See barm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Abraham's barm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "barmcloth"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bearm",
"t": "lap; bosom"
},
"expansion": "Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*barm"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*barmaz",
"t": "lap; bosom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-",
"t": "to bear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Barm",
"t": "lap; bosom"
},
"expansion": "German Barm (“lap; bosom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barm, barme, berm, bearm, from Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "barm (plural barms)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "obsolete",
"3": "except in",
"4": "dialects"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete outside dialects)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bosom"
],
"id": "en-barm-en-noun-Upt-z1Y7",
"links": [
[
"bosom",
"bosom"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lap"
],
"id": "en-barm-en-noun-Bmrd9nQe",
"links": [
[
"lap",
"lap"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-barm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"word": "barm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bacon barm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "barmbrack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "barmy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chip barm"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "berme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English berme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorma"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bermō",
"t": "yeast; barm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Bärm",
"t": "yeast"
},
"expansion": "Low German Bärm (“yeast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "barm, berm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German barm, berm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ga",
"3": "bairín breac"
},
"expansion": "Irish bairín breac",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English berme, berm, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "barm (countable and uncountable, plural barms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 67 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 1 27 2 7 3 1 1 32 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 25:",
"text": "[A]nd sometimes make the drink to bear no barm.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 620:",
"text": "In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:",
"text": "And he chaffed the women as he served them their ha'porths of barm.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast."
],
"id": "en-barm-en-noun-9Js3LhrL",
"links": [
[
"Foam",
"foam#Noun"
],
[
"rising",
"rise#Verb"
],
[
"beer",
"beer#Noun"
],
[
"malt liquor",
"malt liquor"
],
[
"fermenting",
"ferment#Verb"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"leaven",
"leaven#Noun"
],
[
"brewing",
"brewing#Noun"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"bread",
"bread#Noun"
],
[
"yeast",
"yeast#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "foam rising upon beer, etc., when fermenting",
"word": "vaahto"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "foam rising upon beer, etc., when fermenting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mousse"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "foam rising upon beer, etc., when fermenting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giosta"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread."
],
"id": "en-barm-en-noun-9JOy55F5",
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-barm.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"word": "barm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bermen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bermen, from the noun (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "barm (third-person singular simple present barms, present participle barming, simple past and past participle barmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To spurge; foam"
],
"id": "en-barm-en-verb-tlXt6dgb",
"links": [
[
"spurge",
"spurge"
],
[
"foam",
"foam"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bap"
},
{
"word": "barmpot"
},
{
"word": "barmy"
},
{
"word": "bun"
},
{
"word": "muffin"
},
{
"word": "roll"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-barm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"barm"
],
"word": "barm"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English dialectal terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English obsolete terms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Abraham's barm"
},
{
"word": "barmcloth"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "barm"
},
"expansion": "Middle English barm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "bearm",
"t": "lap; bosom"
},
"expansion": "Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
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{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
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"t": "lap; bosom"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-",
"t": "to bear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Barm",
"t": "lap; bosom"
},
"expansion": "German Barm (“lap; bosom”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English barm, barme, berm, bearm, from Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-West Germanic *barm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "barm (plural barms)",
"name": "en-noun"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "except in",
"4": "dialects"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete outside dialects)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bosom"
],
"links": [
[
"bosom",
"bosom"
]
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lap"
],
"links": [
[
"lap",
"lap"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-barm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"word": "barm"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Irish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
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"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Irish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bacon barm"
},
{
"word": "barmbrack"
},
{
"word": "barmy"
},
{
"word": "chip barm"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "berme"
},
"expansion": "Middle English berme",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beorma"
},
"expansion": "Old English beorma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*bermō",
"t": "yeast; barm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Bärm",
"t": "yeast"
},
"expansion": "Low German Bärm (“yeast”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "barm, berm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German barm, berm",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ga",
"3": "bairín breac"
},
"expansion": "Irish bairín breac",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English berme, berm, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "barm (countable and uncountable, plural barms)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], line 25:",
"text": "[A]nd sometimes make the drink to bear no barm.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 620:",
"text": "In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:",
"text": "And he chaffed the women as he served them their ha'porths of barm.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast."
],
"links": [
[
"Foam",
"foam#Noun"
],
[
"rising",
"rise#Verb"
],
[
"beer",
"beer#Noun"
],
[
"malt liquor",
"malt liquor"
],
[
"fermenting",
"ferment#Verb"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"leaven",
"leaven#Noun"
],
[
"brewing",
"brewing#Noun"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"bread",
"bread#Noun"
],
[
"yeast",
"yeast#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small, round, flat individual loaf or roll of bread."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-barm.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "foam rising upon beer, etc., when fermenting",
"word": "vaahto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "foam rising upon beer, etc., when fermenting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mousse"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "foam rising upon beer, etc., when fermenting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giosta"
}
],
"word": "barm"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)m/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "bermen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bermen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English bermen, from the noun (see above).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "barms",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "barming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "barmed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "barmed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "barm (third-person singular simple present barms, present participle barming, simple past and past participle barmed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "bap"
},
{
"word": "barmpot"
},
{
"word": "barmy"
},
{
"word": "bun"
},
{
"word": "muffin"
},
{
"word": "roll"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To spurge; foam"
],
"links": [
[
"spurge",
"spurge"
],
[
"foam",
"foam"
]
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɑːm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-barm.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-barm.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɑɹm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)m"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"barm"
],
"word": "barm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for barm meaning in English (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.