See driving in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for driving meaning in English (17.6kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dryvyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dryvyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drivende"
},
"expansion": "drivende",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfende"
},
"expansion": "Old English drīfende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībaną",
"t": "to drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drive",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "drive + -ing",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "drieuwend"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian drieuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "driuwend"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian driuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijvend"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijvend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "drievend"
},
"expansion": "German Low German drievend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "treibend"
},
"expansion": "German treibend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drivande"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drivande",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dryvyng, drivende, from Old English drīfende, from Proto-Germanic *drībandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), equivalent to drive + -ing. Cognate with Saterland Frisian drieuwend, West Frisian driuwend, Dutch drijvend, German Low German drievend, German treibend, Swedish drivande.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "driving",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 10 12 26 14 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 24 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drive"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of drive"
],
"id": "en-driving-en-verb-fhuojuYk",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-driving.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg/En-us-driving.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "drīʹvĭng"
}
],
"word": "driving"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dryvyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dryvyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drivende"
},
"expansion": "drivende",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfende"
},
"expansion": "Old English drīfende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībaną",
"t": "to drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drive",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "drive + -ing",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "drieuwend"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian drieuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "driuwend"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian driuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijvend"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijvend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "drievend"
},
"expansion": "German Low German drievend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "treibend"
},
"expansion": "German treibend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drivande"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drivande",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dryvyng, drivende, from Old English drīfende, from Proto-Germanic *drībandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), equivalent to drive + -ing. Cognate with Saterland Frisian drieuwend, West Frisian driuwend, Dutch drijvend, German Low German drievend, German treibend, Swedish drivande.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more driving",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most driving",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "driving (comparative more driving, superlative most driving)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"That drives (a mechanism or process)."
],
"id": "en-driving-en-adj-d7WVUTYw",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rúxajučy",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "ру́хаючы"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dvižešt",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "движещ"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dvigatelen",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "двигателен"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "hybný"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "moteur"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "treibend"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "hajtó"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "napędowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "condutor"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dvížuščij",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "дви́жущий"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privodnój",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "приводно́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 38",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rušíjnyj",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "руші́йний"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That drives forcefully; strong; forceful; violent (of wind, rain, etc)"
],
"id": "en-driving-en-adj-QixF4bPo",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poroen",
"sense": "forceful of rain",
"word": "пороен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "forceful of rain",
"word": "pūroro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "forceful of rain",
"word": "tā whakarere"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-driving.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg/En-us-driving.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "drīʹvĭng"
}
],
"word": "driving"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "back-seat driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drink-driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving axle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving band"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving-box"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving car"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving examiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving force"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving-gear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving glove"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving iron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving-iron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving licence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving license"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving mirror"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving moccasin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving motor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving notes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving permit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving power"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving-putter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving rain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving range"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving school"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving seat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving shaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving spirit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving-stick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving test"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving time"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving trailer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving under the influence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving van trailer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving wheel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving-wheel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving while black"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "driving wind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drug driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drugged driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drunk-driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drunk driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "drunken driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "impaired driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "in the driving seat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "non-driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nondriving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "psychic driving"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wardriving"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "driving"
},
"expansion": "Middle English driving",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drivinge"
},
"expansion": "drivinge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drive",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "drive + -ing",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijving"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijving",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Treibung"
},
"expansion": "German Treibung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English driving, drivinge, equivalent to drive + -ing. Compare Dutch drijving, German Treibung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drivings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "driving (countable and uncountable, plural drivings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1825, Cobbett's Political Register, volume 54, page 789",
"text": "[…] with all its drivings of cattle and all its tithe battles, and all the killings and maimings consequent upon those battles, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The action of the verb to drive in any sense."
],
"id": "en-driving-en-noun-5N7KhUwV",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "駕駛"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiàshǐ",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "驾驶"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "開車"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kāichē",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "开车"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kørsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conduite"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lenkung"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"alt": "うんてん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unten",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "運転"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "unjeon",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "운전"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "voždénije",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вожде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jezdá",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "езда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upravlénije",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "управле́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "вожња"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 11 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vožnja"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 10 17 31 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76",
"text": "Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In particular, the action of operating a motor vehicle."
],
"id": "en-driving-en-noun-crSEeUGW",
"links": [
[
"motor vehicle",
"motor vehicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "siyāqa",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سِيَاقَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qiyāda",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قِيَادَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "siwāga",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "سِواقة"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šofirane",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шофиране"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conduite"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jazda"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "direção"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "condução"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "voždénije",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вожде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jezdá",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "езда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "avtovoždénije",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "автовожде́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "вожња"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vožnja"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manejo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 78 12",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conducción"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Golf",
"orig": "en:Golf",
"parents": [
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, L.P., “Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind”, in Golf Illustrated, volume 2, page 233",
"text": "Heigh-ho! Sing heigh-ho! my Golf is most shocking; My driving is topping, my caddie's still mocking.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Daniel Stewart Acuff, Golf Talk, page 57",
"text": "Ever since I started talking to myself with this new attitude toward my driving and my performance on the first tee and the first few holes, I have experienced consistently better performance with my driver.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Jeff Silverman, Classic Golf Stories: 26 Incredible Tales from the Links",
"text": "There is no such being as a golfer uninterested in his driving.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of driving the ball; hitting the ball a long distance, especially from the tee to the putting green."
],
"id": "en-driving-en-noun-oyFhiekX",
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) The act of driving the ball; hitting the ball a long distance, especially from the tee to the putting green."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-driving.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg/En-us-driving.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "drīʹvĭng"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"driving"
],
"word": "driving"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dryvyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dryvyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drivende"
},
"expansion": "drivende",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfende"
},
"expansion": "Old English drīfende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībaną",
"t": "to drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drive",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "drive + -ing",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "drieuwend"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian drieuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "driuwend"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian driuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijvend"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijvend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "drievend"
},
"expansion": "German Low German drievend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "treibend"
},
"expansion": "German treibend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drivande"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drivande",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dryvyng, drivende, from Old English drīfende, from Proto-Germanic *drībandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), equivalent to drive + -ing. Cognate with Saterland Frisian drieuwend, West Frisian driuwend, Dutch drijvend, German Low German drievend, German treibend, Swedish drivande.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "driving",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drive"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of drive"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-driving.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg/En-us-driving.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "drīʹvĭng"
}
],
"word": "driving"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "dryvyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English dryvyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drivende"
},
"expansion": "drivende",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfende"
},
"expansion": "Old English drīfende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībandz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībandz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*drībaną",
"t": "to drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drive",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "drive + -ing",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "drieuwend"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian drieuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "driuwend"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian driuwend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijvend"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijvend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "drievend"
},
"expansion": "German Low German drievend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "treibend"
},
"expansion": "German treibend",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "drivande"
},
"expansion": "Swedish drivande",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English dryvyng, drivende, from Old English drīfende, from Proto-Germanic *drībandz, present participle of Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), equivalent to drive + -ing. Cognate with Saterland Frisian drieuwend, West Frisian driuwend, Dutch drijvend, German Low German drievend, German treibend, Swedish drivande.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more driving",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most driving",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "driving (comparative more driving, superlative most driving)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"That drives (a mechanism or process)."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That drives forcefully; strong; forceful; violent (of wind, rain, etc)"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-driving.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg/En-us-driving.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "drīʹvĭng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rúxajučy",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "ру́хаючы"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dvižešt",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "движещ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dvigatelen",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "двигателен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "hybný"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "moteur"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "treibend"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "hajtó"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "napędowy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "condutor"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dvížuščij",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "дви́жущий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privodnój",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "приводно́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rušíjnyj",
"sense": "that drives",
"word": "руші́йний"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poroen",
"sense": "forceful of rain",
"word": "пороен"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "forceful of rain",
"word": "pūroro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "forceful of rain",
"word": "tā whakarere"
}
],
"word": "driving"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/aɪvɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "back-seat driving"
},
{
"word": "drink-driving"
},
{
"word": "driving axle"
},
{
"word": "driving band"
},
{
"word": "driving-box"
},
{
"word": "driving car"
},
{
"word": "driving examiner"
},
{
"word": "driving force"
},
{
"word": "driving-gear"
},
{
"word": "driving glove"
},
{
"word": "driving iron"
},
{
"word": "driving-iron"
},
{
"word": "driving licence"
},
{
"word": "driving license"
},
{
"word": "driving mirror"
},
{
"word": "driving moccasin"
},
{
"word": "driving motor"
},
{
"word": "driving notes"
},
{
"word": "driving permit"
},
{
"word": "driving power"
},
{
"word": "driving-putter"
},
{
"word": "driving rain"
},
{
"word": "driving range"
},
{
"word": "driving school"
},
{
"word": "driving seat"
},
{
"word": "driving shaft"
},
{
"word": "driving spirit"
},
{
"word": "driving-stick"
},
{
"word": "driving test"
},
{
"word": "driving time"
},
{
"word": "driving trailer"
},
{
"word": "driving under the influence"
},
{
"word": "driving van trailer"
},
{
"word": "driving wheel"
},
{
"word": "driving-wheel"
},
{
"word": "driving while black"
},
{
"word": "driving wind"
},
{
"word": "drug driving"
},
{
"word": "drugged driving"
},
{
"word": "drunk-driving"
},
{
"word": "drunk driving"
},
{
"word": "drunken driving"
},
{
"word": "impaired driving"
},
{
"word": "in the driving seat"
},
{
"word": "non-driving"
},
{
"word": "nondriving"
},
{
"word": "psychic driving"
},
{
"word": "wardriving"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "driving"
},
"expansion": "Middle English driving",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "drivinge"
},
"expansion": "drivinge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drive",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "drive + -ing",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drijving"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drijving",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Treibung"
},
"expansion": "German Treibung",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English driving, drivinge, equivalent to drive + -ing. Compare Dutch drijving, German Treibung.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drivings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "driving (countable and uncountable, plural drivings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1825, Cobbett's Political Register, volume 54, page 789",
"text": "[…] with all its drivings of cattle and all its tithe battles, and all the killings and maimings consequent upon those battles, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The action of the verb to drive in any sense."
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76",
"text": "Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In particular, the action of operating a motor vehicle."
],
"links": [
[
"motor vehicle",
"motor vehicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Golf"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1899, L.P., “Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind”, in Golf Illustrated, volume 2, page 233",
"text": "Heigh-ho! Sing heigh-ho! my Golf is most shocking; My driving is topping, my caddie's still mocking.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Daniel Stewart Acuff, Golf Talk, page 57",
"text": "Ever since I started talking to myself with this new attitude toward my driving and my performance on the first tee and the first few holes, I have experienced consistently better performance with my driver.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Jeff Silverman, Classic Golf Stories: 26 Incredible Tales from the Links",
"text": "There is no such being as a golfer uninterested in his driving.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of driving the ball; hitting the ball a long distance, especially from the tee to the putting green."
],
"links": [
[
"golf",
"golf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(golf) The act of driving the ball; hitting the ball a long distance, especially from the tee to the putting green."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"golf",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪvɪŋ"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-driving.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg/En-us-driving.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/En-us-driving.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "drīʹvĭng"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "駕駛"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiàshǐ",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "驾驶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "開車"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kāichē",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "开车"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kørsel"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conduite"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fahren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lenkung"
},
{
"alt": "うんてん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "unten",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "運転"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "unjeon",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"word": "운전"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "voždénije",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вожде́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jezdá",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "езда́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "upravlénije",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "управле́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "вожња"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of the verb to drive in any sense",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vožnja"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "siyāqa",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سِيَاقَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qiyāda",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قِيَادَة"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "siwāga",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "سِواقة"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šofirane",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шофиране"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conduite"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jazda"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "direção"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "condução"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "voždénije",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "вожде́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jezdá",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "езда́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "avtovoždénije",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "автовожде́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "вожња"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vožnja"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manejo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "action of operating a motor vehicle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "conducción"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"driving"
],
"word": "driving"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.