"cline" meaning in English

See cline in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /klaɪn/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cline.wav [Southern-England] Forms: clines [plural]
Rhymes: -aɪn Etymology: Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “to lean, incline”). Introduced by English evolutionary biologist and eugenicist Julian Huxley in 1938 after British mycologist John Ramsbottom suggested the term. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*ḱley-|id=incline}}, {{der|en|grc|κλῑ́νω|t=to lean, incline}} Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “to lean, incline”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} cline (plural clines)
  1. (systematics) A gradation in a character or phenotype within a species or other group. Categories (topical): Taxonomy
    Sense id: en-cline-en-noun-wF-23UAn
  2. Any graduated continuum.
    Sense id: en-cline-en-noun-C0Mab0ea Categories (other): English quotations with omitted translation Disambiguation of English quotations with omitted translation: 12 88
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: clinal Related terms: client, climate, climax, clinic, clivus, lean Translations (systematics): kliini (Finnish)
Etymology number: 1 Disambiguation of 'systematics': 36 64

Noun

IPA: /klaɪn/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cline.wav [Southern-England] Forms: clines [plural]
Rhymes: -aɪn Etymology: From c(ircle) + line; compare circline. Etymology templates: {{m|en|circle|c(ircle)}} c(ircle), {{m|en|line}} line, {{m|en|circline}} circline Head templates: {{en-noun}} cline (plural clines)
  1. (geometry, inversive geometry) A generalized circle. Categories (topical): Geometry, Circle, Curves, Shapes Synonyms (generalized circle): circline, generalized circle
    Sense id: en-cline-en-noun-BJOmN44e Disambiguation of Circle: 3 14 83 Disambiguation of Curves: 3 24 73 Disambiguation of Shapes: 3 25 72 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 31 67 Topics: geometry, mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for cline meaning in English (6.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "clinal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱley-",
        "id": "incline"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κλῑ́νω",
        "t": "to lean, incline"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “to lean, incline”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “to lean, incline”). Introduced by English evolutionary biologist and eugenicist Julian Huxley in 1938 after British mycologist John Ramsbottom suggested the term.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clines",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cline (plural clines)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "client"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "climate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "climax"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "clinic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "clivus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lean"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Taxonomy",
          "orig": "en:Taxonomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Evolutionary theory",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A gradation in a character or phenotype within a species or other group."
      ],
      "id": "en-cline-en-noun-wF-23UAn",
      "links": [
        [
          "systematics",
          "systematics"
        ],
        [
          "gradation",
          "gradation"
        ],
        [
          "character",
          "character"
        ],
        [
          "phenotype",
          "phenotype"
        ],
        [
          "species",
          "species"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "systematics",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(systematics) A gradation in a character or phenotype within a species or other group."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2005, Ronnie Cann, Ruth Kempson, Lutz Marten, The Dynamics of Language, an Introduction, page 412",
          "text": "This account effectively reconstructs the well-known grammaticalisation cline from anaphora to agreement, …",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any graduated continuum."
      ],
      "id": "en-cline-en-noun-C0Mab0ea",
      "links": [
        [
          "graduated",
          "graduated"
        ],
        [
          "continuum",
          "continuum"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klaɪn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cline.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "36 64",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "systematics",
      "word": "kliini"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "John Ramsbottom (mycologist)",
    "Julian Huxley"
  ],
  "word": "cline"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "circle",
        "3": "c(ircle)"
      },
      "expansion": "c(ircle)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "line"
      },
      "expansion": "line",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "circline"
      },
      "expansion": "circline",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From c(ircle) + line; compare circline.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clines",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cline (plural clines)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Geometry",
          "orig": "en:Geometry",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 31 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 14 83",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Circle",
          "orig": "en:Circle",
          "parents": [
            "Curves",
            "Shapes",
            "Geometry",
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 24 73",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Curves",
          "orig": "en:Curves",
          "parents": [
            "Shapes",
            "Geometry",
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 25 72",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Shapes",
          "orig": "en:Shapes",
          "parents": [
            "Geometry",
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2001, Michael Henle, Modern Geometries: Non-Euclidean, Projective, and Discrete, page 77",
          "text": "Let C₁ and C₂ be two nonintersecting clines. Prove that there is a unique pair of points that are simultaneously symmetric to both C₁ and C₂.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Michael P. Hitchman, Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology, page 64",
          "text": "To visualize Möbius transformations, it is helpful to focus on fixed points and, in the case of two fixed points, on two families of clines with respect to these points.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "2011, Dominique Michelucci, What is a Line?, Pascal Schreck, Julien Narboux, Jürgen Richter-Gebert (editors), Automated Deduction in Geometry, 8th International Workshop, ADG 2010, Revised Selected Papers, LNAI 6877, page 139,\nLet Ω be a fixed, arbitrary, point. Then circles (in the classical sense) through Ω can be considered as lines. For convenience, such circles are called clines in this section. Two distinct clines cut in one point (ignoring Ω and the two cyclic points); it can happen that Ω is a double intersection point; in this case, one may say that the two clines are parallel, and that they meet at a point at infinity, which is Ω."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A generalized circle."
      ],
      "id": "en-cline-en-noun-BJOmN44e",
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "generalized circle",
          "generalized circle"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "inversive geometry",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry, inversive geometry) A generalized circle."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "sense": "generalized circle",
          "word": "circline"
        },
        {
          "sense": "generalized circle",
          "word": "generalized circle"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klaɪn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cline.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cline"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English quotations with omitted translation",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (incline)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with quotations",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable",
    "en:Circle",
    "en:Curves",
    "en:Shapes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "clinal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱley-",
        "id": "incline"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κλῑ́νω",
        "t": "to lean, incline"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “to lean, incline”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō, “to lean, incline”). Introduced by English evolutionary biologist and eugenicist Julian Huxley in 1938 after British mycologist John Ramsbottom suggested the term.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clines",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cline (plural clines)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "client"
    },
    {
      "word": "climate"
    },
    {
      "word": "climax"
    },
    {
      "word": "clinic"
    },
    {
      "word": "clivus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lean"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Taxonomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A gradation in a character or phenotype within a species or other group."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "systematics",
          "systematics"
        ],
        [
          "gradation",
          "gradation"
        ],
        [
          "character",
          "character"
        ],
        [
          "phenotype",
          "phenotype"
        ],
        [
          "species",
          "species"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "systematics",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(systematics) A gradation in a character or phenotype within a species or other group."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2005, Ronnie Cann, Ruth Kempson, Lutz Marten, The Dynamics of Language, an Introduction, page 412",
          "text": "This account effectively reconstructs the well-known grammaticalisation cline from anaphora to agreement, …",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any graduated continuum."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "graduated",
          "graduated"
        ],
        [
          "continuum",
          "continuum"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klaɪn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cline.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "systematics",
      "word": "kliini"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "John Ramsbottom (mycologist)",
    "Julian Huxley"
  ],
  "word": "cline"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable",
    "en:Circle",
    "en:Curves",
    "en:Shapes"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "circle",
        "3": "c(ircle)"
      },
      "expansion": "c(ircle)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "line"
      },
      "expansion": "line",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "circline"
      },
      "expansion": "circline",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From c(ircle) + line; compare circline.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clines",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cline (plural clines)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Geometry"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2001, Michael Henle, Modern Geometries: Non-Euclidean, Projective, and Discrete, page 77",
          "text": "Let C₁ and C₂ be two nonintersecting clines. Prove that there is a unique pair of points that are simultaneously symmetric to both C₁ and C₂.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2009, Michael P. Hitchman, Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology, page 64",
          "text": "To visualize Möbius transformations, it is helpful to focus on fixed points and, in the case of two fixed points, on two families of clines with respect to these points.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "2011, Dominique Michelucci, What is a Line?, Pascal Schreck, Julien Narboux, Jürgen Richter-Gebert (editors), Automated Deduction in Geometry, 8th International Workshop, ADG 2010, Revised Selected Papers, LNAI 6877, page 139,\nLet Ω be a fixed, arbitrary, point. Then circles (in the classical sense) through Ω can be considered as lines. For convenience, such circles are called clines in this section. Two distinct clines cut in one point (ignoring Ω and the two cyclic points); it can happen that Ω is a double intersection point; in this case, one may say that the two clines are parallel, and that they meet at a point at infinity, which is Ω."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A generalized circle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "generalized circle",
          "generalized circle"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "inversive geometry",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geometry, inversive geometry) A generalized circle."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klaɪn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cline.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cline.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "generalized circle",
      "word": "circline"
    },
    {
      "sense": "generalized circle",
      "word": "generalized circle"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cline"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.