See blat in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"title": "Imitative"
},
"expansion": "Imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bleat"
},
"expansion": "English bleat",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "blǣtan",
"t": "to bleat"
},
"expansion": "Old English blǣtan (“to bleat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Imitative. First attested in 1846 in the intransitive sense of \"bleat\". Compare English bleat, Old English blǣtan (“to bleat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blats",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blatting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blatted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blatted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "blat (third-person singular simple present blats, present participle blatting, simple past and past participle blatted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 13 3 26 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry, as a calf or sheep; bleat."
],
"id": "en-blat-en-verb-7JOOFnIX",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"bleat",
"bleat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To cry, as a calf or sheep; bleat."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 1 3 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"english": "calf",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat",
"word": "inua"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 1 3 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"english": "sheep",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat",
"word": "määkiä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Stephen King, Needful Things:",
"text": "A moment later the engine roared into life. Exhaust blatted through the straight-pipes; people stopped on the street to look.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a senseless noise."
],
"id": "en-blat-en-verb-4Oii-G04",
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a senseless noise."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a senseless noise",
"word": "mölistä"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 7 2 31 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 8 4 30 20 5",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "38 6 4 36 13 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "33 8 4 33 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 13 3 26 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 5 28 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 7 5 31 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 4 29 17 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To talk inconsiderately; blab."
],
"id": "en-blat-en-verb-wa6wOqDZ",
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"inconsiderately",
"inconsiderately"
],
[
"blab",
"blab"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 0 94 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to talk inconsiderately",
"word": "hölistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 0 94 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to talk inconsiderately",
"word": "hölöttää"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 7 2 31 22 5",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "32 8 4 30 20 5",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 6 4 36 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 4 33 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 13 3 26 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 5 28 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 7 5 31 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 4 29 17 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce an overrich or overblown sound on a brass instrument such as a trumpet, trombone, or tuba."
],
"id": "en-blat-en-verb-P7f0ZvnR",
"links": [
[
"brass instrument",
"brass instrument"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 0 5 90 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce an overrich or overblown sound on a brass instrument",
"word": "töräyttää"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To utter loudly or foolishly; blurt."
],
"id": "en-blat-en-verb-FmRB-tXz",
"links": [
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"blurt",
"blurt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To utter loudly or foolishly; blurt."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blæt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blat.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-æt"
}
],
"word": "blat"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "блат"
},
"expansion": "Russian блат (blat)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pl",
"3": "blat",
"t": "cover, umbrella"
},
"expansion": "Polish blat (“cover, umbrella”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yi",
"3": "בלאַט",
"t": "leaf, list"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish בלאַט (blat, “leaf, list”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blade"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of blade",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian блат (blat), from Polish blat (“cover, umbrella”) or Yiddish בלאַט (blat, “leaf, list”). Doublet of blade.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "blat (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 7 2 31 22 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 8 4 30 20 5",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 6 4 36 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 9 3 27 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 7 4 26 15 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 8 3 29 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 4 33 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 13 3 26 20 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 5 28 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 6 3 23 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 7 5 31 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 9 3 27 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 9 4 29 17 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To open a new business in Russia you need blat.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Alena V. Ledeneva, Russia's Economy of Favours. Blat, Networking and Informal Exchange, University of London, →ISBN, [Marketing description of that book hardly written by the author]:",
"text": "Alena Ledeneva's book is the first to analyse blat in all its historical, socio-economic and cultural aspects, and to explore its implications for post-Soviet society. In a socialist distribution system which resulted in constant shortages, blat developed into an 'economy of favours' which shadowed an overcontrolling centre and represented the reaction of ordinary people to the social constraints they faced.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, William Gibson, Pattern Recognition (Bigend cycle; book 1), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 180:",
"text": "“We call her that but really it’s more post-Soviet. She's the blat girl.”\n“The what?”\n“Blat. What the old boys in your country called juice, I think. She's connected, Marina is.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Adam Czarnota, Martin Krygier, Wojciech Sadurski, Rethinking the Rule of Law After Communism, page 334:",
"text": "The bribe caused the inflation of the social capital defined as blat. Monetarization of social relations led to the inflation of the social investments that the ordinary citizen has put in their blat networks. Only blat networks of the powerful survived […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Alena V. Ledeneva, How Russia Really Works. The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business (Culture and Society after Socialism), Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 2:",
"text": "I argue that just as blat was an essential type of know-how of Soviet socialism, these postsocialist informal practices represent the “know-how” of post-Soviet Russia.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Joseph S. Berliner, \"Blat\", in David Twichell, The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore of the Mississippi bar, age 326",
"text": "The distinction between the use of blat for personal enrichment and for smoothing the work of the enterprise was emphasized in the interview testimony. […] The supply agent, for example, often has large quantities of money at his disposal for arranging his blat, much of which he might use for himself but which he devotes instead to making deals of advantage to the enterprise."
},
{
"ref": "2017, EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Russian Federation. State Actors of Protection, →DOI, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2021-06-05, page 32:",
"text": "Semukhina and Reynolds mention underlying reasons for the widespread corruption: pre-Soviet and Soviet practices (especially the system of blat⁽¹⁹¹⁾, which continued in the wake of the breakdown of the Soviet Union), institutional factors within the police (e.g. highly militarised structure, lack of accountability), a weak civil society, economic causes (maximising income and minimising risks) and a culture of ‘disrespect for the law’⁽¹⁹²⁾.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Soviet system of connections and social relationships; one's social or business network (in Russian or Soviet society)."
],
"id": "en-blat-en-noun-EmPvdsQY",
"links": [
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"relationship",
"relationship"
],
[
"network",
"network"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "guanxi"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "XCB",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "ԽԾԲ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блат"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "關係"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānxi",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "关系"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "suhteet"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "verkosto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блат"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блат"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "בלאַט"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blæt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blat.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-æt"
}
],
"word": "blat"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Polish",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Yiddish",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æt",
"Rhymes:English/æt/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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"title": "Imitative"
},
"expansion": "Imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bleat"
},
"expansion": "English bleat",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "blǣtan",
"t": "to bleat"
},
"expansion": "Old English blǣtan (“to bleat”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Imitative. First attested in 1846 in the intransitive sense of \"bleat\". Compare English bleat, Old English blǣtan (“to bleat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "blats",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "blatting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "blatted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "blatted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "blat (third-person singular simple present blats, present participle blatting, simple past and past participle blatted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To cry, as a calf or sheep; bleat."
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"bleat",
"bleat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To cry, as a calf or sheep; bleat."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Stephen King, Needful Things:",
"text": "A moment later the engine roared into life. Exhaust blatted through the straight-pipes; people stopped on the street to look.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a senseless noise."
],
"links": [
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a senseless noise."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To talk inconsiderately; blab."
],
"links": [
[
"talk",
"talk"
],
[
"inconsiderately",
"inconsiderately"
],
[
"blab",
"blab"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To produce an overrich or overblown sound on a brass instrument such as a trumpet, trombone, or tuba."
],
"links": [
[
"brass instrument",
"brass instrument"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To utter loudly or foolishly; blurt."
],
"links": [
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"blurt",
"blurt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To utter loudly or foolishly; blurt."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blæt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blat.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-æt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "calf",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat",
"word": "inua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "sheep",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to cry, as a calf or sheep; to bleat",
"word": "määkiä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a senseless noise",
"word": "mölistä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to talk inconsiderately",
"word": "hölistä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to talk inconsiderately",
"word": "hölöttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce an overrich or overblown sound on a brass instrument",
"word": "töräyttää"
}
],
"word": "blat"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Polish",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from Yiddish",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æt",
"Rhymes:English/æt/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "блат"
},
"expansion": "Russian блат (blat)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pl",
"3": "blat",
"t": "cover, umbrella"
},
"expansion": "Polish blat (“cover, umbrella”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yi",
"3": "בלאַט",
"t": "leaf, list"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish בלאַט (blat, “leaf, list”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blade"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of blade",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian блат (blat), from Polish blat (“cover, umbrella”) or Yiddish בלאַט (blat, “leaf, list”). Doublet of blade.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "blat (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "To open a new business in Russia you need blat.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Alena V. Ledeneva, Russia's Economy of Favours. Blat, Networking and Informal Exchange, University of London, →ISBN, [Marketing description of that book hardly written by the author]:",
"text": "Alena Ledeneva's book is the first to analyse blat in all its historical, socio-economic and cultural aspects, and to explore its implications for post-Soviet society. In a socialist distribution system which resulted in constant shortages, blat developed into an 'economy of favours' which shadowed an overcontrolling centre and represented the reaction of ordinary people to the social constraints they faced.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, William Gibson, Pattern Recognition (Bigend cycle; book 1), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, page 180:",
"text": "“We call her that but really it’s more post-Soviet. She's the blat girl.”\n“The what?”\n“Blat. What the old boys in your country called juice, I think. She's connected, Marina is.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Adam Czarnota, Martin Krygier, Wojciech Sadurski, Rethinking the Rule of Law After Communism, page 334:",
"text": "The bribe caused the inflation of the social capital defined as blat. Monetarization of social relations led to the inflation of the social investments that the ordinary citizen has put in their blat networks. Only blat networks of the powerful survived […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Alena V. Ledeneva, How Russia Really Works. The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business (Culture and Society after Socialism), Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 2:",
"text": "I argue that just as blat was an essential type of know-how of Soviet socialism, these postsocialist informal practices represent the “know-how” of post-Soviet Russia.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Joseph S. Berliner, \"Blat\", in David Twichell, The shallow stratigraphy and sand resources offshore of the Mississippi bar, age 326",
"text": "The distinction between the use of blat for personal enrichment and for smoothing the work of the enterprise was emphasized in the interview testimony. […] The supply agent, for example, often has large quantities of money at his disposal for arranging his blat, much of which he might use for himself but which he devotes instead to making deals of advantage to the enterprise."
},
{
"ref": "2017, EASO Country of Origin Information Report. Russian Federation. State Actors of Protection, →DOI, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2021-06-05, page 32:",
"text": "Semukhina and Reynolds mention underlying reasons for the widespread corruption: pre-Soviet and Soviet practices (especially the system of blat⁽¹⁹¹⁾, which continued in the wake of the breakdown of the Soviet Union), institutional factors within the police (e.g. highly militarised structure, lack of accountability), a weak civil society, economic causes (maximising income and minimising risks) and a culture of ‘disrespect for the law’⁽¹⁹²⁾.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Soviet system of connections and social relationships; one's social or business network (in Russian or Soviet society)."
],
"links": [
[
"connection",
"connection"
],
[
"relationship",
"relationship"
],
[
"network",
"network"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "guanxi"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/blæt/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-blat.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-blat.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "XCB",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "ԽԾԲ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блат"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "關係"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guānxi",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "关系"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "suhteet"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "verkosto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блат"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blat"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "блат"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "blat",
"sense": "connections; relationships; one's social or business network (Russia)",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "בלאַט"
}
],
"word": "blat"
}
Download raw JSONL data for blat meaning in English (11.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.