"empiricism" meaning in English

See empiricism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: empiricisms [plural]
Etymology: empiric + -ism Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|empiric|ism}} empiric + -ism Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} empiricism (countable and uncountable, plural empiricisms)
  1. (medicine, now chiefly historical) Medicine as practised by an empiric, founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; folk medicine, quackery. Tags: countable, historical, uncountable Categories (topical): Medicine, Epistemology Synonyms (medical practice founded on experience): charlatanry, quackery
    Sense id: en-empiricism-en-noun-EYx9M7dk Disambiguation of Epistemology: 11 36 14 39 Topics: medicine, sciences Disambiguation of 'medical practice founded on experience': 40 23 25 11
  2. (philosophy) A doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.) Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Philosophy, Epistemology Translations (philosophical theory): емпиризъм (empirizǎm) [masculine] (Bulgarian), empirisme [masculine] (Catalan), 經驗主義 (Chinese Mandarin), 经验主义 (jīngyànzhǔyì) (Chinese Mandarin), 經驗論 (Chinese Mandarin), 经验论 (jīngyànlùn) (Chinese Mandarin), empirismus [masculine] (Czech), empirismi (Finnish), empirisme [masculine] (French), Empirismus [masculine] (German), εμπειρισμός (empeirismós) [masculine] (Greek), εμπειριοκρατία (empeiriokratía) [feminine] (Greek), अनुभववाद (anubhavvād) (Hindi), इंद्रियानुभववाद (indriyānubhavvād) (Hindi), reynsluhyggja (Icelandic), raunhyggja (Icelandic), 経験論 (keikenron) (alt: けいけんろん) (Japanese), 経験主義 (keikenshugi) (alt: けいけんしゅぎ) (Japanese), эмпиризм (émpirizm) (Kazakh), 경험론 (gyeongheomnon) (alt: 經驗論) (Korean), empiryzm [masculine] (Polish), aposterioryzm [masculine] (Polish), empirismo [masculine] (Portuguese), empirism (Romanian), эмпиризм (empirizm) [masculine] (Russian), empirism [common-gender] (Swedish), பட்டறிவியம் (paṭṭaṟiviyam) (Tamil), ประสบการณ์นิยม (Thai), емпіризм (empiryzm) [masculine] (Ukrainian), chủ nghĩa kinh nghiệm (alt: 主義經驗) (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-empiricism-en-noun-SuMyCKgo Disambiguation of Epistemology: 11 36 14 39 Topics: human-sciences, philosophy, sciences Disambiguation of 'philosophical theory': 4 52 3 42
  3. A pursuit of knowledge purely through experience, especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Epistemology Translations (pursuit of knowledge purely through experience): Empirie [feminine] (German), Empirismus [masculine] (German), empiria [feminine] (Polish)
    Sense id: en-empiricism-en-noun-0doBSQjA Disambiguation of Epistemology: 11 36 14 39 Disambiguation of 'pursuit of knowledge purely through experience': 17 18 60 5
  4. (social sciences, political science, sociology) used to describe research based on methodology shaped from empirical philosophy (see above), e.g. surveys, statistics, etc. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Political science, Social sciences, Sociology, Epistemology
    Sense id: en-empiricism-en-noun-cY1HGh6m Disambiguation of Epistemology: 11 36 14 39 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ism Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 6 27 29 38 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 10 25 23 42 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 9 25 25 41 Topics: human-sciences, political-science, sciences, social-science, social-sciences, sociology
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: abstracted empiricism, radical empiricism Related terms: empirical, empiricist, rationalism Translations (practice of medicine founded on experience only): ἐμπειρῐκή (empeirikḗ) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), empīricē [feminine] (Latin)
Disambiguation of 'practice of medicine founded on experience only': 35 35 19 10

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for empiricism meaning in English (13.4kB)

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          "ref": "1990, Alison Klairmont Lingo, \"Review of Professional and Popular Medicine in France, 1770-1830 by Matthew Ramsey,\" Journal of Social History, vol. 23, no. 3 (Spring), p. 607",
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          "alt": "主義經驗",
          "code": "vi",
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          "ref": "1885, Gerard F. Cobb, \"Musical Psychics,\" Proceedings of the Musical Association, 11th Session, p. 119",
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          "ref": "1951, Albert Einstein, letter to Maurice Solovine (Jan. 1), in Letters to Solovine",
          "text": "I have found no better expression than \"religious\" for confidence in the rational nature of reality.... Whenever this feeling is absent, science degenerates into uninspired empiricism."
        },
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          "ref": "2001 Sep, Mark Zimmermann, “The Stillness of Painting: Robert Kingston and His Contemporaries”, in PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art, volume 23, number 3, page 71",
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      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "empeirikḗ",
      "sense": "practice of medicine founded on experience only",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ἐμπειρῐκή"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "35 35 19 10",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "practice of medicine founded on experience only",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "empīricē"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "empiricism"
  ],
  "word": "empiricism"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ism",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "en:Epistemology"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "abstracted empiricism"
    },
    {
      "word": "radical empiricism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "empiric",
        "3": "ism"
      },
      "expansion": "empiric + -ism",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "empiric + -ism",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "empiricisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "empiricism (countable and uncountable, plural empiricisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "empirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "empiricist"
    },
    {
      "word": "rationalism"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Medicine"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1796, Mary Wollstonecraft, Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, Oxford, published 2009, page 105",
          "text": "Empiricism is not peculiar to Denmark; and I know of no way of rooting it out, though it be a remnant of exploded witchcraft, till the acquiring a general knowledge of the component parts of the human frame, become a part of public education.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1990, Alison Klairmont Lingo, \"Review of Professional and Popular Medicine in France, 1770-1830 by Matthew Ramsey,\" Journal of Social History, vol. 23, no. 3 (Spring), p. 607",
          "text": "Even at the height of its popularity, medical empiricism was the creature of a most unforgiving free market economy. Successful practitioners seduced crowds as well as public officials."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Medicine as practised by an empiric, founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; folk medicine, quackery."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "empiric",
          "empiric"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "science",
          "science"
        ],
        [
          "principle",
          "principle"
        ],
        [
          "quackery",
          "quackery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine, now chiefly historical) Medicine as practised by an empiric, founded on mere experience, without the aid of science or a knowledge of principles; folk medicine, quackery."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "historical",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Philosophy"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1893 Sep, James Seth, “The Truth of Empiricism.”, in The Philosophical Review, volume 2, number 5, page 552",
          "text": "Empiricism teaches us that we are unceasingly and intimately in contact with a full, living, breathing Reality, that experience is a constant communion with the real.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1950 Dec, Virgil Hinshaw, Jr., “Review of Socratic Method and Critical Philosophy, Selected Essays by Leonard Nelson”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, volume 11, number 2, page 285",
          "text": "He agrees with Kant that Hume's empiricism is refuted de facto by the example of mathematics, whose judgments are synthetic a priori.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1958 Apr, Ernest A. Moody, “Empiricism and Metaphysics in Medieval Philosophy”, in The Philosophical Review, volume 67, number 2, page 151",
          "text": "Empiricism is the doctrine that human knowledge is grounded on the kind of experience, mostly achieved through the five senses, whose objects are particular events occurring at particular times and in particular places.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "doctrine",
          "doctrine"
        ],
        [
          "only",
          "only"
        ],
        [
          "reliable",
          "reliable"
        ],
        [
          "perception",
          "perception"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "sense",
          "sense"
        ],
        [
          "rationalism",
          "rationalism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy) A doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1885, Gerard F. Cobb, \"Musical Psychics,\" Proceedings of the Musical Association, 11th Session, p. 119",
          "text": "Our whole life in some of its highest and most important aspects is simply empiricism. Empiricism is only another word for experience."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1951, Albert Einstein, letter to Maurice Solovine (Jan. 1), in Letters to Solovine",
          "text": "I have found no better expression than \"religious\" for confidence in the rational nature of reality.... Whenever this feeling is absent, science degenerates into uninspired empiricism."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001 Sep, Mark Zimmermann, “The Stillness of Painting: Robert Kingston and His Contemporaries”, in PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art, volume 23, number 3, page 71",
          "text": "Painting needs no explanation or apology. This most religious of art forms belies the pathetic empiricisms of contemporary discussions.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A pursuit of knowledge purely through experience, especially by means of observation and sometimes by experimentation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "knowledge",
          "knowledge"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "observation",
          "observation"
        ],
        [
          "experimentation",
          "experimentation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Political science",
        "en:Social sciences",
        "en:Sociology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to describe research based on methodology shaped from empirical philosophy (see above), e.g. surveys, statistics, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "social science",
          "social science"
        ],
        [
          "political science",
          "political science"
        ],
        [
          "sociology",
          "sociology"
        ],
        [
          "surveys",
          "surveys"
        ],
        [
          "statistics",
          "statistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(social sciences, political science, sociology) used to describe research based on methodology shaped from empirical philosophy (see above), e.g. surveys, statistics, etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "political-science",
        "sciences",
        "social-science",
        "social-sciences",
        "sociology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "medical practice founded on experience",
      "word": "charlatanry"
    },
    {
      "sense": "medical practice founded on experience",
      "word": "quackery"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pursuit of knowledge purely through experience",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Empirie"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pursuit of knowledge purely through experience",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Empirismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "pursuit of knowledge purely through experience",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "empiria"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "empirizǎm",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "емпиризъм"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "empirisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "經驗主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jīngyànzhǔyì",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "经验主义"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "經驗論"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jīngyànlùn",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "经验论"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "empirismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "empirismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "empirisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Empirismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "empeirismós",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "εμπειρισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "empeiriokratía",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "εμπειριοκρατία"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "anubhavvād",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "अनुभववाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "indriyānubhavvād",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "इंद्रियानुभववाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "reynsluhyggja"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "raunhyggja"
    },
    {
      "alt": "けいけんろん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "keikenron",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "経験論"
    },
    {
      "alt": "けいけんしゅぎ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "keikenshugi",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "経験主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "émpirizm",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "эмпиризм"
    },
    {
      "alt": "經驗論",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gyeongheomnon",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "경험론"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "empiryzm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aposterioryzm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "empirismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "empirism"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "empirizm",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "эмпиризм"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "empirism"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "paṭṭaṟiviyam",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "பட்டறிவியம்"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "ประสบการณ์นิยม"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "empiryzm",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "емпіризм"
    },
    {
      "alt": "主義經驗",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "philosophical theory",
      "word": "chủ nghĩa kinh nghiệm"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "empeirikḗ",
      "sense": "practice of medicine founded on experience only",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ἐμπειρῐκή"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "practice of medicine founded on experience only",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "empīricē"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "empiricism"
  ],
  "word": "empiricism"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.