See criminalize in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "criminalizable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "criminalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "criminalizer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "decriminalize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "overcriminalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "recriminalize"
}
],
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"2": "ine-pro",
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"1": "en",
"2": "criminal",
"3": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "criminal + -ize",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From criminal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "criminalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "criminalizing",
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "criminalized",
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"past"
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},
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "felonize"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "misdemeanorize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "illegalize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "outlaw"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
"_dis": "10 3 36 7 36 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Gregg Barak, editor, The Routledge International Handbook of the Crimes of the Powerful:",
"text": "\"Ag-gag laws criminalize undercover investigations by prohibiting one or more of three types of behavior: trespass, recording of videos, and failure to submit a video to law enforcement.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 April 1, Dan Baum, quoting John Ehrlichman, “Legalize It All”, in Harper's Magazine:",
"text": "The Nixon campaign in 1968[…] had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. […] [B]y getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 April 22, Shawn Hubler, “Homelessness Case Draws Unusual Alliances: Conservatives and California Democrats”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "Advocates for homeless people, the American Psychiatric Association and several left-leaning states, including New York, Illinois and Minnesota, argue that criminalizing homelessness only worsens the problem.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 June 28, Abbie VanSickle, “Supreme Court Upholds Ban on Sleeping Outdoors in Homelessness Case”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "A group of homeless residents sued the city, challenging the ordinances and contending that the local laws essentially criminalized homelessness.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 October 16, Emma Bubela, “Italy Criminalizes Surrogacy From Abroad, a Blow to Gay and Infertile Couples”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "Italy passed a law on Wednesday that criminalizes seeking surrogacy abroad, a move the country’s conservative government said would protect women’s dignity, while critics see it as yet another crackdown by the government on L.G.B.T. families, as the law will make it virtually impossible for gay fathers to have children.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) a crime; to make illegal under criminal law; to ban."
],
"id": "en-criminalize-en-verb-hqQIvwn5",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"criminal law",
"criminal law"
],
[
"ban",
"ban"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (something) a crime; to make illegal under criminal law; to ban."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarrama",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "جَرَّمَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminalitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "tehdä (jostakin) rikos (object in elative and usually before rikos)",
"sense": "to make something be a crime"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "kriminalisoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "tehdä laittomaksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "prohibir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "ilegalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "poinikopoió",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "ποινικοποιώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hotzí mikhútz lakhók",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "הוציא מחוץ לחוק"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminalizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanzaishi suru",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "犯罪視する"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanzaika suru",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "犯罪化する"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminaliza"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kriminalizovátʹ",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "криминализова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "prohibir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "ilegalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "kriminalisera"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To treat as a criminal."
],
"id": "en-criminalize-en-verb-RJz0FmGf",
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat as a criminal."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "kohdella kuin rikollista"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "leimata rikolliseksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "kriminalisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalizar"
}
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"British"
],
"word": "criminalise"
}
],
"word": "criminalize"
}
{
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"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"English terms suffixed with -ize",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Crime"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "criminalizable"
},
{
"word": "criminalization"
},
{
"word": "criminalizer"
},
{
"word": "decriminalize"
},
{
"word": "overcriminalization"
},
{
"word": "recriminalize"
}
],
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "criminal",
"3": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "criminal + -ize",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From criminal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "criminalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "criminalizing",
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"present"
]
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{
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}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "felonize"
},
{
"word": "misdemeanorize"
},
{
"word": "illegalize"
},
{
"word": "outlaw"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Gregg Barak, editor, The Routledge International Handbook of the Crimes of the Powerful:",
"text": "\"Ag-gag laws criminalize undercover investigations by prohibiting one or more of three types of behavior: trespass, recording of videos, and failure to submit a video to law enforcement.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 April 1, Dan Baum, quoting John Ehrlichman, “Legalize It All”, in Harper's Magazine:",
"text": "The Nixon campaign in 1968[…] had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. […] [B]y getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 April 22, Shawn Hubler, “Homelessness Case Draws Unusual Alliances: Conservatives and California Democrats”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "Advocates for homeless people, the American Psychiatric Association and several left-leaning states, including New York, Illinois and Minnesota, argue that criminalizing homelessness only worsens the problem.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 June 28, Abbie VanSickle, “Supreme Court Upholds Ban on Sleeping Outdoors in Homelessness Case”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "A group of homeless residents sued the city, challenging the ordinances and contending that the local laws essentially criminalized homelessness.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2024 October 16, Emma Bubela, “Italy Criminalizes Surrogacy From Abroad, a Blow to Gay and Infertile Couples”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "Italy passed a law on Wednesday that criminalizes seeking surrogacy abroad, a move the country’s conservative government said would protect women’s dignity, while critics see it as yet another crackdown by the government on L.G.B.T. families, as the law will make it virtually impossible for gay fathers to have children.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make (something) a crime; to make illegal under criminal law; to ban."
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
],
[
"criminal law",
"criminal law"
],
[
"ban",
"ban"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make (something) a crime; to make illegal under criminal law; to ban."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To treat as a criminal."
],
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat as a criminal."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"British"
],
"word": "criminalise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarrama",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "جَرَّمَ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminalitzar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "tehdä (jostakin) rikos (object in elative and usually before rikos)",
"sense": "to make something be a crime"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "kriminalisoida"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "tehdä laittomaksi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminaliser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "prohibir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "ilegalizar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "poinikopoió",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "ποινικοποιώ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hotzí mikhútz lakhók",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "הוציא מחוץ לחוק"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminalizzare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanzaishi suru",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "犯罪視する"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanzaika suru",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "犯罪化する"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminalizar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "criminaliza"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kriminalizovátʹ",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "криминализова́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "prohibir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "ilegalizar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make something be a crime",
"word": "kriminalisera"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalitzar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "kohdella kuin rikollista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "leimata rikolliseksi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminaliser"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalizar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "kriminalisieren"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalizzare"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to treat as a criminal",
"word": "criminalizar"
}
],
"word": "criminalize"
}
Download raw JSONL data for criminalize meaning in English (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.