See culm on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "culme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English culme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*colm"
},
"expansion": "Old English *colm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "col",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English col (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cwlm",
"4": "",
"5": "knot or tie"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English culme, colme (“fragments of coal”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English *colm, related to Old English col (“coal”). Alternatively, perhaps from Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”), applied to this species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts of Wales.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "culm (countable and uncountable, plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Homer Greene, chapter XXI, in Burnham Breaker:",
"text": "Here he lay down on a place soft with culm, to take his contemplated rest, and, before he was aware of it, sleep had descended on him, overpowered him, and bound him fast.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Waste coal, used as a poor quality fuel; slack."
],
"id": "en-culm-en-noun-~LBxvEgO",
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"slack",
"slack"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Anthracite, especially when found in small masses."
],
"id": "en-culm-en-noun-IJptVZBt",
"links": [
[
"Anthracite",
"anthracite"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
}
],
"word": "culm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calame",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin culmus. Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm; further related to caramel, chalumeau and shawm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "culm (plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 14 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 19 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 20 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 35 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 72",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plant anatomy",
"orig": "en:Plant anatomy",
"parents": [
"Anatomy",
"Botany",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, page 150:",
"text": "[…] because, upon hearing him out, she sank down on the lawn in an impossible posture, examining a grass culm and frowning, he had taken his words back at once; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"id": "en-culm-en-noun-en:stem",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"senseid": [
"en:stem"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kõrs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "korsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "culmo"
},
{
"alt": "かん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kan",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "稈"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kākaho"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "źdźbło"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stebelʹ",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "стебель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solomina",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "соломина"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Culm (plant)"
],
"word": "culm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Welsh",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "culme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English culme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*colm"
},
"expansion": "Old English *colm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "col",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English col (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cy",
"3": "cwlm",
"4": "",
"5": "knot or tie"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English culme, colme (“fragments of coal”), of uncertain origin. Probably from Old English *colm, related to Old English col (“coal”). Alternatively, perhaps from Welsh cwlm (“knot or tie”), applied to this species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts of Wales.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "culm (countable and uncountable, plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1887, Homer Greene, chapter XXI, in Burnham Breaker:",
"text": "Here he lay down on a place soft with culm, to take his contemplated rest, and, before he was aware of it, sleep had descended on him, overpowered him, and bound him fast.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Waste coal, used as a poor quality fuel; slack."
],
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"fuel",
"fuel"
],
[
"slack",
"slack"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Anthracite, especially when found in small masses."
],
"links": [
[
"Anthracite",
"anthracite"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
}
],
"word": "culm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌlm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"en:Plant anatomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "culmiferous"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "culmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin culmus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calame",
"3": "calamus",
"4": "haulm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin culmus. Doublet of calame, calamus, and haulm; further related to caramel, chalumeau and shawm.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "culms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "culm (plural culms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, page 150:",
"text": "[…] because, upon hearing him out, she sank down on the lawn in an impossible posture, examining a grass culm and frowning, he had taken his words back at once; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"sedge",
"sedge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The stem of a plant, especially of grass or sedge."
],
"senseid": [
"en:stem"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʌlm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-culm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-culm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌlm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kõrs"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "korsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "culmo"
},
{
"alt": "かん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kan",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "稈"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "kākaho"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "źdźbło"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stebelʹ",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "стебель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "solomina",
"sense": "stem of a grass or sedge",
"word": "соломина"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Culm (plant)"
],
"word": "culm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for culm meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.