See calling in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "callyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English callyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*cealliende"
},
"expansion": "Old English *cealliende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kallandi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kallandi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "call",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "call + -ing",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English callyng, kallyng, kalland, from Old English *cealliende and Old Norse kallandi, equivalent to call + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calling",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 5 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "call"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of call"
],
"id": "en-calling-en-verb-4VpXkIOJ",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰolɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɑlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg/En-us-calling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "calling"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "callingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "calling party"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hog calling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "playcalling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "calling"
},
"expansion": "Middle English calling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "call",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "call + -ing",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English calling, callynge, equivalent to call + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "callings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calling (plural callings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 17 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 5 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 10 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 10 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 12 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strong urge to become religious."
],
"id": "en-calling-en-noun-E3~m~BVK",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlečénie",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "влече́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "fu¹ ziu⁶",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "呼召"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hūzhào",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "呼召"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "alvokiĝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "kutsumus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klêsis",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλῆσις"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vocazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chiamata"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenmē",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "天命"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gairmeach"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "wito"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kall"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:",
"text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A job or occupation."
],
"id": "en-calling-en-noun-s~TtQlWi",
"links": [
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "profesija",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "професия"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prizvánie",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "призва́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "職業"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíyè",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "职业"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "povolání"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "ammatti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epitḗdeuma",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἐπιτήδευμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "hivatás"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenmē",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "天命"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gairm"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kall"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰolɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɑlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg/En-us-calling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪŋ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vocation"
}
],
"word": "calling"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (participial)",
"English verb forms",
"English verbal nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "callyng"
},
"expansion": "Middle English callyng",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*cealliende"
},
"expansion": "Old English *cealliende",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "kallandi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kallandi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "call",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "participial"
},
"expansion": "call + -ing",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English callyng, kallyng, kalland, from Old English *cealliende and Old Norse kallandi, equivalent to call + -ing.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calling",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "call"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of call"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰolɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɑlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg/En-us-calling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "calling"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ing (gerund noun)",
"English verbal nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːlɪŋ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "callingly"
},
{
"word": "calling party"
},
{
"word": "hog calling"
},
{
"word": "playcalling"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "calling"
},
"expansion": "Middle English calling",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "call",
"3": "-ing",
"id2": "gerund noun"
},
"expansion": "call + -ing",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English calling, callynge, equivalent to call + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "callings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calling (plural callings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A strong urge to become religious."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:",
"text": "Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A job or occupation."
],
"links": [
[
"job",
"job"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔːlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰolɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɔlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑlɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰɑlɪŋ]",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg/En-us-calling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-us-calling.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːlɪŋ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vocation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlečénie",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "влече́ние"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "fu¹ ziu⁶",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "呼召"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hūzhào",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "呼召"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "alvokiĝo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "kutsumus"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "klêsis",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κλῆσις"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vocazione"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chiamata"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenmē",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "天命"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gairmeach"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"word": "wito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strong urge to become religious",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kall"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "profesija",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "професия"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prizvánie",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "призва́ние"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "職業"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhíyè",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "职业"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "povolání"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "ammatti"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "epitḗdeuma",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἐπιτήδευμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "hivatás"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tenmē",
"sense": "occupation",
"word": "天命"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gairm"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "occupation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kall"
}
],
"word": "calling"
}
Download raw JSONL data for calling meaning in English (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.