See closeness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for closeness meaning in English (9.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "close",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "close + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "close + -ness",
"forms": [
{
"form": "closenesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "closeness (usually uncountable, plural closenesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 23 24 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being close (all senses)"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-beKEoU6o",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 23 24 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being friends"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-0yUdpn8Y",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 81 3 4 3 3",
"sense": "friends",
"word": "intimacy"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátelstvo",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прия́телство"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"word": "läheisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qirvá",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קִרְבָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliskość"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prietenie"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 23 24 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being mean or stingy"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-OhR5FaZw",
"links": [
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"stingy",
"stingy"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 21 37 22 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stisnatost",
"sense": "The state of being mean or stingy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стиснатост"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 24 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 23 24 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 23 24 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being secretive"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-OQZRY7eV",
"links": [
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 23 21 36 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potajnost",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потайност"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 21 36 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lukkethed"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-87TKsFDY",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"vertices",
"vertices"
],
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 3 88 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "The shortest path between two vertices in a graph",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nähe"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Solitude, seclusion"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-EooPGfMN",
"links": [
[
"Solitude",
"solitude"
],
[
"seclusion",
"seclusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Solitude, seclusion"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 0 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ujedinénije",
"sense": "solitude, seclusion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "уедине́ние"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkloʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʉs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊsnəs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-closeness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "proximity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "nearness"
}
],
"word": "closeness"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/əʊsnəs",
"Rhymes:English/əʊsnəs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "close",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "close + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "close + -ness",
"forms": [
{
"form": "closenesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "closeness (usually uncountable, plural closenesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being close (all senses)"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being friends"
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being mean or stingy"
],
"links": [
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"stingy",
"stingy"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being secretive"
],
"links": [
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"vertices",
"vertices"
],
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Solitude, seclusion"
],
"links": [
[
"Solitude",
"solitude"
],
[
"seclusion",
"seclusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Solitude, seclusion"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkloʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʉs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊsnəs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-closeness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "proximity"
},
{
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "nearness"
},
{
"sense": "friends",
"word": "intimacy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátelstvo",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прия́телство"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"word": "läheisyys"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qirvá",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קִרְבָה"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliskość"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prietenie"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stisnatost",
"sense": "The state of being mean or stingy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стиснатост"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potajnost",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потайност"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lukkethed"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ujedinénije",
"sense": "solitude, seclusion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "уедине́ние"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "The shortest path between two vertices in a graph",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nähe"
}
],
"word": "closeness"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.