See havoc on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "play havoc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "play merry havoc with"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "raise havoc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wreak havoc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cry havoc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "break havoc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English havok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Old French havok",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier",
"4": "",
"5": "cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Old French *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to take up, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havee",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havet",
"t": "pruning-hook"
},
"expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heave"
},
"expansion": "English heave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hatchet",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "havocs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "havok",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "havock",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hauocke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "havoc (usually uncountable, plural havocs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1688, John Bunyan, Good News for the Vilest of Men, or, A Help for Despairing Souls. […], London: […] George Larkin, […], →OCLC, page 59:",
"text": "I [Paul the Apostle] vvas going to Damaſcus vvith Letters from the High Prieſt to make Havock of God's People there, as I had made Havock of them in other places. Theſe bloody Letters vvas not impoſed upon me. I vvent to the High Prieſt and deſired them of him, Acts 9. 1, 2. And yet he [God] ſaved me!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 1:",
"text": "Ye Gods, what Havock does Ambition make / Among your Works!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The People that Time Forgot, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008:",
"text": "But when I had come to that part of the city which I judged to have contained the relics I sought I found havoc that had been wrought there even greater than elsewhere.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Widespread devastation and destruction."
],
"id": "en-havoc-en-noun-wZLoA401",
"links": [
[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"devastation",
"devastation"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opustošenie",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опустошение"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàojié",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "浩劫"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verwoesting"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "hävitys"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "tuho"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "vahinko"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dévastation"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bazar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zerstörung"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwüstung"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nāś",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "नाश"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eirleach"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slad"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rovina"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distruzione"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strage"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "spustoszenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "destruição"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "devastação"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruína"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opustošénije",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опустоше́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrušénije",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разруше́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destrucción"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "devastación"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruina"
}
]
},
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"_dis": "17 3 62 8 11",
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"_dis": "17 4 58 10 11",
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],
"glosses": [
"Mayhem."
],
"id": "en-havoc-en-noun-etY2HD9z",
"links": [
[
"Mayhem",
"mayhem"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezporjadǎk",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "безпорядък"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mayhem",
"word": "kaaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mayhem",
"word": "sekasorto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chaos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Durcheinander"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mayhem",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besporjádok",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "беспоря́док"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xáos",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ха́ос"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xaós",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хао́с"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
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"audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg"
}
],
"word": "havoc"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English havok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Old French havok",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier",
"4": "",
"5": "cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Old French *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to take up, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havee",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havet",
"t": "pruning-hook"
},
"expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heave"
},
"expansion": "English heave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hatchet",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "havocs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "havocking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "havocked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "havocked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "havok",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "havock",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hauocke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "havocs",
"2": "havocking",
"3": "havocked"
},
"expansion": "havoc (third-person singular simple present havocs, present participle havocking, simple past and past participle havocked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "To tear and havoc more than she can eat.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pillage."
],
"id": "en-havoc-en-verb-xa1XhpPe",
"links": [
[
"pillage",
"pillage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cause havoc."
],
"id": "en-havoc-en-verb-yJAJiGAQ",
"links": [
[
"havoc",
"#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opustošavam",
"sense": "To cause havoc",
"word": "опустошавам"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
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"word": "havoc"
}
{
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"3": "havok"
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"expansion": "Middle English havok",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Old French havok",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier",
"4": "",
"5": "cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Old French *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to take up, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havee",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havet",
"t": "pruning-hook"
},
"expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heave"
},
"expansion": "English heave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hatchet",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "havok",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "havock",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hauocke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "havoc",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt / With modest warrant.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:",
"text": "Cry \"havoc\", and let slip the dogs of war!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter."
],
"id": "en-havoc-en-intj-QW~7atfN",
"links": [
[
"signal",
"signal"
],
[
"indiscriminate",
"indiscriminate"
],
[
"slaughter",
"slaughter"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg"
}
],
"word": "havoc"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "play havoc"
},
{
"word": "play merry havoc with"
},
{
"word": "raise havoc"
},
{
"word": "wreak havoc"
},
{
"word": "cry havoc"
},
{
"word": "break havoc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English havok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Old French havok",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier",
"4": "",
"5": "cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Old French *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to take up, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havee",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havet",
"t": "pruning-hook"
},
"expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heave"
},
"expansion": "English heave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hatchet",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "havocs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "havok",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "havock",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hauocke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "havoc (usually uncountable, plural havocs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1688, John Bunyan, Good News for the Vilest of Men, or, A Help for Despairing Souls. […], London: […] George Larkin, […], →OCLC, page 59:",
"text": "I [Paul the Apostle] vvas going to Damaſcus vvith Letters from the High Prieſt to make Havock of God's People there, as I had made Havock of them in other places. Theſe bloody Letters vvas not impoſed upon me. I vvent to the High Prieſt and deſired them of him, Acts 9. 1, 2. And yet he [God] ſaved me!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 1:",
"text": "Ye Gods, what Havock does Ambition make / Among your Works!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The People that Time Forgot, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2008:",
"text": "But when I had come to that part of the city which I judged to have contained the relics I sought I found havoc that had been wrought there even greater than elsewhere.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Widespread devastation and destruction."
],
"links": [
[
"Widespread",
"widespread"
],
[
"devastation",
"devastation"
],
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Mayhem."
],
"links": [
[
"Mayhem",
"mayhem"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opustošenie",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опустошение"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàojié",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "浩劫"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verwoesting"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "hävitys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "tuho"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "vahinko"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dévastation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bazar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zerstörung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verwüstung"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "nāś",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "नाश"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "eirleach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "slad"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rovina"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "distruzione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strage"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "devastation",
"word": "spustoszenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "destruição"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "devastação"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruína"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opustošénije",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "опустоше́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrušénije",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "разруше́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "destrucción"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "devastación"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "devastation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruina"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezporjadǎk",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "безпорядък"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mayhem",
"word": "kaaos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mayhem",
"word": "sekasorto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
],
"word": "chaos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chaos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Durcheinander"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "mayhem",
"word": "aneatanga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "besporjádok",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "беспоря́док"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xáos",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ха́ос"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xaós",
"sense": "mayhem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хао́с"
}
],
"word": "havoc"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English havok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Old French havok",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier",
"4": "",
"5": "cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Old French *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to take up, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havee",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havet",
"t": "pruning-hook"
},
"expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heave"
},
"expansion": "English heave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hatchet",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "havocs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "havocking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "havocked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "havocked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "havok",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "havock",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hauocke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "havocs",
"2": "havocking",
"3": "havocked"
},
"expansion": "havoc (third-person singular simple present havocs, present participle havocking, simple past and past participle havocked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "To tear and havoc more than she can eat.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pillage."
],
"links": [
[
"pillage",
"pillage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cause havoc."
],
"links": [
[
"havoc",
"#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opustošavam",
"sense": "To cause havoc",
"word": "опустошавам"
}
],
"word": "havoc"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Middle English havok",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "havok"
},
"expansion": "Old French havok",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier",
"4": "",
"5": "cry out, shout"
},
"expansion": "Old French crier (“cry out, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "obscure"
},
"expansion": "obscure",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Old French *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*haf"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *haf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to take up, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havee",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Old French havee (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "havet",
"t": "pruning-hook"
},
"expansion": "Old French havet (“pruning-hook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habba"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hippe",
"t": "billhook"
},
"expansion": "German Hippe (“billhook”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heave"
},
"expansion": "English heave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hatchet",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of hatchet",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English havok, havyk, from Old French havok in the phrase crier havok (“cry havoc”) a signal to soldiers to seize plunder, from Old French crier (“cry out, shout”) + havot (“pillaging, looting”), of obscure origin. Probably from a derivative of Old French *haf, hef (“hook”), from Frankish *haf, *habbjā, *happjā (“pruning-hook, scythe”), derived from Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to take up, lift”), related to Old French havee (“handful”), Old French havet (“pruning-hook”), Old High German habba, heppa (“pruning-hook, scythe”), modern German Hippe (“billhook”). If so, then also related to English heave and doublet of hatchet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "havok",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "havock",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hauocke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "havoc",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt / With modest warrant.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:",
"text": "Cry \"havoc\", and let slip the dogs of war!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter."
],
"links": [
[
"signal",
"signal"
],
[
"indiscriminate",
"indiscriminate"
],
[
"slaughter",
"slaughter"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævək/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhævɪk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-havoc.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg/En-us-havoc.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/En-us-havoc.ogg"
}
],
"word": "havoc"
}
Download raw JSONL data for havoc meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.