See bower in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bower meaning in English (29.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bower vine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lady's bower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virgin's bower"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "būr"
},
"expansion": "Old English būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*būr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*būrą",
"t": "room, abode"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Búur",
"t": "storage room, utility room; cage"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bauer",
"3": "",
"4": "birdcage"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer (“birdcage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "búr",
"3": "",
"4": "cage"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse búr (“cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Danish bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bour, from Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”), German Bauer (“birdcage”), Old Norse búr (“cage”) (Danish bur, Norwegian Bokmål bur, Swedish bur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 24 6 5 7 10 2 21 10 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 12 18 5 3 4 5 2 10 5 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "en:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 11 17 5 3 3 5 2 9 5 3 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1572, George Gascoigne, A Lady being both wronged by false suspect, and also wounded by the durance of hir husband, doth thus bewray hir grief.",
"text": "Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, / And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bedroom or private apartments, especially for a woman in a medieval castle."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-en:bedroom",
"links": [
[
"bedroom",
"bedroom"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:bedroom"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "budoar",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "будоар"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "閨房"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guīfáng",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "闺房"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "buduaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "buduaari"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "budoaari"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boudoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Boudoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Frauengemach"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kemenate"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bountouár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπουντουάρ"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "budoár"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "budoár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "будоа́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "bour"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buduar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alkierz"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buduár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "будуа́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocador"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "budoar"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buduár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "будуа́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 9 7 7",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "buduar",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "בודואַר"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 17 12 18 5 3 4 5 2 10 5 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "en:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 24 16 14 4 3 4 4 3 8 5 3 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Housing",
"orig": "en:Housing",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Home",
"Buildings and structures",
"Society",
"Architecture",
"All topics",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Culture"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 11 17 5 3 3 5 2 9 5 3 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1748, William Shenstone, to William Lyttleton Esq.",
"text": "While friends arrived in circles gay,\nTo visit Damon's bower",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage, especially one that is used as a retreat."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-xnZgoqTF",
"links": [
[
"cottage",
"cottage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage, especially one that is used as a retreat."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Sommerhaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Landhaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Landhäuschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"word": "lak"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 2",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"word": "bour"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 17 12 18 5 3 4 5 2 10 5 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "en:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 11 17 5 3 3 5 2 9 5 3 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 30",
"text": "The entire town mated together, in the leafy bowers that had sprung up among the washing-machines and television sets in the shopping mall, on the settees and divans by the furniture store, in the tropical paradises of the suburban gardens.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 444",
"text": "The branches met overhead in a kind of bower and the three cops stood in the shade and studied the roughcast gable of the cottage, maybe fifty yards on up the hill.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shady, leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-6pBU4MfI",
"links": [
[
"recess",
"recess"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "loubí"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "besídka"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "altánek"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "laŭbo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "in a garden",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gartenlaube"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Laube"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "schattiges Plätzchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klimatariá",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κληματαριά"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anadendráda",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αναδενδράδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lúibín coille"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "kepir",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "کەپر"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trichila"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "triclea"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sénica",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "се́ница"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "kameriye"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "alʹtánka",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "альта́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kurínʹ",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "курі́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 9 81 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deildy"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ornithology",
"orig": "en:Ornithology",
"parents": [
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 24 6 5 7 10 2 21 10 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 2 2 23 7 4 6 8 2 18 10 3 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Birds of prey",
"orig": "en:Birds of prey",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 12 18 5 3 4 5 2 10 5 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "en:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 2 19 13 8 5 7 4 15 8 3 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Card games",
"orig": "en:Card games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 1 10 25 1 3 16 1 30 4 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musicians",
"orig": "en:Musicians",
"parents": [
"Music",
"Occupations",
"Art",
"Sound",
"People",
"Work",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 11 17 5 3 3 5 2 9 5 3 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rooms",
"orig": "en:Rooms",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A large structure made of grass, twigs, etc., and decorated with bright objects, used by male bower birds during courtship displays."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-nBveYQRu",
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"decorate",
"decorate"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"bower bird",
"bower bird"
],
[
"courtship",
"courtship"
],
[
"display",
"display"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) A large structure made of grass, twigs, etc., and decorated with bright objects, used by male bower birds during courtship displays."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 2 1 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(ornithology) A large structure made of grass and bright objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Laube"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bowre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "boudoir"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "būr"
},
"expansion": "Old English būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*būr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*būrą",
"t": "room, abode"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Búur",
"t": "storage room, utility room; cage"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bauer",
"3": "",
"4": "birdcage"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer (“birdcage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "búr",
"3": "",
"4": "cage"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse búr (“cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Danish bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bour, from Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”), German Bauer (“birdcage”), Old Norse búr (“cage”) (Danish bur, Norwegian Bokmål bur, Swedish bur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bowering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bowered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bowered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (third-person singular simple present bowers, present participle bowering, simple past and past participle bowered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595, William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, act 3, scene 2, lines 80–82",
"text": "O nature, what hadst thou to do in hell / When thou didst bower the spirit of a fiend / In mortal paradise of such sweet flesh?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 1, in The Dust of Conflict",
"text": "[…]belts of thin white mist streaked the brown plough land in the hollow where Appleby could see the pale shine of a winding river. Across that in turn, meadow and coppice rolled away past the white walls of a village bowered in orchards,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To embower; to enclose."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-verb-en:enclose",
"links": [
[
"embower",
"embower"
],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:enclose"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To lodge."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-verb-zx6xC-co",
"links": [
[
"lodge",
"lodge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To lodge."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "boueer"
},
"expansion": "Middle English boueer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "būr"
},
"expansion": "Old English būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġebūr",
"t": "freeholder of the lowest class, peasant, farmer"
},
"expansion": "ġebūr (“freeholder of the lowest class, peasant, farmer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bouwer",
"t": "farmer, builder, peasant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bouwer (“farmer, builder, peasant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*būraz",
"t": "dweller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būraz (“dweller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰōw-",
"t": "to dwell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw- (“to dwell”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bauer",
"3": "",
"4": "peasant, builder"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer (“peasant, builder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch boer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "buur"
},
"expansion": "buur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "burrë",
"3": "",
"4": "man, husband"
},
"expansion": "Albanian burrë (“man, husband”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bauer",
"3": "Boer",
"4": "boor"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bauer, Boer, and boor",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "neighbour"
},
"expansion": "neighbour",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English boueer, from Old English būr, ġebūr (“freeholder of the lowest class, peasant, farmer”) and Middle Dutch bouwer (“farmer, builder, peasant”); both from Proto-Germanic *būraz (“dweller”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw- (“to dwell”). Cognate with German Bauer (“peasant, builder”), Dutch boer, buur, and Albanian burrë (“man, husband”). Doublet of bauer, Boer, and boor. More at neighbour.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 1 10 25 1 3 16 1 30 4 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musicians",
"orig": "en:Musicians",
"parents": [
"Music",
"Occupations",
"Art",
"Sound",
"People",
"Work",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 12 0 3 33 0 0 14 13 12 2 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A peasant; a farmer."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-en:farmer",
"links": [
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:farmer"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "best bower"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bauer"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "doublet"
},
"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Bauer"
},
"expansion": "Bauer",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Bauer. A doublet of etymology 2 and of the German-origin surname Bauer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "left bower"
},
{
"word": "right bower"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1870, Bret Harte, Plain Language from Truthful James",
"text": "Yet the cards they were stocked / In a way that I grieve, / And my feelings were shocked / At the state of Nye's sleeve, / Which was stuffed full of aces and bowers, / And the same with intent to deceive.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either of the two highest trumps in euchre."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-en:trump",
"links": [
[
"trump",
"trump"
],
[
"euchre",
"euchre"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:trump"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "best bower"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bow"
},
"expansion": "bow",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "relational"
},
"expansion": "+ -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the bow of a ship + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (relational)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bower anchor"
},
{
"word": "small bower"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of ship's anchor, carried at the bow."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-en:anchor",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"anchor",
"anchor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A type of ship's anchor, carried at the bow."
],
"senseid": [
"en:anchor"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bow",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun",
"pos1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bow (verb) + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bow (verb) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 1 10 25 1 3 16 1 30 4 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musicians",
"orig": "en:Musicians",
"parents": [
"Music",
"Occupations",
"Art",
"Sound",
"People",
"Work",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Desmond Morris, Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior, page 144",
"text": "The bower aims his display straight at the dominant figure, who may reciprocate with a milder version of the same action.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who bows or bends."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-RgCwo9mI",
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A muscle that bends a limb, especially the arm."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-LRMURfLh",
"links": [
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bow",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "occupation",
"pos1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "bow (noun) + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bow (noun) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 1 1 24 6 5 7 10 2 21 10 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (occupation)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 12 18 5 3 4 5 2 10 5 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "en:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 1 10 25 1 3 16 1 30 4 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Musicians",
"orig": "en:Musicians",
"parents": [
"Music",
"Occupations",
"Art",
"Sound",
"People",
"Work",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "diddley bower"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who plays any of several bow instruments, such as the musical bow or diddley bow."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-en:bow",
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"musical bow",
"musical bow"
],
[
"diddley bow",
"diddley bow"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:bow"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bough"
},
"expansion": "bough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brancher"
},
"expansion": "brancher",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bough, compare brancher.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Falconry",
"orig": "en:Falconry",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest."
],
"id": "en-bower-en-noun-en:hawk",
"links": [
[
"falconry",
"falconry"
],
[
"hawk",
"hawk"
],
[
"nest",
"nest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, falconry) A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Bower Ashton"
}
],
"senseid": [
"en:hawk"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"falconry",
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bower vine"
},
{
"word": "lady's bower"
},
{
"word": "virgin's bower"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "būr"
},
"expansion": "Old English būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*būr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*būrą",
"t": "room, abode"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Búur",
"t": "storage room, utility room; cage"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bauer",
"3": "",
"4": "birdcage"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer (“birdcage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "búr",
"3": "",
"4": "cage"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse búr (“cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Danish bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bour, from Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”), German Bauer (“birdcage”), Old Norse búr (“cage”) (Danish bur, Norwegian Bokmål bur, Swedish bur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1572, George Gascoigne, A Lady being both wronged by false suspect, and also wounded by the durance of hir husband, doth thus bewray hir grief.",
"text": "Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, / And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bedroom or private apartments, especially for a woman in a medieval castle."
],
"links": [
[
"bedroom",
"bedroom"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:bedroom"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1748, William Shenstone, to William Lyttleton Esq.",
"text": "While friends arrived in circles gay,\nTo visit Damon's bower",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage, especially one that is used as a retreat."
],
"links": [
[
"cottage",
"cottage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage, especially one that is used as a retreat."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 30",
"text": "The entire town mated together, in the leafy bowers that had sprung up among the washing-machines and television sets in the shopping mall, on the settees and divans by the furniture store, in the tropical paradises of the suburban gardens.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 444",
"text": "The branches met overhead in a kind of bower and the three cops stood in the shade and studied the roughcast gable of the cottage, maybe fifty yards on up the hill.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A shady, leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods."
],
"links": [
[
"recess",
"recess"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ornithology"
],
"glosses": [
"A large structure made of grass, twigs, etc., and decorated with bright objects, used by male bower birds during courtship displays."
],
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"decorate",
"decorate"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"bower bird",
"bower bird"
],
[
"courtship",
"courtship"
],
[
"display",
"display"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) A large structure made of grass, twigs, etc., and decorated with bright objects, used by male bower birds during courtship displays."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bowre"
},
{
"word": "boudoir"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "budoar",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "будоар"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "閨房"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guīfáng",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "闺房"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "buduaro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "buduaari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "budoaari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boudoir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Boudoir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Frauengemach"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kemenate"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bountouár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπουντουάρ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "budoár"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "budoár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "будоа́р"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "bour"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buduar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alkierz"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buduár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "будуа́р"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tocador"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "budoar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buduár",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "будуа́р"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "buduar",
"sense": "a woman's bedroom or private apartments, especially in a medieval castle",
"word": "בודואַר"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Sommerhaus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Landhaus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Landhäuschen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"word": "lak"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "(literary) A dwelling; a picturesque country cottage",
"word": "bour"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "loubí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "besídka"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "altánek"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "laŭbo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "in a garden",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gartenlaube"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Laube"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "schattiges Plätzchen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "klimatariá",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κληματαριά"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "anadendráda",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αναδενδράδα"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lúibín coille"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "kepir",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "کەپر"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trichila"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "triclea"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sénica",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "се́ница"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "kameriye"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "alʹtánka",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "альта́нка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kurínʹ",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"word": "курі́нь"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deildy"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "(ornithology) A large structure made of grass and bright objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Laube"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "būr"
},
"expansion": "Old English būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*būr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*būrą",
"t": "room, abode"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Búur",
"t": "storage room, utility room; cage"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bauer",
"3": "",
"4": "birdcage"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer (“birdcage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "búr",
"3": "",
"4": "cage"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse búr (“cage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Danish bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål bur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bur"
},
"expansion": "Swedish bur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bour, from Old English būr, from Proto-West Germanic *būr, from Proto-Germanic *būrą (“room, abode”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Búur (“storage room, utility room; cage”), German Bauer (“birdcage”), Old Norse búr (“cage”) (Danish bur, Norwegian Bokmål bur, Swedish bur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bowering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bowered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bowered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (third-person singular simple present bowers, present participle bowering, simple past and past participle bowered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1595, William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, act 3, scene 2, lines 80–82",
"text": "O nature, what hadst thou to do in hell / When thou didst bower the spirit of a fiend / In mortal paradise of such sweet flesh?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 1, in The Dust of Conflict",
"text": "[…]belts of thin white mist streaked the brown plough land in the hollow where Appleby could see the pale shine of a winding river. Across that in turn, meadow and coppice rolled away past the white walls of a village bowered in orchards,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To embower; to enclose."
],
"links": [
[
"embower",
"embower"
],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:enclose"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To lodge."
],
"links": [
[
"lodge",
"lodge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To lodge."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "boueer"
},
"expansion": "Middle English boueer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "būr"
},
"expansion": "Old English būr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġebūr",
"t": "freeholder of the lowest class, peasant, farmer"
},
"expansion": "ġebūr (“freeholder of the lowest class, peasant, farmer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "bouwer",
"t": "farmer, builder, peasant"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch bouwer (“farmer, builder, peasant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*būraz",
"t": "dweller"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *būraz (“dweller”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰōw-",
"t": "to dwell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw- (“to dwell”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bauer",
"3": "",
"4": "peasant, builder"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer (“peasant, builder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "boer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch boer",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "buur"
},
"expansion": "buur",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "burrë",
"3": "",
"4": "man, husband"
},
"expansion": "Albanian burrë (“man, husband”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bauer",
"3": "Boer",
"4": "boor"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bauer, Boer, and boor",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "neighbour"
},
"expansion": "neighbour",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English boueer, from Old English būr, ġebūr (“freeholder of the lowest class, peasant, farmer”) and Middle Dutch bouwer (“farmer, builder, peasant”); both from Proto-Germanic *būraz (“dweller”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw- (“to dwell”). Cognate with German Bauer (“peasant, builder”), Dutch boer, buur, and Albanian burrë (“man, husband”). Doublet of bauer, Boer, and boor. More at neighbour.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A peasant; a farmer."
],
"links": [
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:farmer"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "best bower"
},
{
"word": "left bower"
},
{
"word": "right bower"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Bauer"
},
"expansion": "German Bauer",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "doublet"
},
"expansion": "doublet",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Bauer"
},
"expansion": "Bauer",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Bauer. A doublet of etymology 2 and of the German-origin surname Bauer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1870, Bret Harte, Plain Language from Truthful James",
"text": "Yet the cards they were stocked / In a way that I grieve, / And my feelings were shocked / At the state of Nye's sleeve, / Which was stuffed full of aces and bowers, / And the same with intent to deceive.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Either of the two highest trumps in euchre."
],
"links": [
[
"trump",
"trump"
],
[
"euchre",
"euchre"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:trump"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er (relational)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "best bower"
},
{
"word": "bower anchor"
},
{
"word": "small bower"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bow"
},
"expansion": "bow",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "relational"
},
"expansion": "+ -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the bow of a ship + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A type of ship's anchor, carried at the bow."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"anchor",
"anchor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A type of ship's anchor, carried at the bow."
],
"senseid": [
"en:anchor"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bow",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun",
"pos1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bow (verb) + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bow (verb) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Desmond Morris, Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior, page 144",
"text": "The bower aims his display straight at the dominant figure, who may reciprocate with a milder version of the same action.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who bows or bends."
],
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"bend",
"bend"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A muscle that bends a limb, especially the arm."
],
"links": [
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er (occupation)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "diddley bower"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bow",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "occupation",
"pos1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "bow (noun) + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bow (noun) + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"One who plays any of several bow instruments, such as the musical bow or diddley bow."
],
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"musical bow",
"musical bow"
],
[
"diddley bow",
"diddley bow"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:bow"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ.ə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/aʊə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/əʊə(ɹ)",
"en:Birds of prey",
"en:Buildings and structures",
"en:Card games",
"en:Housing",
"en:Musicians",
"en:People",
"en:Rooms"
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bough"
},
"expansion": "bough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "brancher"
},
"expansion": "brancher",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From bough, compare brancher.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bowers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bower (plural bowers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Bower Ashton"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Falconry"
],
"glosses": [
"A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest."
],
"links": [
[
"falconry",
"falconry"
],
[
"hawk",
"hawk"
],
[
"nest",
"nest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, falconry) A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest."
],
"senseid": [
"en:hawk"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"falconry",
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ.ə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊə(ɹ)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "bower"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.