See epinephrine in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"text": "At the ER, after deflating me with a cocktail of epinephrine, a steroid and an antihistamine, the doctors scolded me for not coming in more quickly: I could have died of asphyxiation.",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)\nProto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós\nProto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós\nAncient Greek νεφρός (nephrós)\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\nEnglish epinephrine\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₁éps\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ep-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁epi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*epí\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐπί\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐπῐ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*negʷʰrós\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*nekʷʰrós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"νεφρός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"chemistry\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives of materials\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īnus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-in\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ine\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"epinephrine\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"epinephrine\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ἐπι-",
"4": "",
"5": "upon"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ine",
"id1": "chemistry"
},
"expansion": "-ine",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁épsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epi\nProto-Hellenic *epí\nAncient Greek ἐπί (epí)\nAncient Greek ἐπῐ- (epĭ-)\nProto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós\nProto-Hellenic *nekʷʰrós\nAncient Greek νεφρός (nephrós)\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Italic *-īnos\nLatin -īnusder.\nOld French -inbor.\nMiddle English -in\nEnglish -ine\nEnglish epinephrine\nFrom Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”) + -ine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "epinephrines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "epinephrine (countable and uncountable, plural epinephrines)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense": "hormone",
"word": "catecholamine"
},
{
"sense": "neurotransmitter",
"word": "monoamine"
},
{
"sense": "neurotransmitter",
"word": "phenethylamine"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ep-",
"English terms suffixed with -ine (chemistry)",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Hormones",
"en:Medicine",
"en:Neurotransmitters",
"en:Organic compounds"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"ref": "2023 November 1, “‘We’re sedating women with self-care’: how we became obsessed with wellness”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "At the ER, after deflating me with a cocktail of epinephrine, a steroid and an antihistamine, the doctors scolded me for not coming in more quickly: I could have died of asphyxiation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
120,
131
]
],
"ref": "2024 August 9, Meg Tirrell, “First nasal spray epinephrine drug for emergency allergic reactions gets FDA approval”, in CNN:",
"text": "“Anyone who has experienced or witnessed an anaphylaxis reaction knows it can be very stressful deciding when to inject epinephrine to themselves or a child and often delay,” Dr. Jonathan Spergel, chief of the allergy program at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, said in a news release from ARS Pharmaceuticals.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter; as a hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); as a neurotransmitter, synthesized from norepinephrine. It is also used as a medication."
],
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"catecholamine",
"catecholamine"
],
[
"hormone",
"hormone"
],
[
"neurotransmitter",
"neurotransmitter"
],
[
"adrenal",
"adrenal"
],
[
"gland",
"gland"
],
[
"response",
"response"
],
[
"stress",
"stress"
],
[
"autonomic",
"autonomic"
],
[
"nervous",
"nervous"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"norepinephrine",
"norepinephrine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry, organic chemistry, medicine) A catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter; as a hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); as a neurotransmitter, synthesized from norepinephrine. It is also used as a medication."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "adrenaline"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"medicine",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛp.ɪˈnɛ.fɹɪn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Qwertygiy-epinephrine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-epinephrine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-epinephrine.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-epinephrine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Qwertygiy-epinephrine.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-epinephrine.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-epinephrine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-epinephrine.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-epinephrine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-epinephrine.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "4"
},
{
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "5-β-trihydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epinefrina"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "shènshàngxiànsù",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "腎上腺素 /肾上腺素"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "adrenalino"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "epinefriini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épinéphrine"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Epinephrin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "epinefríni",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "επινεφρίνη"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "epinefrin"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "adrenalino"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "epinefrin"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epinefrina"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "epinefurin",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "エピネフリン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "epinepeurin",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "에피네프린"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epinefryna"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epinefrina"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "epinefrín",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "эпинефри́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "adrenalín",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "адренали́н"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epinefrina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "adrenalin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "adrenalin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"word": "epinefrin"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "epinefrýn",
"sense": "hormone and neurotransmitter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "епінефри́н"
}
],
"word": "epinephrine"
}
Download raw JSONL data for epinephrine meaning in English (13.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.