"clinal" meaning in English

See clinal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈklaɪnəl/
Rhymes: -aɪnəl Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- Proto-Indo-European *-éyti Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti Proto-Hellenic *klíňňō Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō) Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā) Ancient Greek -η (-ē) Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē) Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English clinal From Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + English -al. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|grc:κλίνη<t:bed>|-al|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- Proto-Indo-European *-éyti Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- Proto-Indo-European *-né- Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti Proto-Hellenic *klíňňō Ancient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō) Ancient Greek -ᾱ (-ā) Ancient Greek -η (-ē) Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē) Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English clinal [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "κλῑ́νω", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal noun suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "missing", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ᾱ", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-η", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "κλίνη", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "grc" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectival suffix", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming adjectives", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "fro" }, { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fro" }, { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-al", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "clinal", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="clinal"> From Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + English -al. Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} clinal (not comparable)
  1. Pertaining to beds or rest. Tags: not-comparable
    Sense id: en-clinal-en-adj-F-V8haqD
  2. (physical chemistry) Describing a torsion angle between 30° and 150° Tags: not-comparable, physical
    Sense id: en-clinal-en-adj-WbyfDR8Y Categories (other): Physical chemistry, English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -al, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Ecology Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 10 71 19 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 10 74 16 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 10 74 16 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 79 17 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -al: 25 54 21 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 10 76 14 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 7 70 24 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 82 15 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 11 74 16 Disambiguation of Ecology: 6 56 38 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adjective

IPA: /ˈklaɪnəl/
Rhymes: -aɪnəl Etymology: Etymology tree English cline Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English clinal From cline + -al. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|cline|-al|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English cline Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English clinal [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "forming adjectives", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "fro" }, { "id" : "adjective", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-el", "lang" : "fro" }, { "is_duplicate" : true, "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : { "1" : "la", "2" : ":inh", "3" : "itc-pro:*-ālis", "id" : "adjectivizing suffix", "title" : "-ālis", "pos" : "suffix" }, "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-al", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-al", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "clinal", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="clinal"> From cline + -al. Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} clinal (not comparable)
  1. Pertaining to a cline. Tags: not-comparable Derived forms: aclinal, clinally
    Sense id: en-clinal-en-adj-JEisQgnd
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "grc:κλίνη<t:bed>",
        "4": "-al",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱley-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti\nProto-Hellenic *klíňňō\nAncient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek κλίνη (klínē)\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κλῑ́νω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-η\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κλίνη\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"clinal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"clinal\">\nFrom Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + English -al.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱley-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti\nProto-Hellenic *klíňňō\nAncient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek κλίνη (klínē)\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\nFrom Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + English -al.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "clinal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              49,
              55
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1984, Anthony Burgess, Enderby's Dark Lady:",
          "text": "‘Strange,’ Enderby said. ‘Here we both are, in a clinal situation so to speak, a bed context I mean, the Greek word means to lean or repose I suppose, hence bed, hence clinic by the way, and this has nothing to do with my feverish imaginings.’",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to beds or rest."
      ],
      "id": "en-clinal-en-adj-F-V8haqD",
      "links": [
        [
          "bed",
          "bed"
        ],
        [
          "rest",
          "rest"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Physical chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Physical chemistry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 71 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 74 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 74 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 79 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 54 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 76 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 70 24",
          "kind": "other",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 82 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 74 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 56 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Ecology",
          "orig": "en:Ecology",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Describing a torsion angle between 30° and 150°"
      ],
      "id": "en-clinal-en-adj-WbyfDR8Y",
      "links": [
        [
          "physical chemistry",
          "physical chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "torsion angle",
          "torsion angle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physical chemistry) Describing a torsion angle between 30° and 150°"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "physical"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈklaɪnəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "clinal"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "cline",
        "4": "-al",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cline\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"clinal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"clinal\">\nFrom cline + -al.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cline\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\nFrom cline + -al.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "clinal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "aclinal"
        },
        {
          "word": "clinally"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1994, Anders P Moller, Sexual Selection and the Barn Swallow, Oxford, published 2000, page 299:",
          "text": "Clinal variation in the size of the secondary sexual character may be due to the effects of the Fisher or the handicap process.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to a cline."
      ],
      "id": "en-clinal-en-adj-JEisQgnd",
      "links": [
        [
          "cline",
          "cline"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈklaɪnəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "clinal"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (incline)",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (incline)",
    "English terms suffixed with -al",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪnəl",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪnəl/2 syllables",
    "en:Ecology"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "grc:κλίνη<t:bed>",
        "4": "-al",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱley-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti\nProto-Hellenic *klíňňō\nAncient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek κλίνη (klínē)\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κλῑ́νω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal noun suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ᾱ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-η\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κλίνη\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"clinal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"clinal\">\nFrom Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + English -al.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱley-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti\nProto-Hellenic *klíňňō\nAncient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)\nAncient Greek -ᾱ (-ā)\nAncient Greek -η (-ē)\nAncient Greek κλίνη (klínē)\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\nFrom Ancient Greek κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + English -al.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "clinal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              49,
              55
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1984, Anthony Burgess, Enderby's Dark Lady:",
          "text": "‘Strange,’ Enderby said. ‘Here we both are, in a clinal situation so to speak, a bed context I mean, the Greek word means to lean or repose I suppose, hence bed, hence clinic by the way, and this has nothing to do with my feverish imaginings.’",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to beds or rest."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bed",
          "bed"
        ],
        [
          "rest",
          "rest"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Physical chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Describing a torsion angle between 30° and 150°"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physical chemistry",
          "physical chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "torsion angle",
          "torsion angle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physical chemistry) Describing a torsion angle between 30° and 150°"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "physical"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈklaɪnəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "clinal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "English terms suffixed with -al",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪnəl",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪnəl/2 syllables",
    "en:Ecology"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "aclinal"
    },
    {
      "word": "clinally"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "cline",
        "4": "-al",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cline\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-el\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*-ālis\", \"id\" : \"adjectivizing suffix\", \"title\" : \"-ālis\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-al\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"clinal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"clinal\">\nFrom cline + -al.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish cline\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Italic *-ālis\nLatin -ālisbor.\nOld French -albor.\n▲\nLatin -ālis\nOld French -elbor.\n▲\nLatin -ālisbor.\nMiddle English -al\nEnglish -al\nEnglish clinal\nFrom cline + -al.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "clinal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1994, Anders P Moller, Sexual Selection and the Barn Swallow, Oxford, published 2000, page 299:",
          "text": "Clinal variation in the size of the secondary sexual character may be due to the effects of the Fisher or the handicap process.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to a cline."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cline",
          "cline"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈklaɪnəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪnəl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "clinal"
}

Download raw JSONL data for clinal meaning in English (10.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.