See cumulus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cumulus oophorus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fumulus"
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pyrocumulus"
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"2": "comble"
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"glosses": [
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{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
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"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kup",
"sense": "mound or heap",
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"word": "куп"
},
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"_dis1": "97 3",
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"word": "купчина"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
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"sense": "mound or heap",
"word": "kasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"alt": "たいせき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "taiseki",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"word": "堆積"
},
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"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "cúmulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acúmulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "monte"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
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"word": "pilha"
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]
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"_dis": "30 70",
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"ref": "1803 July, Luke Howard, “XVIII. On the Modifications of Clouds, and on the Principles of Their Production, Suspension, and Destruction; being the Substance of an Essay Read before the Askesian Society in the Session 1802–3.”, in Alexander Tilloch, editor, The Philosophical Magazine and Journal: Comprehending the Various Branches of Science, the Liberal and Fine Arts, Agriculture, Manufactures, and Commerce, volume XVI, number 62, London: […] [Richard Taylor] for Alexander Tilloch; and sold by Messrs. Richardson, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 99 and 101:",
"text": "[page 99] Cumulus. […] Convex or conical heaps, increasing upward from a horizontal base. […] [page 101] The cumulus of fair weather has a moderate elevation and extent, and a well defined rounded surface. Previous to rain it increases more rapidly, appears lower in the atmosphere, and with its surface full of loose fleeces or protuberances.",
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"ref": "1878 November 8, C. Todd, “Observations at the Adelaide Observatory”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 39, number 1, page 18:",
"text": "In the sketch (which is taken about 75 Jovian days after that of the 2nd July) there is shown a dark copper-coloured streak along the southern margin of the south brown belt, butting on to a bluff-headed streak of cumulus cloud which may be the same remarkable bluff head noticed on July 2.",
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"ref": "1919, Henry B[lake] Fuller, “Cope Enlivens the Country”, in Bertram Cope’s Year: A Novel, Chicago, Ill.: Ralph Fletcher Seymour, The Alderbrink Press, →OCLC, page 102:",
"text": "There were some new cumuli in the east, out above the water, and they began to take the late afternoon sun.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "2007 September 1, \"Who’s afraid of Google?: The world’s internet superpower faces testing times\", in The Economist, The Economist Newspaper Ltd, ISSN 0013-0613, volume 384, number 8544, page 9,\nIronically, there is something rather cloudlike about the multiple complaints surrounding Google. The issues are best parted into two cumuli: a set of “public” arguments about how to regulate Google; and a set of “private” ones for Google’s managers, to do with the strategy the firm needs to get through the coming storm."
}
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"glosses": [
"A large white, puffy cloud that develops through convection."
],
"id": "en-cumulus-en-noun-en:cloud",
"links": [
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"meteorology"
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[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) A large white, puffy cloud that develops through convection."
],
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"topics": [
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"meteorology",
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kǎlbest oblak",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кълбест облак"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
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"word": "cúmul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "zik¹ wan⁴",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "積雲 /积云"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīyún",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "積雲 /积云"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
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],
"word": "stapelwolk"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "kumpupilvi"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
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"word": "Quellwolke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
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"word": "Haufenwolke"
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"word": "Kumulus"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"alt": "せきうん",
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"word": "積雲"
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{
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"word": "적운"
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"_dis1": "0 100",
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{
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"word": "kapua whakapipi"
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{
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"word": "kappa taipua"
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{
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"word": "taipua"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "obłok"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
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{
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"word": "cumulus"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kučevoje",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "кучевое облако"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "cúmulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
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"word": "cumulusmoln"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "buntuning alapaap"
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{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "kümülüs"
}
]
}
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"en:Clouds"
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁mósder.?\nLatin cumulusbor.\nEnglish cumulus\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱuh₁mós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱewh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cumulus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cumulus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"cumulus\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cumulus"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin cumulus",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comble"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of comble",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cloud",
"uc": "1"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Luke Howard",
"nat": "the British",
"nocap": "1",
"occ": "chemist and amateur meteorologist",
"w": "Luke Howard (meteorologist)"
},
"expansion": "coined by the British chemist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard",
"name": "coinage"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁mósder.?\nLatin cumulusbor.\nEnglish cumulus\nLearned borrowing from Latin cumulus. Doublet of comble.\nSense 2 (“type of cloud”) was coined by the British chemist and amateur meteorologist Luke Howard (1772–1864): see the 1803 quotation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cumuli",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cumuli"
},
"expansion": "cumulus (plural cumuli)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cu",
"mu",
"lus"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A heap or mound."
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap#Noun"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Meteorology"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
17
],
[
109,
116
]
],
"ref": "1803 July, Luke Howard, “XVIII. On the Modifications of Clouds, and on the Principles of Their Production, Suspension, and Destruction; being the Substance of an Essay Read before the Askesian Society in the Session 1802–3.”, in Alexander Tilloch, editor, The Philosophical Magazine and Journal: Comprehending the Various Branches of Science, the Liberal and Fine Arts, Agriculture, Manufactures, and Commerce, volume XVI, number 62, London: […] [Richard Taylor] for Alexander Tilloch; and sold by Messrs. Richardson, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 99 and 101:",
"text": "[page 99] Cumulus. […] Convex or conical heaps, increasing upward from a horizontal base. […] [page 101] The cumulus of fair weather has a moderate elevation and extent, and a well defined rounded surface. Previous to rain it increases more rapidly, appears lower in the atmosphere, and with its surface full of loose fleeces or protuberances.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
214,
221
]
],
"ref": "1878 November 8, C. Todd, “Observations at the Adelaide Observatory”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, volume 39, number 1, page 18:",
"text": "In the sketch (which is taken about 75 Jovian days after that of the 2nd July) there is shown a dark copper-coloured streak along the southern margin of the south brown belt, butting on to a bluff-headed streak of cumulus cloud which may be the same remarkable bluff head noticed on July 2.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"ref": "1919, Henry B[lake] Fuller, “Cope Enlivens the Country”, in Bertram Cope’s Year: A Novel, Chicago, Ill.: Ralph Fletcher Seymour, The Alderbrink Press, →OCLC, page 102:",
"text": "There were some new cumuli in the east, out above the water, and they began to take the late afternoon sun.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "2007 September 1, \"Who’s afraid of Google?: The world’s internet superpower faces testing times\", in The Economist, The Economist Newspaper Ltd, ISSN 0013-0613, volume 384, number 8544, page 9,\nIronically, there is something rather cloudlike about the multiple complaints surrounding Google. The issues are best parted into two cumuli: a set of “public” arguments about how to regulate Google; and a set of “private” ones for Google’s managers, to do with the strategy the firm needs to get through the coming storm."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large white, puffy cloud that develops through convection."
],
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"puffy",
"puffy"
],
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
],
[
"convection",
"convection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) A large white, puffy cloud that develops through convection."
],
"senseid": [
"en:cloud"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkjuːmjʊləs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cumulus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cumulus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cumulus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cumulus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cumulus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkjumjələs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːmjʊləs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kǎlbest oblak",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кълбест облак"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cúmul"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "zik¹ wan⁴",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "積雲 /积云"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīyún",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "積雲 /积云"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "stapelwolk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "kumpupilvi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Quellwolke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Haufenwolke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kumuluswolke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kumulus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Cumulus"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "gomolyfelhő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "kumulusz"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "cumulo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumulo"
},
{
"alt": "せきうん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "sekiun",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "積雲"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "jeogun",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "적운"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumulus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nubes cumula"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "gubu mākonis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kumulus",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кумулус"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "kapua whakapipi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "kappa taipua"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "taipua"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "obłok"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cúmulo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumulus"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kučevoje",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "кучевое облако"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cúmulo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cumulusmoln"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "buntuning alapaap"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "white, puffy cloud",
"word": "kümülüs"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kup",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куп"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kupčina",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "купчина"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"word": "kasa"
},
{
"alt": "たいせき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "taiseki",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"word": "堆積"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cúmulo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "acúmulo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "monte"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mound or heap",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pilha"
}
],
"word": "cumulus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cumulus meaning in English (12.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": oblako vs. kučevoje",
"path": [
"cumulus"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cumulus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (e973cf0 and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.