"glaciology" meaning in English

See glaciology in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˌɡleɪsɪˈɒlədʒi/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˌɡleɪʃiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav [Southern-England] Forms: glaciologies [plural]
Etymology: From Latin glaciēs (“ice”) + -ology (“study of a particular subject”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|glaciēs||ice}} Latin glaciēs (“ice”), {{suffix|en||ology|t2=study of a particular subject}} + -ology (“study of a particular subject”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} glaciology (countable and uncountable, plural glaciologies)
  1. (geography) The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers. Wikipedia link: Fedchenko Glacier, Landsat 7 Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Geography Derived forms: astroglaciological, astroglaciology, glaciological, glaciologically, glaciologist, radioglaciology Translations (study of ice and its effect on the landscape): glaciologjia (Albanian), علم الجليد (Arabic), qlyasiologiya (Azerbaijani), glaziologia (Basque), гляцыялогія (hljacyjalóhija) (Belarusian), হিমবিদ্যা (himbidda) (Bengali), हिमानी बिज्ञान (Bihari), глациология (glaciologija) (Bulgarian), glaciologia [feminine] (Catalan), peng-hô-ha̍k [Hokkien] (Chinese), 冰川学 (Chinese Mandarin), glaciologie (Czech), glaciologi (Danish), gletsjerkunde [feminine] (Dutch), glaciologie [feminine] (Dutch), glaciologio (Esperanto), glatsioloogia (Estonian), glasiologia (Finnish), glaciologie [feminine] (French), glacioloxía [feminine] (Galician), გლაციოლოგია (glaciologia) (Georgian), Glaziologie [feminine] (German), हिमानी विज्ञान (himānī vijñān) (Hindi), हिमानिकी (himānikī) (Hindi), glaciológia (Hungarian), jöklafræði (Icelandic), glasiologi (Indonesian), oigheareolaíocht [feminine] (Irish), glaciologia [feminine] (Italian), 雪氷学 (Japanese), мұздықтану (mūzdyqtanu) (Kazakh), ទឹកកកវិទ្យា (tɨk kɑɑ kɑɑ vityie) (Khmer), ហិមានីវិទ្យា (he’maanii vityie) (Khmer), 빙하학 (binghahak) (Korean), гляциология (glyatsiologiya) (Kyrgyz), glacioloģija (Latvian), gletsjerkónde (Limburgish), glaciologija (Lithuanian), glaziologie (Luxembourgish), glaciologi (Malay), glasiologi [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), glasiologi (Norwegian Nynorsk), glaciologia (Occitan), یخچالشناسی (Persian), glacjologia [feminine] (Polish), glaciologia [feminine] (Portuguese), ਗਲੇਸ਼ੀਅਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (galeśīara vigiāna) (Punjabi), glaciologie (Romanian), гляциоло́гия (gljaciológija) [feminine] (Russian), glaciology (Scots), glaciologija (Serbo-Croatian), глациологија (Serbo-Croatian), ග්ලැසියර විද්යාව (glæsiyara widyāwa) (Sinhalese), glaciológia (Slovak), glaciología [feminine] (Spanish), glaciologi (Swedish), glasyolohiya (Tagalog), วิทยาธารน้ำแข็ง (Thai), buzul bilimi (Turkish), buzulbilim (Turkish), glasiyoloji (Turkish), гляціологія (hljaciolohija) (Ukrainian), glyatsiologiya (Uzbek), băng hà học (Vietnamese), glasyolohiya (Waray-Waray), rhewlifeg [feminine] (Welsh), glasiyoloci (Zazaki), cemedzanışey (Zazaki)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for glaciology meaning in English (14.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "glaciēs",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ice"
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      "expansion": "Latin glaciēs (“ice”)",
      "name": "der"
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        "2": "",
        "3": "ology",
        "t2": "study of a particular subject"
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      "expansion": "+ -ology (“study of a particular subject”)",
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    }
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  "etymology_text": "From Latin glaciēs (“ice”) + -ology (“study of a particular subject”).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "glaciologies",
      "tags": [
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      ]
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  "hyphenation": [
    "gla‧ci‧o‧lo‧gy"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "astroglaciological"
        },
        {
          "word": "astroglaciology"
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        {
          "word": "glaciological"
        },
        {
          "word": "glaciologically"
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        {
          "word": "glaciologist"
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        {
          "word": "radioglaciology"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1856, W. S.-Y., “Greenland”, in Thomas Stewart Traill, editor, The Encyclopædia Britannica, or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 8th edition, volume XI, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 40, column 2",
          "text": "From this high position in latitude, explorations (furthered for a time by the effective aid of their Esquimaux dogs) were perseveringly made, and rewarded by results of the most interesting nature in geography, hydrography, and glaciology.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1989, L. A. Rasmussen, “Discussion”, in Surface Velocity Variations of the Lower Part of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1977–1981 (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper; 1258-H), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page H28",
          "text": "Until now, aerial photography had been used in glaciology only for mapping the glacier surface and the surface velocity field; other, much more expensive, methods have been used to determine the bed and mass balance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1975, J[ohn] T. Andrews, Glacial Systems: An Approach to Glaciers and Their Environments (Environmental Systems), North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, →OCLC, page 56",
          "text": "This general approach offers the possibility of reconstructing past glaciologies for a situation where (1) the outline of the glacier can be reconstructed, (2) the ELA [equilibrium line altitude] can be determined, (3) the area under the ELA can be measured, and (4) there is some information on the winter balance and ablation gradient of the former glacier.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Peter J. Robinson, Ann Henderson-Sellers, “Moisture in the Atmosphere”, in Contemporary Climatology, 2nd edition, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2014, page 56",
          "text": "In order to understand and predict the actions of water in the climate system it is useful to think of the water as being part of a distinct system, sometimes called the hydrological cycle[…]. A complete understanding of this system would […] require excursions into geomorphology, pedology, botany, glaciology, oceanography and, if human structures are included as part of the Earth's surface, civil engineering.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003, Adam Johnson, chapter 5, in Parasites Like Us, New York, N.Y.: Viking Books; republished London: Black Swan, 2014, page 152",
          "text": "I was leafing through deep-core glaciology results from Greenland's mid-rift when the telephone rang. It droned on forever before it finally quit and I could concentrate again. The Greenland data confirmed all the other studies: the earth suffered ninety thousand years of ice-age weather, then ten thousand years of warm, in a loop that repeated over and over, as far back as there was ice to record it.",
          "type": "quotation"
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      "glosses": [
        "The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers."
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        [
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          "effect#Noun"
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        [
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geography) The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers."
      ],
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      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologjia"
        },
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "علم الجليد"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "qlyasiologiya"
        },
        {
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaziologia"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "hljacyjalóhija",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "гляцыялогія"
        },
        {
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "himbidda",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "হিমবিদ্যা"
        },
        {
          "code": "bh",
          "lang": "Bihari",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "हिमानी बिज्ञान"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "glaciologija",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "глациология"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glaciologia"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "peng-hô-ha̍k"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "冰川学"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologie"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologi"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gletsjerkunde"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glaciologie"
        },
        {
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologio"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glatsioloogia"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glasiologia"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glaciologie"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glacioloxía"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "glaciologia",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "გლაციოლოგია"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Glaziologie"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "himānī vijñān",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "हिमानी विज्ञान"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "himānikī",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "हिमानिकी"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciológia"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "jöklafræði"
        },
        {
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glasiologi"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "oigheareolaíocht"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glaciologia"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "雪氷学"
        },
        {
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "mūzdyqtanu",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "мұздықтану"
        },
        {
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "tɨk kɑɑ kɑɑ vityie",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "ទឹកកកវិទ្យា"
        },
        {
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "he’maanii vityie",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "ហិមានីវិទ្យា"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "binghahak",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "빙하학"
        },
        {
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "glyatsiologiya",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "гляциология"
        },
        {
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glacioloģija"
        },
        {
          "code": "li",
          "lang": "Limburgish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "gletsjerkónde"
        },
        {
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologija"
        },
        {
          "code": "lb",
          "lang": "Luxembourgish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaziologie"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologi"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "glasiologi"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glasiologi"
        },
        {
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologia"
        },
        {
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "یخچالشناسی"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glacjologia"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glaciologia"
        },
        {
          "code": "pa",
          "lang": "Punjabi",
          "roman": "galeśīara vigiāna",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "ਗਲੇਸ਼ੀਅਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologie"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gljaciológija",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "гляциоло́гия"
        },
        {
          "code": "sco",
          "lang": "Scots",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciology"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologija"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "глациологија"
        },
        {
          "code": "si",
          "lang": "Sinhalese",
          "roman": "glæsiyara widyāwa",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "ග්ලැසියර විද්යාව"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciológia"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "glaciología"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glaciologi"
        },
        {
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glasyolohiya"
        },
        {
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "วิทยาธารน้ำแข็ง"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "buzul bilimi"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "buzulbilim"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glasiyoloji"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "hljaciolohija",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "гляціологія"
        },
        {
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glyatsiologiya"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "băng hà học"
        },
        {
          "code": "war",
          "lang": "Waray-Waray",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glasyolohiya"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rhewlifeg"
        },
        {
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "glasiyoloci"
        },
        {
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
          "word": "cemedzanışey"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Fedchenko Glacier",
        "Landsat 7"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɡleɪsɪˈɒlədʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɡleɪʃiˈɑləd͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "glaciology"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "astroglaciological"
    },
    {
      "word": "astroglaciology"
    },
    {
      "word": "glaciological"
    },
    {
      "word": "glaciologically"
    },
    {
      "word": "glaciologist"
    },
    {
      "word": "radioglaciology"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "glaciēs",
        "4": "",
        "5": "ice"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin glaciēs (“ice”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "",
        "3": "ology",
        "t2": "study of a particular subject"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -ology (“study of a particular subject”)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin glaciēs (“ice”) + -ology (“study of a particular subject”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "glaciologies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "glaciology (countable and uncountable, plural glaciologies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "gla‧ci‧o‧lo‧gy"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 5-syllable words",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms suffixed with -ology",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English terms with audio links",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Khmer terms with redundant script codes",
        "en:Geography"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1856, W. S.-Y., “Greenland”, in Thomas Stewart Traill, editor, The Encyclopædia Britannica, or Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, 8th edition, volume XI, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 40, column 2",
          "text": "From this high position in latitude, explorations (furthered for a time by the effective aid of their Esquimaux dogs) were perseveringly made, and rewarded by results of the most interesting nature in geography, hydrography, and glaciology.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1989, L. A. Rasmussen, “Discussion”, in Surface Velocity Variations of the Lower Part of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, 1977–1981 (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper; 1258-H), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page H28",
          "text": "Until now, aerial photography had been used in glaciology only for mapping the glacier surface and the surface velocity field; other, much more expensive, methods have been used to determine the bed and mass balance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1975, J[ohn] T. Andrews, Glacial Systems: An Approach to Glaciers and Their Environments (Environmental Systems), North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, →OCLC, page 56",
          "text": "This general approach offers the possibility of reconstructing past glaciologies for a situation where (1) the outline of the glacier can be reconstructed, (2) the ELA [equilibrium line altitude] can be determined, (3) the area under the ELA can be measured, and (4) there is some information on the winter balance and ablation gradient of the former glacier.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Peter J. Robinson, Ann Henderson-Sellers, “Moisture in the Atmosphere”, in Contemporary Climatology, 2nd edition, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2014, page 56",
          "text": "In order to understand and predict the actions of water in the climate system it is useful to think of the water as being part of a distinct system, sometimes called the hydrological cycle[…]. A complete understanding of this system would […] require excursions into geomorphology, pedology, botany, glaciology, oceanography and, if human structures are included as part of the Earth's surface, civil engineering.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003, Adam Johnson, chapter 5, in Parasites Like Us, New York, N.Y.: Viking Books; republished London: Black Swan, 2014, page 152",
          "text": "I was leafing through deep-core glaciology results from Greenland's mid-rift when the telephone rang. It droned on forever before it finally quit and I could concentrate again. The Greenland data confirmed all the other studies: the earth suffered ninety thousand years of ice-age weather, then ten thousand years of warm, in a loop that repeated over and over, as far back as there was ice to record it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "ice",
          "ice#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "landscape",
          "landscape#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "glacier",
          "glacier"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geography) The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Fedchenko Glacier",
        "Landsat 7"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɡleɪsɪˈɒlədʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɡleɪʃiˈɑləd͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-glaciology.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologjia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "علم الجليد"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "qlyasiologiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaziologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "hljacyjalóhija",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "гляцыялогія"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "himbidda",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "হিমবিদ্যা"
    },
    {
      "code": "bh",
      "lang": "Bihari",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "हिमानी बिज्ञान"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "glaciologija",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "глациология"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glaciologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "peng-hô-ha̍k"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "冰川学"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gletsjerkunde"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glaciologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologio"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glatsioloogia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glasiologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glaciologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glacioloxía"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "glaciologia",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "გლაციოლოგია"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Glaziologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "himānī vijñān",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "हिमानी विज्ञान"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "himānikī",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "हिमानिकी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciológia"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "jöklafræði"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glasiologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "oigheareolaíocht"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glaciologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "雪氷学"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "mūzdyqtanu",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "мұздықтану"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "tɨk kɑɑ kɑɑ vityie",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "ទឹកកកវិទ្យា"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "he’maanii vityie",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "ហិមានីវិទ្យា"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "binghahak",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "빙하학"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "glyatsiologiya",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "гляциология"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glacioloģija"
    },
    {
      "code": "li",
      "lang": "Limburgish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "gletsjerkónde"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologija"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaziologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "glasiologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glasiologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "یخچالشناسی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glacjologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glaciologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "galeśīara vigiāna",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "ਗਲੇਸ਼ੀਅਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gljaciológija",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "гляциоло́гия"
    },
    {
      "code": "sco",
      "lang": "Scots",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciology"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "глациологија"
    },
    {
      "code": "si",
      "lang": "Sinhalese",
      "roman": "glæsiyara widyāwa",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "ග්ලැසියර විද්යාව"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciológia"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "glaciología"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glaciologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glasyolohiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "วิทยาธารน้ำแข็ง"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "buzul bilimi"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "buzulbilim"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glasiyoloji"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "hljaciolohija",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "гляціологія"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glyatsiologiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "băng hà học"
    },
    {
      "code": "war",
      "lang": "Waray-Waray",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glasyolohiya"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rhewlifeg"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "glasiyoloci"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "study of ice and its effect on the landscape",
      "word": "cemedzanışey"
    }
  ],
  "word": "glaciology"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.