See closeness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "supercloseness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "close",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "close + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From close + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "closenesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "closeness (usually uncountable, plural closenesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "22 26 23 25 4 1",
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{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 8 1",
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{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 6 1",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 25 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being close (all senses)"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-beKEoU6o",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 23 25 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 25 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being friends"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-0yUdpn8Y",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "6 77 4 5 4 3",
"sense": "friends",
"word": "intimacy"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátelstvo",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прия́телство"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"word": "läheisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qirvá",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קִרְבָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliskość"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 35 21 23 1 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prietenie"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 23 25 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 25 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being mean or stingy"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-OhR5FaZw",
"links": [
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"stingy",
"stingy"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "19 22 36 22 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stisnatost",
"sense": "The state of being mean or stingy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стиснатост"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 22 23 6 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 23 25 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 22 23 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 6 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 24 25 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 24 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 23 25 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being secretive"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-OQZRY7eV",
"links": [
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "20 23 21 35 1 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potajnost",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потайност"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 23 21 35 1 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lukkethed"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-87TKsFDY",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"vertices",
"vertices"
],
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 4 4 4 83 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "The shortest path between two vertices in a graph",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nähe"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "I thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated / To closeness and the bettering of my mind [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Solitude, seclusion"
],
"id": "en-closeness-en-noun-EooPGfMN",
"links": [
[
"Solitude",
"solitude"
],
[
"seclusion",
"seclusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Solitude, seclusion"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 0 97",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ujedinénije",
"sense": "solitude, seclusion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "уедине́ние"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkloʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-closeness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʉs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊsnəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "proximity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "nearness"
}
],
"word": "closeness"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊsnəs",
"Rhymes:English/əʊsnəs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "supercloseness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "close",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "close + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From close + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "closenesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "closeness (usually uncountable, plural closenesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being close (all senses)"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being friends"
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being mean or stingy"
],
"links": [
[
"mean",
"mean"
],
[
"stingy",
"stingy"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being secretive"
],
"links": [
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"path",
"path"
],
[
"vertices",
"vertices"
],
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics) The shortest path between two vertices in a graph"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:",
"text": "I thus neglecting worldly ends, all dedicated / To closeness and the bettering of my mind [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Solitude, seclusion"
],
"links": [
[
"Solitude",
"solitude"
],
[
"seclusion",
"seclusion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Solitude, seclusion"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkloʊs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-closeness.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-closeness.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkləʉs.nəs/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊsnəs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "proximity"
},
{
"tags": [
"physical"
],
"word": "nearness"
},
{
"sense": "friends",
"word": "intimacy"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prijátelstvo",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прия́телство"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"word": "läheisyys"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qirvá",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קִרְבָה"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bliskość"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "The state of being friends",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prietenie"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stisnatost",
"sense": "The state of being mean or stingy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "стиснатост"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potajnost",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "потайност"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "The state of being secretive",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lukkethed"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ujedinénije",
"sense": "solitude, seclusion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "уедине́ние"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "The shortest path between two vertices in a graph",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nähe"
}
],
"word": "closeness"
}
Download raw JSONL data for closeness meaning in English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.