"empirical" meaning in All languages combined

See empirical on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/ Audio: en-us-empirical.ogg [US] Forms: more empirical [comparative], most empirical [superlative]
Etymology: From empiric + -al. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-|id=risk}}, {{suffix|en|empiric|al}} empiric + -al Head templates: {{en-adj}} empirical (comparative more empirical, superlative most empirical)
  1. Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation). Translations (pertaining to or based on experience): تَجْرِيبِيّ (tajrībiyy) (Arabic), эмпіры́чны (empirýčny) (Belarusian), опитен (opiten) (Bulgarian), емпиричен (empiričen) (Bulgarian), empíric (Catalan), 經驗 (Chinese Mandarin), 经验 (jīngyàn) (Chinese Mandarin), empirisk (Danish), kokemusperäinen (Finnish), empiirinen (Finnish), empirique (French), empírico (Galician), empirisch (German), erfahrungsgemäß (German), εμπειρικός (empeirikós) (Greek), अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya) (Hindi), तजरबी (tajarbī) (Hindi), तजुर्बी (tajurbī) (Hindi), आनुभविक (ānubhvik) (Hindi), tapasztalati (Hungarian), empiris (Indonesian), empirico (Italian), ايمڤيريکل (empirikal) (Malay), تجربی (tajrobi) (Persian), آروینی (ârvini) (Persian), aposterioryczny (Polish), empiryczny (Polish), empírico (Portuguese), empiric (Romanian), эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij) (Russian), empìrījskī (Serbo-Croatian), iskùstven (Serbo-Croatian), empírico (Spanish), empirisk (Swedish), masirin (Tagalog), емпіри́чний (empirýčnyj) (Ukrainian), تجربی (tajrabi) (Urdu), kinh nghiệm (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-empirical-en-adj-b4j6hFG5 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 40 15 45 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al: 38 23 40 Disambiguation of 'pertaining to or based on experience': 83 4 12
  2. Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses. Translations (pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations): تَجْرِيبِيّ (tajrībiyy) (Arabic), эмпіры́чны (empirýčny) (Belarusian), емпиричен (empiričen) (Bulgarian), kokeellinen (Finnish), empiirinen (Finnish), empirisch (German), εμπειρικός (empeirikós) (Greek), अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya) (Hindi), तजरबी (tajarbī) (Hindi), तजुर्बी (tajurbī) (Hindi), आनुभविक (ānubhvik) (Hindi), эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij) (Russian), empìrījskī (Serbo-Croatian), iskùstven (Serbo-Croatian), empírico (Spanish), empirisk (Swedish), masirin (Tagalog), емпіри́чний (empirýčnyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-empirical-en-adj-SNzFP91I Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 40 15 45 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al: 38 23 40 Disambiguation of 'pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations': 11 76 13
  3. (philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation. Translations (verifiable by means of scientific experimentation): емпиричен (empiričen) (Bulgarian), 實證 (Chinese Mandarin), 实证 (shízhèng) (Chinese Mandarin), empirický (Czech), kokeellinen (Finnish), empiirinen (Finnish), empirisch (German), अनुभवजन्य (anubhavjanya) (Hindi), आनुभविक (ānubhvik) (Hindi), 실증적인 (siljeungjeogin) (Korean), эмпири́ческий (empiríčeskij) (Russian), empìrījskī (Serbo-Croatian), iskùstven (Serbo-Croatian), empírico (Spanish), empirisk (Swedish), masirin (Tagalog), thực chứng (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-empirical-en-adj-EulL5r~K Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 40 15 45 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al: 38 23 40 Topics: human-sciences, philosophy, sciences Disambiguation of 'verifiable by means of scientific experimentation': 5 2 93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: empiric Related terms: empiricism, empiricist, empirical evidence, anecdotal evidence, trial and error, empyrical Coordinate_terms: conceptual, theoretical, anecdotal

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for empirical meaning in All languages combined (15.4kB)

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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "psychoempirical"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "semiempirical"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "superempirical"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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        "id": "risk"
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "empiric + -al",
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "From empiric + -al.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more empirical",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
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    },
    {
      "form": "most empirical",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
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  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "empirical (comparative more empirical, superlative most empirical)",
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  "hyphenation": [
    "em‧pi‧ri‧cal"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "empiricism"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "empiricist"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "empirical evidence"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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  "senses": [
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      "antonyms": [
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      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 15 45",
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          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The lengths were calculated according to the empirical rules of the trade.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "For some presumptive diagnoses, empirical antibiotic therapy begins immediately, whereas specific antibiotic therapy must await the results of the culture and sensitivity test.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1861, Herbert Spencer, Education",
          "text": "The village carpenter […] lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation)."
      ],
      "id": "en-empirical-en-adj-b4j6hFG5",
      "links": [
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          "experience",
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        ],
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "tajrībiyy",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "empirýčny",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "эмпіры́чны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "opiten",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "опитен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "empiričen",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "емпиричен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empíric"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "經驗"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jīngyàn",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "经验"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "kokemusperäinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiirinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirique"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "erfahrungsgemäß"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "empeirikós",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "εμπειρικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "anubhavjanya",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajarbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "तजरबी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajurbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "तजुर्बी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ānubhvik",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "आनुभविक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "tapasztalati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiris"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "roman": "empirikal",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "ايمڤيريکل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "tajrobi",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "تجربی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "ârvini",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "آروینی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "aposterioryczny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiryczny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empiric"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "empiríčeskij",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "эмпири́ческий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empìrījskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "iskùstven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "masirin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "empirýčnyj",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "емпіри́чний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "tajrabi",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "تجربی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 4 12",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
          "word": "kinh nghiệm"
        }
      ]
    },
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses."
      ],
      "id": "en-empirical-en-adj-SNzFP91I",
      "links": [
        [
          "derive",
          "derive"
        ],
        [
          "testable",
          "testable"
        ],
        [
          "observation",
          "observation"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "senses",
          "senses"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "tajrībiyy",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "empirýčny",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "эмпіры́чны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "empiričen",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "емпиричен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "kokeellinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empiirinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empirisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "empeirikós",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "εμπειρικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "anubhavjanya",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajarbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "तजरबी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "tajurbī",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "तजुर्बी"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ānubhvik",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "आनुभविक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "empiríčeskij",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "эмпири́ческий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empìrījskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "iskùstven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "masirin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 76 13",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "empirýčnyj",
          "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
          "word": "емпіри́чний"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "anecdotal"
        },
        {
          "word": "theoretical"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 15 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 23 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "demonstrable with empirical evidence",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "id": "en-empirical-en-adj-EulL5r~K",
      "links": [
        [
          "Verifiable",
          "verifiable"
        ],
        [
          "scientific",
          "scientific"
        ],
        [
          "experimentation",
          "experimentation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of science"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "empiričen",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "емпиричен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "實證"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shízhèng",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "实证"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empirický"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "kokeellinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empiirinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empirisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "anubhavjanya",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ānubhvik",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "आनुभविक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "siljeungjeogin",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "실증적인"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "empiríčeskij",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "эмпири́ческий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empìrījskī"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "iskùstven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empírico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "empirisk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "masirin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 2 93",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
          "word": "thực chứng"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-empirical.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg/En-us-empirical.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "empiric"
    }
  ],
  "word": "empirical"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "nonempirical"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (risk)",
    "English terms suffixed with -al",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations"
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "word": "conceptual"
    },
    {
      "word": "theoretical"
    },
    {
      "word": "anecdotal"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "antiempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical data"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical ego"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical formula"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirically"
    },
    {
      "word": "empiricalness"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical research"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical rule"
    },
    {
      "word": "equiempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "non-empirical ego"
    },
    {
      "word": "psychoempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "semiempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "superempirical"
    },
    {
      "word": "unempirical"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-",
        "id": "risk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "empiric",
        "3": "al"
      },
      "expansion": "empiric + -al",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From empiric + -al.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more empirical",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most empirical",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "empirical (comparative more empirical, superlative most empirical)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "em‧pi‧ri‧cal"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "empiricism"
    },
    {
      "word": "empiricist"
    },
    {
      "word": "empirical evidence"
    },
    {
      "word": "anecdotal evidence"
    },
    {
      "word": "trial and error"
    },
    {
      "word": "empyrical"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "theoretical"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The lengths were calculated according to the empirical rules of the trade.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "For some presumptive diagnoses, empirical antibiotic therapy begins immediately, whereas specific antibiotic therapy must await the results of the culture and sensitivity test.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1861, Herbert Spencer, Education",
          "text": "The village carpenter […] lays out his work by empirical rules learnt in his apprenticeship.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "theoretical explanation",
          "theory"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations made using the physical senses or using instruments which extend the senses."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derive",
          "derive"
        ],
        [
          "testable",
          "testable"
        ],
        [
          "observation",
          "observation"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical"
        ],
        [
          "senses",
          "senses"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "anecdotal"
        },
        {
          "word": "theoretical"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "demonstrable with empirical evidence",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Verifiable",
          "verifiable"
        ],
        [
          "scientific",
          "scientific"
        ],
        [
          "experimentation",
          "experimentation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(philosophy of science) Verifiable by means of scientific experimentation."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of science"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-empirical.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg/En-us-empirical.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/En-us-empirical.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "empiric"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "tajrībiyy",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "empirýčny",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "эмпіры́чны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "opiten",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "опитен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "empiričen",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "емпиричен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empíric"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "經驗"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jīngyàn",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "经验"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "kokemusperäinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiirinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirique"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "erfahrungsgemäß"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "empeirikós",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "εμπειρικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "anubhavjanya",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajarbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "तजरबी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajurbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "तजुर्बी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ānubhvik",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "आनुभविक"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "tapasztalati"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiris"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirico"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "roman": "empirikal",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "ايمڤيريکل"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "tajrobi",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "تجربی"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "ârvini",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "آروینی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "aposterioryczny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiryczny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empiric"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "empiríčeskij",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "эмпири́ческий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empìrījskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "iskùstven"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "masirin"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "empirýčnyj",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "емпіри́чний"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "tajrabi",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "تجربی"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "pertaining to or based on experience",
      "word": "kinh nghiệm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "tajrībiyy",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "تَجْرِيبِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "empirýčny",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "эмпіры́чны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "empiričen",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "емпиричен"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "kokeellinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empiirinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empirisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "empeirikós",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "εμπειρικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "anubhavjanya",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajarbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "तजरबी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "tajurbī",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "तजुर्बी"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ānubhvik",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "आनुभविक"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "empiríčeskij",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "эмпири́ческий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empìrījskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "iskùstven"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "masirin"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "empirýčnyj",
      "sense": "pertaining to, derived from, or testable by observations",
      "word": "емпіри́чний"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "empiričen",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "емпиричен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "實證"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shízhèng",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "实证"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empirický"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "kokeellinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empiirinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empirisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "anubhavjanya",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "अनुभवजन्य"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ānubhvik",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "आनुभविक"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "siljeungjeogin",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "실증적인"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "empiríčeskij",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "эмпири́ческий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empìrījskī"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "iskùstven"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empírico"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "empirisk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "masirin"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "verifiable by means of scientific experimentation",
      "word": "thực chứng"
    }
  ],
  "word": "empirical"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.