See engulf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "engulfable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "engulfer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "engulfment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unengulfed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "en-",
"4": "gulf",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nEnglish gulf\nEnglish engulf\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"into\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"en-\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"en-\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"en-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"gulf\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"engulf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"engulf\">\nFrom en- + gulf.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nEnglish gulf\nEnglish engulf\nFrom en- + gulf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "engulfs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "engulfing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "engulfed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "engulfed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "engulf (third-person singular simple present engulfs, present participle engulfing, simple past and past participle engulfed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 36 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"text": "Depression engulfed her after her daughter's death.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
146,
155
]
],
"ref": "2013 June 18, Simon Romero, “Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders”, in New York Times, retrieved 21 Jun 2013:",
"text": "Shaken by the biggest challenge to their authority in years, Brazil’s leaders made conciliatory gestures on Tuesday to try to defuse the protests engulfing the nation’s cities.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
148,
154
]
],
"ref": "1934, The Modern Monthly, volume 8, page 308:",
"text": "The blank spaces of Mallarmé, the silence of Maesterlinck, the inaniloquous repetitive babblings of Gertrude Stein are the abyss which threatens to engulf creative effort if it continues in this direction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overwhelm."
],
"id": "en-engulf-en-verb-v0-odYeH",
"links": [
[
"overwhelm",
"overwhelm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To overwhelm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hamakel",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "համակել"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obhvaštam",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "обхващам"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tūnmò",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "吞沒 /吞没"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "overweldigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "vallata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "submerger"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "überwältigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "sopraffare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "travolgere"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "romi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "roromi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engolir"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engolfar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oxvátyvatʹ",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "охва́тывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "envolver"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "sepultar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "tragar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engullir"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "sumirse en"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engolfar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 43 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 41 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 41 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 44 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 36 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 41 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with en-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
57
]
],
"text": "Only Noah and his family survived when the Flood engulfed the world.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To surround; to cover; to submerge."
],
"id": "en-engulf-en-verb-Wm-Pkm9q",
"links": [
[
"surround",
"surround"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To surround; to cover; to submerge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swallow"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "klanel",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "կլանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kul tal",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "կուլ տալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poglăštam",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "поглъщам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yānmò",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "淹沒 /淹没"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "bedekken"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "omringen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "engluti"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "peittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "nielaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "engloutir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "engouffrer"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "verschlingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "sommergere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "circondare"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"roman": "avaš",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "аваш"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "cobrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pogloščátʹ",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "поглоща́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"note": "with loose material or figurative",
"roman": "zasypátʹ",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "засыпа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "ru",
"english": "water",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "zalivátʹ",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"translation": "water",
"word": "залива́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "sumergir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "cubrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bpòk-klum",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "ปกคลุม"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "tûuam",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "ท่วม"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 95 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "kaplamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 36 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 33 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 31 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast into a gulf."
],
"id": "en-engulf-en-verb-6jNuRB~Z",
"links": [
[
"cast",
"cast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cast into a gulf."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋˈɡʌlf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-engulf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlf"
}
],
"word": "engulf"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁én",
"English terms prefixed with en-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlf/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "engulfable"
},
{
"word": "engulfer"
},
{
"word": "engulfment"
},
{
"word": "unengulfed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "en-",
"4": "gulf",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nEnglish gulf\nEnglish engulf\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"into\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"in\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁én\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*en-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"in-\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"en-\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"en-\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"en-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"gulf\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"engulf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"engulf\">\nFrom en- + gulf.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁én\nProto-Italic *en\nProto-Italic *en-\nLatin in-\nOld French en-bor.\nMiddle English en-\nEnglish en-\nEnglish gulf\nEnglish engulf\nFrom en- + gulf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "engulfs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "engulfing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "engulfed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "engulfed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "engulf (third-person singular simple present engulfs, present participle engulfing, simple past and past participle engulfed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"text": "Depression engulfed her after her daughter's death.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
146,
155
]
],
"ref": "2013 June 18, Simon Romero, “Protests Widen as Brazilians Chide Leaders”, in New York Times, retrieved 21 Jun 2013:",
"text": "Shaken by the biggest challenge to their authority in years, Brazil’s leaders made conciliatory gestures on Tuesday to try to defuse the protests engulfing the nation’s cities.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
148,
154
]
],
"ref": "1934, The Modern Monthly, volume 8, page 308:",
"text": "The blank spaces of Mallarmé, the silence of Maesterlinck, the inaniloquous repetitive babblings of Gertrude Stein are the abyss which threatens to engulf creative effort if it continues in this direction.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To overwhelm."
],
"links": [
[
"overwhelm",
"overwhelm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To overwhelm."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
57
]
],
"text": "Only Noah and his family survived when the Flood engulfed the world.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To surround; to cover; to submerge."
],
"links": [
[
"surround",
"surround"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"submerge",
"submerge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To surround; to cover; to submerge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swallow"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cast into a gulf."
],
"links": [
[
"cast",
"cast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cast into a gulf."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋˈɡʌlf/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-engulf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-engulf.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlf"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "hamakel",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "համակել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obhvaštam",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "обхващам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tūnmò",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "吞沒 /吞没"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "overweldigen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "vallata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "submerger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "überwältigen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "sopraffare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "travolgere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "romi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "roromi"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engolir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engolfar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oxvátyvatʹ",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "охва́тывать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "envolver"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "sepultar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "tragar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engullir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "sumirse en"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "overwhelm",
"word": "engolfar"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "klanel",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "կլանել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kul tal",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "կուլ տալ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poglăštam",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "поглъщам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "yānmò",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "淹沒 /淹没"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "bedekken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "omringen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "engluti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "peittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "nielaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "engloutir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "engouffrer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "verschlingen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "sommergere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "circondare"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"roman": "avaš",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "аваш"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "cobrir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pogloščátʹ",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "поглоща́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"note": "with loose material or figurative",
"roman": "zasypátʹ",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "засыпа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "water",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "zalivátʹ",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"translation": "water",
"word": "залива́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "sumergir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "cubrir"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bpòk-klum",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "ปกคลุม"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "tûuam",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "ท่วม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "surround; cover",
"word": "kaplamak"
}
],
"word": "engulf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for engulf meaning in English (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.