See criminalization in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "decriminalization"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "recriminalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "undercriminalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "criminal",
"3": "-ization"
},
"expansion": "criminal + -ization",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "criminalize",
"3": "-ation"
},
"expansion": "criminalize + -ation",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From criminal + -ization or criminalize + -ation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "criminalizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "criminalization (countable and uncountable, plural criminalizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "legal reclassification"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "felonization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "misdemeanorization"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ization",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, Ummni Khan, Vicarious Kinks: S/M in the Socio-Legal Imaginary, University of Toronto Press, →ISBN:",
"text": "And of course, s/m players who participate in breath play will also be more vulnerable to criminalization under such a new law.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of making a previously legal activity illegal, the act of making something a criminal offence."
],
"id": "en-criminalization-en-noun-T6goj-Gj",
"links": [
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalització"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēifǎhuà",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "非法化"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "kriminalisointi"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "rikollistaminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénalisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalización"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kriminalisierung"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"alt": "はんざいし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanzaishi",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "犯罪視"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qylmystandyru",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "қылмыстандыру"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalização"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kriminalizácija",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "криминализа́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalización"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "kriminalisering"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of turning someone into a criminal by making their activities illegal."
],
"id": "en-criminalization-en-noun-ZSVKdE1P",
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zuìfànhuà",
"sense": "turning someone into a criminal",
"word": "罪犯化"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "turning someone into a criminal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalisering"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 85",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "turning someone into a criminal",
"word": "kriminalisointi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "krĭ\"mĭnəlīzā'shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɹɪmɪnəlaɪzˈeɪʃən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "criminalisation"
}
],
"word": "criminalization"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "decriminalization"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"English terms suffixed with -ation",
"English terms suffixed with -ization",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Crime"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "recriminalization"
},
{
"word": "undercriminalization"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "criminal",
"3": "-ization"
},
"expansion": "criminal + -ization",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "criminalize",
"3": "-ation"
},
"expansion": "criminalize + -ation",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From criminal + -ization or criminalize + -ation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "criminalizations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "criminalization (countable and uncountable, plural criminalizations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "legal reclassification"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "felonization"
},
{
"word": "misdemeanorization"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014, Ummni Khan, Vicarious Kinks: S/M in the Socio-Legal Imaginary, University of Toronto Press, →ISBN:",
"text": "And of course, s/m players who participate in breath play will also be more vulnerable to criminalization under such a new law.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of making a previously legal activity illegal, the act of making something a criminal offence."
],
"links": [
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of turning someone into a criminal by making their activities illegal."
],
"links": [
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "krĭ\"mĭnəlīzā'shən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɹɪmɪnəlaɪzˈeɪʃən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "criminalisation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalització"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēifǎhuà",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "非法化"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalisering"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "kriminalisointi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "rikollistaminen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalisation"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénalisation"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalización"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kriminalisierung"
},
{
"alt": "はんざいし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hanzaishi",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "犯罪視"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qylmystandyru",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "қылмыстандыру"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalização"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kriminalizácija",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "криминализа́ция"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalización"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "making a previously legal activity illegal",
"word": "kriminalisering"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zuìfànhuà",
"sense": "turning someone into a criminal",
"word": "罪犯化"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "turning someone into a criminal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "criminalisering"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "turning someone into a criminal",
"word": "kriminalisointi"
}
],
"word": "criminalization"
}
Download raw JSONL data for criminalization meaning in English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.