"collaborate" meaning in English

See collaborate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/, /kəˈlæb.ɹeɪt/ Audio: en-us-collaborate.ogg [US] Forms: collaborates [present, singular, third-person], collaborating [participle, present], collaborated [participle, past], collaborated [past]
Etymology: Back-formation from collaborator, from French collaborateur, or else modeled on French collaborer or directly from Late Latin collabōrātus, past participle of collabōrāre. Displaced native Old English efnwyrċan. Etymology templates: {{back-formation|en|collaborator}} Back-formation from collaborator, {{der|en|fr|collaborateur}} French collaborateur, {{uder|en|fr|collaborer}} French collaborer, {{uder|en|LL.|collabōrātus}} Late Latin collabōrātus, {{m|la|collabōrō|collabōrāre}} collabōrāre, {{ncog|ang|efnwyrċan}} Old English efnwyrċan Head templates: {{en-verb}} collaborate (third-person singular simple present collaborates, present participle collaborating, simple past and past participle collaborated)
  1. To work together with others to achieve a common goal. Translations (to work together on a piece of work): تَعَاوَنَ (taʕāwana) (Arabic), сътруднича (sǎtrudniča) (Bulgarian), col·laborar (Catalan), 合作 (hézuò) (Chinese Mandarin), 協作 (Chinese Mandarin), 协作 (xiézuò) (Chinese Mandarin), 配合 (pèihé) (Chinese Mandarin), spolupracovat (Czech), samarbejde (Danish), samenwerken (Dutch), kunlabori (Esperanto), kunagi (Esperanto), koostööd tegema (Estonian), at samstarva (Faroese), tehdä yhteistyötä (Finnish), collaborer (French), zusammenarbeiten (German), συνεργάζομαι (synergázomai) (Greek), שיתף פעולה (shitéf p'ula) (Hebrew), együttműködik (Hungarian), közösen/együtt dolgozik (Hungarian), vinna saman (Icelandic), kunlaborar (Ido), kerjasama (Indonesian), collaborare (Italian), 協力する (kyōryoku suru) (alt: きょうりょくする) (Japanese), 共同して働く (kyōdō shite hataraku) (Japanese), 공동으로 일하다 (gongdong'euro ilhada) (Korean), sadarboties (Latvian), līdzdarboties (Latvian), drauge dirbti (Lithuanian), mahitahi (Maori), samarbeide (Norwegian), collaborar (Occitan), efnwyrċan (Old English), współpracować (Polish), colaborar (Portuguese), haymay (Quechua), colabora (Romanian), сотру́дничать (sotrúdničatʹ) (Russian), коопери́ровать (kooperírovatʹ) (Russian), сарађивати (Serbo-Croatian), сурађивати (Serbo-Croatian), spolupracovať (Slovak), sodelovati (Slovene), colaborar (Spanish), samarbeta (Swedish), samverka (Swedish), birlikte çalışmak (Turkish), співпрацюва́ти (spivpracjuváty) (Ukrainian), ھەمكارلاشماق (hemkarlashmaq) (Uyghur), מיטאַרבעטן (mitarbetn) (Yiddish), צוזאַמענאַרבעטן (tsuzamenarbetn) (Yiddish)
    Sense id: en-collaborate-en-verb-M~BqVY8C Categories (other): English back-formations, English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations Disambiguation of English back-formations: 59 41 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 59 41 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 59 41 Disambiguation of 'to work together on a piece of work': 90 10
  2. To voluntarily cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one's country. Translations (to cooperate treasonably): تَعاوَنُ مَعَ العَدُوّ (taʕāwanu maʕa l-ʕaduww) (Arabic), колаборирам (kolaboriram) (Bulgarian), 勾結 (Chinese Mandarin), 勾结 (gōujié) (Chinese Mandarin), 通敵 (Chinese Mandarin), 通敌 (tōngdí) (Chinese Mandarin), kolaborovat (Czech), kollaborere (Danish), samarbejde (Danish), collaboreren (Dutch), kollaboreerima (Estonian), olla yhteistoiminnassa (Finnish), olla yhteistyössä (Finnish), collaborer (French), kollaborieren (German), mit dem Feind zusammenarbeiten (German), συνεργάζομαι (synergázomai) (Greek), שיתף פעולה (shitéf p'ula) (Hebrew), kollaborál (Hungarian), összejátszik (Hungarian), vinna með (Icelandic), berkhianat (Indonesian), collaborare (Italian), 協力する (kyōryoku suru) (alt: 敵に) (Japanese), 협력하다 (hyeomnyeok-hada) (alt: 적국에) (Korean), sadarboties (ar ienaidnieku) (Latvian), bendradarbiauti, kolaboruoti (Lithuanian), samarbeide, kollaborere (med fienden) (Norwegian), kolaborować (Polish), colaborar (Portuguese), colabora (Romanian), сотру́дничать с враго́м (sotrúdničatʹ s vragóm) (Russian), kolaborovať (Slovak), kolaborirati (Slovene), colaborar (Spanish), samarbeta (Swedish), kollaborera (Swedish), işbirliği yapmak (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-collaborate-en-verb-0IhZ23Vo Disambiguation of 'to cooperate treasonably': 16 84
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: collaborator, collaboration, collaborative

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for collaborate meaning in English (15.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "collaborator"
      },
      "expansion": "Back-formation from collaborator",
      "name": "back-formation"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "collaborateur"
      },
      "expansion": "French collaborateur",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "collaborer"
      },
      "expansion": "French collaborer",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "collabōrātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin collabōrātus",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "collabōrō",
        "3": "collabōrāre"
      },
      "expansion": "collabōrāre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "efnwyrċan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English efnwyrċan",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Back-formation from collaborator, from French collaborateur, or else modeled on French collaborer or directly from Late Latin collabōrātus, past participle of collabōrāre. Displaced native Old English efnwyrċan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "collaborates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "collaborating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "collaborated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "collaborated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "collaborate (third-person singular simple present collaborates, present participle collaborating, simple past and past participle collaborated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "col‧lab‧or‧ate"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "collaborator"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "collaboration"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "collaborative"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English back-formations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Let's collaborate on this project, and get it finished faster.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Wikipedia is a website where anyone can collaborate.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To work together with others to achieve a common goal."
      ],
      "id": "en-collaborate-en-verb-M~BqVY8C",
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ],
        [
          "others",
          "others"
        ],
        [
          "achieve",
          "achieve"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "taʕāwana",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "تَعَاوَنَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sǎtrudniča",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "сътруднича"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "col·laborar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "hézuò",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "合作"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "協作"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiézuò",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "协作"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "pèihé",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "配合"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "spolupracovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "samarbejde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "samenwerken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "kunlabori"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "kunagi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "koostööd tegema"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "at samstarva"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "tehdä yhteistyötä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "collaborer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "zusammenarbeiten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "synergázomai",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "συνεργάζομαι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "shitéf p'ula",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "שיתף פעולה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "együttműködik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "közösen/együtt dolgozik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "vinna saman"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "kunlaborar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "kerjasama"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "collaborare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "alt": "きょうりょくする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kyōryoku suru",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "協力する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kyōdō shite hataraku",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "共同して働く"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gongdong'euro ilhada",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "공동으로 일하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "sadarboties"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "līdzdarboties"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "drauge dirbti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "mahitahi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "samarbeide"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "collaborar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "efnwyrċan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "współpracować"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "colaborar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "haymay"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "colabora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sotrúdničatʹ",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "сотру́дничать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kooperírovatʹ",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "коопери́ровать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "сарађивати"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "сурађивати"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "spolupracovať"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "sodelovati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "colaborar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "samarbeta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "samverka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "birlikte çalışmak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "spivpracjuváty",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "співпрацюва́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "hemkarlashmaq",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "ھەمكارلاشماق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "mitarbetn",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "מיטאַרבעטן"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "90 10",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "tsuzamenarbetn",
          "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
          "word": "צוזאַמענאַרבעטן"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "If you collaborate with the occupying forces, you will be shot.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To voluntarily cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one's country."
      ],
      "id": "en-collaborate-en-verb-0IhZ23Vo",
      "links": [
        [
          "cooperate",
          "cooperate"
        ],
        [
          "treasonably",
          "treasonably"
        ],
        [
          "occupation",
          "occupation"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "taʕāwanu maʕa l-ʕaduww",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "تَعاوَنُ مَعَ العَدُوّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kolaboriram",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "колаборирам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "勾結"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gōujié",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "勾结"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "通敵"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "tōngdí",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "通敌"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kolaborovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kollaborere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "samarbejde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "collaboreren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kollaboreerima"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "olla yhteistoiminnassa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "olla yhteistyössä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "collaborer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kollaborieren"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "mit dem Feind zusammenarbeiten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "synergázomai",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "συνεργάζομαι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "shitéf p'ula",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "שיתף פעולה"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kollaborál"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "összejátszik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "vinna með"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "berkhianat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "collaborare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "alt": "敵に",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kyōryoku suru",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "協力する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "alt": "적국에",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "hyeomnyeok-hada",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "협력하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "sadarboties (ar ienaidnieku)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "bendradarbiauti, kolaboruoti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "samarbeide, kollaborere (med fienden)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kolaborować"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "colaborar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "colabora"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sotrúdničatʹ s vragóm",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "сотру́дничать с враго́м"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kolaborovať"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kolaborirati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "colaborar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "samarbeta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "kollaborera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "16 84",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
          "word": "işbirliği yapmak"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kəˈlæb.ɹeɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-collaborate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-us-collaborate.ogg/En-us-collaborate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-us-collaborate.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "collaborate"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English back-formations",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "collaborator"
      },
      "expansion": "Back-formation from collaborator",
      "name": "back-formation"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "collaborateur"
      },
      "expansion": "French collaborateur",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "collaborer"
      },
      "expansion": "French collaborer",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "collabōrātus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin collabōrātus",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "collabōrō",
        "3": "collabōrāre"
      },
      "expansion": "collabōrāre",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "efnwyrċan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English efnwyrċan",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Back-formation from collaborator, from French collaborateur, or else modeled on French collaborer or directly from Late Latin collabōrātus, past participle of collabōrāre. Displaced native Old English efnwyrċan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "collaborates",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "collaborating",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "collaborated",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "collaborated",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "collaborate (third-person singular simple present collaborates, present participle collaborating, simple past and past participle collaborated)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "col‧lab‧or‧ate"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "collaborator"
    },
    {
      "word": "collaboration"
    },
    {
      "word": "collaborative"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Let's collaborate on this project, and get it finished faster.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Wikipedia is a website where anyone can collaborate.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To work together with others to achieve a common goal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ],
        [
          "others",
          "others"
        ],
        [
          "achieve",
          "achieve"
        ],
        [
          "common",
          "common"
        ],
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "If you collaborate with the occupying forces, you will be shot.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To voluntarily cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one's country."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cooperate",
          "cooperate"
        ],
        [
          "treasonably",
          "treasonably"
        ],
        [
          "occupation",
          "occupation"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kəˈlæb.ɹeɪt/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-collaborate.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/En-us-collaborate.ogg/En-us-collaborate.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/En-us-collaborate.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "taʕāwana",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "تَعَاوَنَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sǎtrudniča",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "сътруднича"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "col·laborar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hézuò",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "合作"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "協作"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiézuò",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "协作"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "pèihé",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "配合"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "spolupracovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "samarbejde"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "samenwerken"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "kunlabori"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "kunagi"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "koostööd tegema"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "at samstarva"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "tehdä yhteistyötä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "collaborer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "zusammenarbeiten"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "synergázomai",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "συνεργάζομαι"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "shitéf p'ula",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "שיתף פעולה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "együttműködik"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "közösen/együtt dolgozik"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "vinna saman"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "kunlaborar"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "kerjasama"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "collaborare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きょうりょくする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kyōryoku suru",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "協力する"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kyōdō shite hataraku",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "共同して働く"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gongdong'euro ilhada",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "공동으로 일하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "sadarboties"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "līdzdarboties"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "drauge dirbti"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "mahitahi"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "samarbeide"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "collaborar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "efnwyrċan"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "współpracować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "colaborar"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "haymay"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "colabora"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sotrúdničatʹ",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "сотру́дничать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kooperírovatʹ",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "коопери́ровать"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "сарађивати"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "сурађивати"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "spolupracovať"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "sodelovati"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "colaborar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "samarbeta"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "samverka"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "birlikte çalışmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "spivpracjuváty",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "співпрацюва́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "hemkarlashmaq",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "ھەمكارلاشماق"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "mitarbetn",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "מיטאַרבעטן"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "tsuzamenarbetn",
      "sense": "to work together on a piece of work",
      "word": "צוזאַמענאַרבעטן"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "taʕāwanu maʕa l-ʕaduww",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "تَعاوَنُ مَعَ العَدُوّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kolaboriram",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "колаборирам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "勾結"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gōujié",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "勾结"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "通敵"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "tōngdí",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "通敌"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kolaborovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kollaborere"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "samarbejde"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "collaboreren"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kollaboreerima"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "olla yhteistoiminnassa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "olla yhteistyössä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "collaborer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kollaborieren"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "mit dem Feind zusammenarbeiten"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "synergázomai",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "συνεργάζομαι"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "shitéf p'ula",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "שיתף פעולה"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kollaborál"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "összejátszik"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "vinna með"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "berkhianat"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "collaborare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "敵に",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kyōryoku suru",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "協力する"
    },
    {
      "alt": "적국에",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "hyeomnyeok-hada",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "협력하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "sadarboties (ar ienaidnieku)"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "bendradarbiauti, kolaboruoti"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "samarbeide, kollaborere (med fienden)"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kolaborować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "colaborar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "colabora"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sotrúdničatʹ s vragóm",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "сотру́дничать с враго́м"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kolaborovať"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kolaborirati"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "colaborar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "samarbeta"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "kollaborera"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to cooperate treasonably",
      "word": "işbirliği yapmak"
    }
  ],
  "word": "collaborate"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": きょうりょくする vs. 敵に",
  "path": [
    "collaborate"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "collaborate",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (8203a16 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.