See culm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for culm meaning in English (5.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "culme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English culme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "colme",
"t": "fragments of coal"
},
"expansion": "colme (“fragments of coal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*colm"
},
"expansion": "Old English *colm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "col",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English col (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cwlm",
"4": "",
"5": "knot or tie"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English culme, colme (“fragments of coal”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English *colm, related to Old English col (“coal”). Alternatively, perhaps from Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”), applied to this species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts of Wales.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "culm (countable and uncountable, plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Homer Greene, chapter XXI, in Burnham Breaker",
"text": "Here he lay down on a place soft with culm, to take his contemplated rest, and, before he was aware of it, sleep had descended on him, overpowered him, and bound him fast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Waste coal, used as a poor quality fuel; slack."
],
"id": "en-culm-en-noun-~LBxvEgO",
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"slack",
"slack"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Anthracite, especially when found in small masses."
],
"id": "en-culm-en-noun-IJptVZBt",
"links": [
[
"Anthracite",
"anthracite"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "culm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calame",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caramel"
},
"expansion": "caramel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chalumeau"
},
"expansion": "chalumeau",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shawm"
},
"expansion": "shawm",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin culmus. Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm; further related to caramel, chalumeau and shawm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "culm (plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 13 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, page 150",
"text": "[…] because, upon hearing him out, she sank down on the lawn in an impossible posture, examining a grass culm and frowning, he had taken his words back at once; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"id": "en-culm-en-noun-en:stem",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"senseid": [
"en:stem"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kõrs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "korsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "culmo"
},
{
"alt": "かん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kan",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "稈"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kākaho"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "źdźbło"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stebelʹ",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "стебель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solomina",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "соломина"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Culm (plant)"
],
"word": "culm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Welsh",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "culme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English culme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "colme",
"t": "fragments of coal"
},
"expansion": "colme (“fragments of coal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*colm"
},
"expansion": "Old English *colm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "col",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English col (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cwlm",
"4": "",
"5": "knot or tie"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English culme, colme (“fragments of coal”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English *colm, related to Old English col (“coal”). Alternatively, perhaps from Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”), applied to this species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts of Wales.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "culm (countable and uncountable, plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Homer Greene, chapter XXI, in Burnham Breaker",
"text": "Here he lay down on a place soft with culm, to take his contemplated rest, and, before he was aware of it, sleep had descended on him, overpowered him, and bound him fast.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Waste coal, used as a poor quality fuel; slack."
],
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"slack",
"slack"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Anthracite, especially when found in small masses."
],
"links": [
[
"Anthracite",
"anthracite"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "culm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calame",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "caramel"
},
"expansion": "caramel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chalumeau"
},
"expansion": "chalumeau",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shawm"
},
"expansion": "shawm",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin culmus. Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm; further related to caramel, chalumeau and shawm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "culm (plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, page 150",
"text": "[…] because, upon hearing him out, she sank down on the lawn in an impossible posture, examining a grass culm and frowning, he had taken his words back at once; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"senseid": [
"en:stem"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kõrs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "korsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "culmo"
},
{
"alt": "かん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kan",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "稈"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kākaho"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "źdźbło"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stebelʹ",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "стебель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solomina",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "соломина"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Culm (plant)"
],
"word": "culm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.