See berdache in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"3": "bardache"
},
"expansion": "French bardache",
"name": "bor"
},
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "bardassa"
},
"expansion": "Italian bardassa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "بَرْدَج",
"4": "",
"5": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Arabic بَرْدَج (bardaj, “slave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bardash"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bardash",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French bardache, from Italian bardassa, perhaps from Arabic بَرْدَج (bardaj, “slave”). Doublet of bardash.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berdaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
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"form": "berdache",
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"plural"
]
}
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}
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"pos": "noun",
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"word": "berdachism"
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],
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{
"ref": "1980, Kenneth E. Read, “Observations on the Current State of Anthropological Research on Homosexual Behavior”, in Other Voices: The Style of a Male Homosexual Tavern, Novato, Cali.: Chandler & Sharp Publishers, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 187:",
"text": "These culturally bound assumptions have bedevilled the entire anthropological literature on the berdache in Native American cultures, and it is because of this that I have followed the lead of Angelino and Shedd when referring to the phenomenon of the berdache-transgenderal, for as Fitzgerald (1977) points out: \"A berdache . . . may be a transvestite, but a transvestite need not be a berdache; and neither need be homosexual.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Christine Roberts, “Sex, Sexuality, Gender, and Gender Variance”, in Sandra Morgen, editor, Gender and Anthropology: Critical Reviews for Research and Teaching, Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 439:",
"text": "Gender is the sociocultural designation of biobehavioral and psychosocial qualities of the sexes; for example, woman (female), man (male), other(s) (e.g., berdaches²). Notions of gender are culturally specific and depend on the ways in which cultures define and differentiate human (and other) potentials and possibilities. While many people in Western society may think first of heterosexual women and men when the word \"gender\" is mentioned, there are more gender possibilities than just those two.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Michael J Horswell, Decolonizing the Sodomite, University of Texas, published 2006, page 20:",
"text": "Male berdache have been documented in nearly 150 North American societies, while female berdache (females who take on the lifeways of males) appear in half as many groups.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"Among Native Americans, a person who identifies with any of a variety of gender identities which are not exclusively those of their biological sex; a transgender person."
],
"id": "en-berdache-en-noun-tSmNraQC",
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"(anthropology, dated, now offensive, ethnic slur) Among Native Americans, a person who identifies with any of a variety of gender identities which are not exclusively those of their biological sex; a transgender person."
],
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"word": "transgender"
},
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"word": "two-spirit"
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{
"code": "lkt",
"lang": "Lakota",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"word": "wíŋkte"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "berdache"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berdáš",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "берда́ш"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berdáče",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "берда́че"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈdaʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bəɹˈdæʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-berdache.ogg",
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},
{
"rhymes": "(US) -æʃ"
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],
"word": "berdache"
}
{
"derived": [
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"word": "berdachism"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "bardache"
},
"expansion": "French bardache",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "bardassa"
},
"expansion": "Italian bardassa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "بَرْدَج",
"4": "",
"5": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Arabic بَرْدَج (bardaj, “slave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bardash"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of bardash",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French bardache, from Italian bardassa, perhaps from Arabic بَرْدَج (bardaj, “slave”). Doublet of bardash.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "berdaches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berdache",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"word": "transgender"
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"word": "two-spirit"
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{
"ref": "1980, Kenneth E. Read, “Observations on the Current State of Anthropological Research on Homosexual Behavior”, in Other Voices: The Style of a Male Homosexual Tavern, Novato, Cali.: Chandler & Sharp Publishers, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 187:",
"text": "These culturally bound assumptions have bedevilled the entire anthropological literature on the berdache in Native American cultures, and it is because of this that I have followed the lead of Angelino and Shedd when referring to the phenomenon of the berdache-transgenderal, for as Fitzgerald (1977) points out: \"A berdache . . . may be a transvestite, but a transvestite need not be a berdache; and neither need be homosexual.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Christine Roberts, “Sex, Sexuality, Gender, and Gender Variance”, in Sandra Morgen, editor, Gender and Anthropology: Critical Reviews for Research and Teaching, Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 439:",
"text": "Gender is the sociocultural designation of biobehavioral and psychosocial qualities of the sexes; for example, woman (female), man (male), other(s) (e.g., berdaches²). Notions of gender are culturally specific and depend on the ways in which cultures define and differentiate human (and other) potentials and possibilities. While many people in Western society may think first of heterosexual women and men when the word \"gender\" is mentioned, there are more gender possibilities than just those two.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Michael J Horswell, Decolonizing the Sodomite, University of Texas, published 2006, page 20:",
"text": "Male berdache have been documented in nearly 150 North American societies, while female berdache (females who take on the lifeways of males) appear in half as many groups.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Among Native Americans, a person who identifies with any of a variety of gender identities which are not exclusively those of their biological sex; a transgender person."
],
"links": [
[
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"(anthropology, dated, now offensive, ethnic slur) Among Native Americans, a person who identifies with any of a variety of gender identities which are not exclusively those of their biological sex; a transgender person."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"ethnic",
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəˈdaʃ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bəɹˈdæʃ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-berdache.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/En-us-berdache.ogg/En-us-berdache.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/En-us-berdache.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "(US) -æʃ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "lkt",
"lang": "Lakota",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"word": "wíŋkte"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "berdache"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berdáš",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "берда́ш"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "berdáče",
"sense": "Native American who identifies with a gender identity not exclusively corresponding to their biological sex — see also two-spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "берда́че"
}
],
"word": "berdache"
}
Download raw JSONL data for berdache meaning in English (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.