    }
  ],
  "word": "havoc"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "play havoc"
    },
    {
      "word": "raise havoc"
    },
    {
      "word": "wreak havoc"
    },
    {
      "word": "cry havoc"
    },
    {
      "word": "break havoc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English havok",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "havyk"
      },
      "expansion": "havyk",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havok",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crier havok",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cry havoc"
      },
      "expansion": "crier havok (“cry havoc”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "crier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cry out, shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havot",
        "t": "pillaging, looting"
      },
      "expansion": "havot (“pillaging, looting”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "hef",
        "t": "hook"
      },
      "expansion": "hef (“hook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*habbjā"
      },
      "expansion": "*habbjā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*happjā",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "*happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habjaną",
        "t": "to take up, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havee",
        "t": "handful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havet",
        "t": "pruning-hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "habba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German habba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "heppa",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hippe",
        "t": "billhook"
      },
      "expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "heave"
      },
      "expansion": "English heave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hatchet",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "havocs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "havoc (usually uncountable, plural havocs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The People that Time Forgot, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008",
          "text": "But when I had come to that part of the city which I judged to have contained the relics I sought I found havoc that had been wrought there even greater than elsewhere.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Widespread devastation and destruction."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Widespread",
          "widespread"
        ],
        [
          "devastation",
          "devastation"
        ],
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Mayhem."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mayhem",
          "mayhem"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "havok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "havock"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "opustošenie",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "опустошение"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hàojié",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "word": "浩劫"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "verwoesting"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "word": "hävitys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "word": "tuho"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "word": "vahinko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "singular"
      ],
      "word": "chaos"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dévastation"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bazar"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Zerstörung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Verwüstung"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "nāś",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "word": "नाश"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "eirleach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "slad"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rovina"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "distruzione"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "strage"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "word": "aneatanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "word": "spustoszenie"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "destruição"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "devastação"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ruína"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "opustošénije",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "опустоше́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "razrušénije",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "разруше́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "devastation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "estrago"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bezporjadǎk",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "безпорядък"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "word": "kaaos"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "word": "sekasorto"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "singular"
      ],
      "word": "chaos"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Chaos"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Durcheinander"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "word": "aneatanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "besporjádok",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "беспоря́док"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xáos",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ха́ос"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xaós",
      "sense": "mayhem",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хао́с"
    }
  ],
  "word": "havoc"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English havok",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "havyk"
      },
      "expansion": "havyk",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havok",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crier havok",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cry havoc"
      },
      "expansion": "crier havok (“cry havoc”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "crier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cry out, shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havot",
        "t": "pillaging, looting"
      },
      "expansion": "havot (“pillaging, looting”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "hef",
        "t": "hook"
      },
      "expansion": "hef (“hook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*habbjā"
      },
      "expansion": "*habbjā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*happjā",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "*happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habjaną",
        "t": "to take up, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havee",
        "t": "handful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havet",
        "t": "pruning-hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "habba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German habba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "heppa",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hippe",
        "t": "billhook"
      },
      "expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "heave"
      },
      "expansion": "English heave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hatchet",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "havocs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "havocking",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "havocked",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "havocked",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "havocs",
        "2": "havocking",
        "3": "havocked"
      },
      "expansion": "havoc (third-person singular simple present havocs, present participle havocking, simple past and past participle havocked)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To pillage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pillage",
          "pillage"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To cause havoc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "havoc",
          "#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "havok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "havock"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "opustošavam",
      "sense": "To cause havoc",
      "word": "опустошавам"
    }
  ],
  "word": "havoc"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English interjections",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English havok",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "havyk"
      },
      "expansion": "havyk",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "havok"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havok",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "crier havok",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cry havoc"
      },
      "expansion": "crier havok (“cry havoc”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "crier",
        "4": "",
        "5": "cry out, shout"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havot",
        "t": "pillaging, looting"
      },
      "expansion": "havot (“pillaging, looting”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "obscure"
      },
      "expansion": "obscure",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "hef",
        "t": "hook"
      },
      "expansion": "hef (“hook”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*haf"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *haf",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*habbjā"
      },
      "expansion": "*habbjā",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frk",
        "2": "*happjā",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "*happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*habjaną",
        "t": "to take up, lift"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havee",
        "t": "handful"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "havet",
        "t": "pruning-hook"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "habba"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German habba",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "heppa",
        "t": "pruning-hook, scythe"
      },
      "expansion": "heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hippe",
        "t": "billhook"
      },
      "expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "heave"
      },
      "expansion": "English heave",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hatchet",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "havoc",
      "name": "en-interj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "signal",
          "signal"
        ],
        [
          "indiscriminate",
          "indiscriminate"
        ],
        [
          "slaughter",
          "slaughter"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "havok"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "havock"
    }
  ],
  "word": "havoc"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.