"foreignism" meaning in English

See foreignism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: foreignisms [plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *dʰworéh₂ Proto-Italic *þworā Proto-Italic *fworā Proto-Italic *forā Latin *fora Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂der. Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns Proto-Italic *-ans Latin -ās Latin forās Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Proto-Italic *-ānos Latin -ānus Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr Proto-Italic *θworeis < *θworis Latin forīs < foris ▲ Latin -ānus Vulgar Latin *forānus Old French forainbor. ▲ Middle English ferinflu. Middle English foreyn ▲ English reigninflu.? English foreign Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der. English -ism English foreignism From foreign + -ism. First attested in 1779. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|foreign|-ism&lt;id:action nouns&gt;|etydate=1779|text=*|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *dʰworéh₂ Proto-Italic *þworā Proto-Italic *fworā Proto-Italic *forā Latin *fora Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂der. Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns Proto-Italic *-ans Latin -ās Latin forās Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Italic *-nos Proto-Italic *-ānos Latin -ānus Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr Proto-Italic *θworeis < *θworis Latin forīs < foris ▲ Latin -ānus Vulgar Latin *forānus Old French forainbor. ▲ Middle English ferinflu. Middle English foreyn ▲ English reigninflu.? English foreign Proto-Indo-European *-id- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-idyéti Proto-Hellenic *-íďďō Ancient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō) Proto-Indo-European *-mos Proto-Indo-European *-mós Ancient Greek -μός (-mós) Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der. English -ism English foreignism [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*fora", "lang_name" : "Latin", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*fworā", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*þworā", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*dʰworéh₂", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*dʰwer-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "o-grade", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*forā", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "la" }, { "id" : "accusative plural", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "ine-pro", "id" : "collective nouns", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂ns", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ans", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ās", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "forās", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "id" : "-ian", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-nós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-nos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ānos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ānus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" }, { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "forīs &lt; foris", "id" : "outside", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*θworeis &lt; *θworis", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "door", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "door", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "ine-pro", "id" : "door", "pos" : "root" }, "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*dʰwer-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "lengthened amphikinetic", "children" : [ ], "status" : "missing", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-s", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*dʰwṓr", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "foris", "lang" : "la" }, { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "-ian", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ānos", "id" : "-ian", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ānus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Vulgar Latin", "term" : "*forānus", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "la-vul" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "forain", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "id" : "far", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "fer", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "foreyn", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "keyword_abbrev" : "influ.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Influenced by", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "reign", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword" : "influence" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "foreign", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }, { "id" : "action nouns", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "abstract noun", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-id-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-idyéti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-íďďō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐ́ζω", "lang" : "grc" }, { "id" : "abstract noun", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-mos", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-mós", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-μός", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ισμός", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ism", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "foreignism", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="foreignism"> From foreign + -ism. First attested in 1779. Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} foreignism (countable and uncountable, plural foreignisms)
  1. (uncountable) A tendency to favor what is foreign. Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-foreignism-en-noun-4pvg2XKD
  2. (countable, rhetoric) A trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language. Tags: countable, rhetoric Synonyms: alienism Translations (a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language): fremdismo (Esperanto), stranjerismo (Ido), estrangeirismo [masculine] (Portuguese), extranjerismo [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-foreignism-en-noun--MkPTESL Categories (other): Rhetoric, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ism, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 37 63 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 37 63 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 42 58 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 10 90 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 41 59 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 20 80 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 16 84 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 17 83 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 8 92 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 12 88 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 11 89 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 16 84 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 10 90 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of 'a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language': 2 98
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: anti-foreignism, hyperforeignism

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "anti-foreignism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hyperforeignism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "foreign",
        "4": "-ism<id:action nouns>",
        "etydate": "1779",
        "text": "*",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *dʰworéh₂\nProto-Italic *þworā\nProto-Italic *fworā\nProto-Italic *forā\nLatin *fora\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂der.\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns\nProto-Italic *-ans\nLatin -ās\nLatin forās\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr\nProto-Italic *θworeis < *θworis\nLatin forīs < foris\n▲\nLatin -ānus\nVulgar Latin *forānus\nOld French forainbor.\n▲\nMiddle English ferinflu.\nMiddle English foreyn\n▲\nEnglish reigninflu.?\nEnglish foreign\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish foreignism\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*fora\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*fworā\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*þworā\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰworéh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰwer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*forā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"accusative plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂ns\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ans\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ās\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"forās\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"forīs &lt; foris\", \"id\" : \"outside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θworeis &lt; *θworis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"door\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"door\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"door\", \"pos\" : \"root\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰwer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"lengthened amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰwṓr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foris\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ānos\", \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*forānus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"forain\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"far\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fer\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"foreyn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"reign\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foreign\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ισμός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ism\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foreignism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"foreignism\">\nFrom foreign + -ism. First attested in 1779.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *dʰworéh₂\nProto-Italic *þworā\nProto-Italic *fworā\nProto-Italic *forā\nLatin *fora\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂der.\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns\nProto-Italic *-ans\nLatin -ās\nLatin forās\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr\nProto-Italic *θworeis < *θworis\nLatin forīs < foris\n▲\nLatin -ānus\nVulgar Latin *forānus\nOld French forainbor.\n▲\nMiddle English ferinflu.\nMiddle English foreyn\n▲\nEnglish reigninflu.?\nEnglish foreign\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish foreignism\nFrom foreign + -ism. First attested in 1779.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "foreignisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "foreignism (countable and uncountable, plural foreignisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "for",
        "eign",
        "ism"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "A tendency to favor what is foreign."
      ],
      "id": "en-foreignism-en-noun-4pvg2XKD",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) A tendency to favor what is foreign."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Rhetoric",
          "orig": "en:Rhetoric",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ido translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language."
      ],
      "id": "en-foreignism-en-noun--MkPTESL",
      "links": [
        [
          "rhetoric",
          "rhetoric"
        ],
        [
          "trait",
          "trait"
        ],
        [
          "custom",
          "custom"
        ],
        [
          "phrase",
          "phrase"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic"
        ],
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, rhetoric) A trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "alienism"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "rhetoric"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "lang_code": "eo",
          "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
          "word": "fremdismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "lang_code": "io",
          "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
          "word": "stranjerismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "pt",
          "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "estrangeirismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 98",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "extranjerismo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "foreignism"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰwer-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ism",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "anti-foreignism"
    },
    {
      "word": "hyperforeignism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "foreign",
        "4": "-ism<id:action nouns>",
        "etydate": "1779",
        "text": "*",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *dʰworéh₂\nProto-Italic *þworā\nProto-Italic *fworā\nProto-Italic *forā\nLatin *fora\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂der.\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns\nProto-Italic *-ans\nLatin -ās\nLatin forās\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr\nProto-Italic *θworeis < *θworis\nLatin forīs < foris\n▲\nLatin -ānus\nVulgar Latin *forānus\nOld French forainbor.\n▲\nMiddle English ferinflu.\nMiddle English foreyn\n▲\nEnglish reigninflu.?\nEnglish foreign\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish foreignism\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*fora\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*fworā\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*þworā\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*dʰworéh₂\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰwer-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*forā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"accusative plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂ns\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ans\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ās\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"forās\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ānos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"forīs &lt; foris\", \"id\" : \"outside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*θworeis &lt; *θworis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"door\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"door\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"door\", \"pos\" : \"root\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰwer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"lengthened amphikinetic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰwṓr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"foris\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ānos\", \"id\" : \"-ian\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ānus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*forānus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"forain\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"far\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"fer\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"foreyn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"reign\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foreign\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"action nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ισμός\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ism\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"foreignism\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"foreignism\">\nFrom foreign + -ism. First attested in 1779.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *dʰworéh₂\nProto-Italic *þworā\nProto-Italic *fworā\nProto-Italic *forā\nLatin *fora\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂der.\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂ns\nProto-Italic *-ans\nLatin -ās\nLatin forās\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Italic *-nos\nProto-Italic *-ānos\nLatin -ānus\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwer-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dʰwṓr\nProto-Italic *θworeis < *θworis\nLatin forīs < foris\n▲\nLatin -ānus\nVulgar Latin *forānus\nOld French forainbor.\n▲\nMiddle English ferinflu.\nMiddle English foreyn\n▲\nEnglish reigninflu.?\nEnglish foreign\nProto-Indo-European *-id-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-idyéti\nProto-Hellenic *-íďďō\nAncient Greek -ῐ́ζω (-ĭ́zō)\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nAncient Greek -μός (-mós)\nAncient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)der.\nEnglish -ism\nEnglish foreignism\nFrom foreign + -ism. First attested in 1779.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "foreignisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "foreignism (countable and uncountable, plural foreignisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "for",
        "eign",
        "ism"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tendency to favor what is foreign."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) A tendency to favor what is foreign."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Rhetoric"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rhetoric",
          "rhetoric"
        ],
        [
          "trait",
          "trait"
        ],
        [
          "custom",
          "custom"
        ],
        [
          "phrase",
          "phrase"
        ],
        [
          "characteristic",
          "characteristic"
        ],
        [
          "foreign",
          "foreign"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, rhetoric) A trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "alienism"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "rhetoric"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
      "word": "fremdismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "lang_code": "io",
      "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
      "word": "stranjerismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "estrangeirismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "a trait, custom, phrase, or characteristic typical of a foreign country or language",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "extranjerismo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "foreignism"
}

Download raw JSONL data for foreignism meaning in English (13.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.