"empirical" meaning in English

See empirical in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/ Audio: en-us-empirical.ogg Forms: more empirical [comparative], most empirical [superlative]
Etymology: From empiric + -al. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-|id=risk}}, {{suffix|en|empiric|al}} empiric + -al Head templates: {{en-adj}} empirical (comparative more empirical, superlative most empirical)
  1. Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation). Translations (pertaining to or based on experience): تَجْرِيبِيّ (tajrībiyy) (Arabic), эмпіры́чны (empirýčny) (Belarusian), опитен (opiten) (Bulgarian), емпиричен (empiričen) (Bulgarian), empíric (Catalan), 經驗 (Chinese Mandarin), 经验 (jīngyàn) (Chinese Mandarin), empirisk (Danish), kokemusperäinen (Finnish), empiirinen (Finnish), empirique (French), empírico (Galician), empirisch (German), erfahrungsgemäß (German), εμπειρικός (empeirikós) (Greek), अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya) (Hindi), तजरबी (tajarbī) (Hindi), तजुर्बी (tajurbī) (Hindi), आनुभविक (ānubhvik) (Hindi), tapasztalati (Hungarian), empiris (Indonesian), empirico (Italian), ايمڤيريکل (empirikal) (Malay), تجربی (tajrobi) (Persian), آروینی (ârvini) (Persian), aposterioryczny (Polish), empiryczny (Polish), empírico (Portuguese), empiric (Romanian), эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij) (Russian), empìrījskī (Serbo-Croatian), iskùstven (Serbo-Croatian), empírico (Spanish), empirisk (Swedish), masirin (Tagalog), емпіри́чний (empirýčnyj) (Ukrainian), تجربی (tajrabi) (Urdu), kinh nghiệm (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-empirical-en-adj-b4j6hFG5 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Urdu translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 62 26 12 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al: 63 23 14 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 68 20 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 75 15 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 73 22 6 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 55 19 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 62 21 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 57 22 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 70 18 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 67 19 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 63 22 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 57 24 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 53 20 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 54 25 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 68 20 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 53 31 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 61 22 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 63 20 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 68 20 12 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 61 21 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 70 17 13 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 62 21 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 61 22 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Urdu translations: 63 22 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 61 21 18 Disambiguation of 'pertaining to or based on experience': 94 3 3
  2. Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses. Translations (pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations): تَجْرِيبِيّ (tajrībiyy) (Arabic), эмпіры́чны (empirýčny) (Belarusian), емпиричен (empiričen) (Bulgarian), kokeellinen (Finnish), empiirinen (Finnish), empirisch (German), εμπειρικός (empeirikós) (Greek), अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya) (Hindi), तजरबी (tajarbī) (Hindi), तजुर्बी (tajurbī) (Hindi), आनुभविक (ānubhvik) (Hindi), эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij) (Russian), empìrījskī (Serbo-Croatian), iskùstven (Serbo-Croatian), empírico (Spanish), empirisk (Swedish), masirin (Tagalog), емпіри́чний (empirýčnyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-empirical-en-adj-SNzFP91I Disambiguation of 'pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations': 13 82 5
  3. (philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation. Translations (verifiable by means of scientific experimentation): емпиричен (empiričen) (Bulgarian), 實證 (Chinese Mandarin), 实证 (shízhèng) (Chinese Mandarin), empirický (Czech), kokeellinen (Finnish), empiirinen (Finnish), empirisch (German), अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya) (Hindi), आनुभविक (ānubhvik) (Hindi), 실증적인 (siljeungjeogin) (Korean), эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij) (Russian), empìrījskī (Serbo-Croatian), iskùstven (Serbo-Croatian), empírico (Spanish), empirisk (Swedish), masirin (Tagalog), thực chứng (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-empirical-en-adj-EulL5r~K Topics: human-sciences, philosophy, sciences Disambiguation of 'verifiable by means of scientific experimentation': 2 1 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: empiric Related terms: empiricism, empiricist, empirical evidence, anecdotal evidence, trial and error, empyrical Coordinate_terms: conceptual, theoretical, anecdotal

Alternative forms

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      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The lengths were calculated according to the empirical rules of the trade.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "For some presumptive diagnoses, empirical antibiotic therapy begins immediately, whereas specific antibiotic therapy must await the results of the culture and sensitivity test.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1861, Herbert Spencer, Education:",
          "text": "The village carpenter […] lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation)."
      ],
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "tajrībiyy",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "empirýčny",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "эмпіры́чны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "opiten",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "опитен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "empiričen",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "емпиричен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empíric"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "經驗"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jīngyàn",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "经验"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "kokemusperäinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiirinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirique"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "erfahrungsgemäß"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "empeirikós",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "εμπειρικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "anubhavjanya",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajarbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "तजरबी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajurbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "तजुर्बी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ānubhvik",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "आनुभविक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "tapasztalati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiris"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "roman": "empirikal",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "ايمڤيريکل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "tajrobi",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "تجربی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "ârvini",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "آروینی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "aposterioryczny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiryczny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiric"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "empiríčeskij",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "эмпири́ческий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empìrījskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "iskùstven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "masirin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "empirýčnyj",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "емпіри́чний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "tajrabi",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "تجربی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 3 3",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "kinh nghiệm"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses."
      ],
      "id": "en-empirical-en-adj-SNzFP91I",
      "links": [
        [
          "derive",
          "derive"
        ],
        [
          "testable",
          "testable"
        ],
        [
          "observation",
          "observation"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "senses",
          "senses"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "tajrībiyy",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "empirýčny",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "эмпіры́чны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "empiričen",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "емпиричен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "kokeellinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empiirinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empirisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "empeirikós",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "εμπειρικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "anubhavjanya",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajarbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "तजरबी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajurbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "तजुर्बी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ānubhvik",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "आनुभविक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "empiríčeskij",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "эмпири́ческий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empìrījskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "iskùstven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "masirin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 82 5",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "empirýčnyj",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "емпіри́чний"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "anecdotal"
        },
        {
          "word": "theoretical"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "demonstrable with empirical evidence",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "id": "en-empirical-en-adj-EulL5r~K",
      "links": [
        [
          "Verifiable",
          "verifiable"
        ],
        [
          "scientific",
          "scientific"
        ],
        [
          "experimentation",
          "experimentation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of science"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "empiričen",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "емпиричен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "實證"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shízhèng",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "实证"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empirický"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "kokeellinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empiirinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empirisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "anubhavjanya",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ānubhvik",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "आनुभविक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "siljeungjeogin",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "실증적인"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "empiríčeskij",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "эмпири́ческий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empìrījskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "iskùstven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "masirin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 97",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "thực chứng"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-empirical.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg/En-us-empirical.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "empiric"
    }
  ],
  "word": "empirical"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "nonempirical"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (risk)",
    "English terms suffixed with -al",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Urdu translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "conceptual"
    },
    {
      "word": "theoretical"
    },
    {
      "word": "anecdotal"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "antiempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical data"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical ego"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical formula"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirically"
    },
    {
      "word": "empiricalness"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical research"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical rule"
    },
    {
      "word": "equiempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "non-empirical ego"
    },
    {
      "word": "psychoempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "semiempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "superempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "unempirical"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "risk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "empiric",
        "3": "al"
      },
      "expansion": "empiric + -al",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From empiric + -al.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more empirical",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most empirical",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "empirical (comparative more empirical, superlative most empirical)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "em‧pi‧ri‧cal"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "empiricism"
    },
    {
      "word": "empiricist"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical evidence"
    },
    {
      "word": "anecdotal evidence"
    },
    {
      "word": "trial and error"
    },
    {
      "word": "empyrical"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "theoretical"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The lengths were calculated according to the empirical rules of the trade.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "For some presumptive diagnoses, empirical antibiotic therapy begins immediately, whereas specific antibiotic therapy must await the results of the culture and sensitivity test.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1861, Herbert Spencer, Education:",
          "text": "The village carpenter […] lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "theoretical explanation",
          "theory"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derive",
          "derive"
        ],
        [
          "testable",
          "testable"
        ],
        [
          "observation",
          "observation"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "senses",
          "senses"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "anecdotal"
        },
        {
          "word": "theoretical"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "demonstrable with empirical evidence",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Verifiable",
          "verifiable"
        ],
        [
          "scientific",
          "scientific"
        ],
        [
          "experimentation",
          "experimentation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of science"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-empirical.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg/En-us-empirical.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "empiric"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "tajrībiyy",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "empirýčny",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "эмпіры́чны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "opiten",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "опитен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "empiričen",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "емпиричен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empíric"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "經驗"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jīngyàn",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "经验"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "kokemusperäinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiirinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirique"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "erfahrungsgemäß"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "empeirikós",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "εμπειρικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "anubhavjanya",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajarbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "तजरबी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajurbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "तजुर्बी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ānubhvik",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "आनुभविक"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "tapasztalati"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiris"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirico"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "roman": "empirikal",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "ايمڤيريکل"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "tajrobi",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "تجربی"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "ârvini",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "آروینی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "aposterioryczny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiryczny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiric"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "empiríčeskij",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "эмпири́ческий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empìrījskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "iskùstven"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "masirin"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "empirýčnyj",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "емпіри́чний"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "tajrabi",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "تجربی"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "kinh nghiệm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "tajrībiyy",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "empirýčny",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "эмпіры́чны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "empiričen",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "емпиричен"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "kokeellinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empiirinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empirisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "empeirikós",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "εμπειρικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "anubhavjanya",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajarbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "तजरबी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajurbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "तजुर्बी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ānubhvik",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "आनुभविक"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "empiríčeskij",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "эмпири́ческий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empìrījskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "iskùstven"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "masirin"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "empirýčnyj",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "емпіри́чний"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "empiričen",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "емпиричен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "實證"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shízhèng",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "实证"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empirický"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "kokeellinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empiirinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empirisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "anubhavjanya",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ānubhvik",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "आनुभविक"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "siljeungjeogin",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "실증적인"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "empiríčeskij",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "эмпири́ческий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empìrījskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "iskùstven"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "masirin"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "thực chứng"
    }
  ],
  "word": "empirical"
}

Download raw JSONL data for empirical meaning in English (14.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.